3. 1
Why
were
the
discoveries
made?
At
the
begining
of
the
15th
century.
Europeans
knew
liOle
more
than
Europe
and
the
lands
around
the
Mediterranean
and
the
Black
Seas.
4. The
rest
of
the
world
was
a
total
mistery.
Europeans
had
not
explored
the
African
and
Asian
interior,
and
they
did
not
know
that
America
and
Oceania
existed.
6. Ac1vi1es
Answer
these
quesSons
1
What
countries
did
Europeans
know
of
at
the
begining
of
15th
century?
2
How
did
they
know
of
them?
3
Why
did
the
Europeans
launch
mariSme
expediSons?
7. What
were
the
new
sea
routes?
From
the
early
15th
century,
Portugal
had
been
looking
for
a
new
sea
route
To
India
around
the
coast
of
Africa.
The
portuguese
monarchs
and
Prince
Henry
the
Navigator
organised
various
expediSons.
-‐The
Madeira
-‐The
Azores
-‐Bartolome
Dias
rounded
Cape
of
Good
Hope
-‐Vasco
de
Gama
reached
India.
8. Spanish
and
Portuguese
rivalry
The
Crown
of
CasSle
was
Portugal’s
biggest
rival
in
the
search
for
new
routes
of
India.
The
CasSlians
decided
to
sail
to
the
west
across
the
AtlanSc,
circumnavigaSng
the
Earth.
This
plan
was
very
risky.
Crossing
the
AtlanSc
was
terrifying.
It
was
a
long
way
into
unknown
waters.
9. The
Caravels
The
caravel
existed
for
hundred
of
years,
the
caravel
of
the
15th
and
16th
centuries
was
faster
and
more
spacious
than
its
predeccessors
It
had
square
sails
for
speed
and
triangular
sails
for
manoueuvre.
Caravels
had
a
crew
of
less
than
thirty
men.
Without
oarsmen,
there
was
more
space
in
the
hold
for
cargo.
Long
voyages
were
possible
.
The
ships
also
carried
cannons
to
defend
themselves
from
pirates
and
enemy
ships.
10. Ac1vi1es
1
Complete
these
sentences
1.1
In
the
early
15th
century,
Portugal
wanted
to
find
a
new
sea
route
to_________
1.2
Aaer
the
Portuguese
had
discovered
the
Madeira
Island
and
the
Azores,
they
sailed
round
the________
1.3
The
Portuguese
were
the
first
European
people
to
reach
the________
1.4
The
Spaniards
decided
to
sail
towards
the________
2
True
or
False
Correct
the
false
informaSon
2.1
Carvels
were
first
built
in
the
15th
century
2.2
They
had
a
small
crew
2.3
The
caravels
had
oarsmen
and
square
sails.
2.4
The
15th
and
16th
century
caravels
could
carry
more
cargo
11.
12. Christopher
Colombus
Was
a
Genoese
sailor.
He
was
convinced
he
could
reach
the
eastern
coast
of
Asia
by
crossing
the
AtlanSc
Ocean.
He
presented
his
project
to
the
Catholic
Monarchs
who
decided
to
finance
the
expediSon.
On
3
August
1492,
an
expediSon
of
ninety
sailors
and
three
ships,
the
Pinta,
the
Niña
and
the
Santa
Maria,
lea
the
port
of
Palos
de
la
Frontera,
in
Huelva.
They
saw
land
on12
October
1492.
Columbus
thought
he
had
reached
Cipango(Japan),
but
the
land
belonged
to
an
unknown
conSnent.
13. Columbus
made
three
more
expediSons
to
explore
and
established
CasSlian
dominion
of
these
territories.
On
the
second
voyage,
a
faster
and
safer
route
to
America
was
found
.
On
his
two
last
voyages,
Columbus
explored
part
of
the
coast
of
Central
and
South
America.
In
1502
an
italian
sailor,
Americo
Vespucci,
had
already
realised
that
these
lands
belonged
to
a
new
conSnent.
Later,
the
conSnent
was
named
America
in
his
honour
Americo
Vespucci
14. Ac1vity
1
Answer
the
quesSons
a. Approximately
how
long
was
Colombus
at
sea
during
his
first
voyage?
b. Where
did
he
finally
land?
c. Where
did
he
think
he
was?
d. Where
did
he
go
on
his
next
three
voyages?
e. What
was
their
purpose?
f. How
did
America
get
its
name?
15.
16.
17. Magellan’s
expedi1on
In
1519,
an
expediSon
of
five
boats
and
250
sailors
lea
Seville,
captained
by
Ferdinand
Magellan,
with
his
second-‐
In-‐command,
Juan
SebaSan
Elcano.
The
goal
was
to
find
a
passage
between
the
AtlanSc
and
Pacific
Oceans
to
the
Molucas,
or
Spice
Island,
in
Asia.
In
1520,
they
found
a
strait
connecSng
both
oceans.
It
was
later
named
the
Strait
of
Magellan.
-‐They
sailed
on
to
the
Philippines.
There
Magellan
was
killed
in
a
fight
with
the
naSves,
and
Elcano
took
command.
The
expediSon
headed
for
the
Molucas
and
loaded
up
with
valuable
spices.
Then
,
they
set
sail
for
Seville.
-‐Aaer
three
years,
only
eighteen
men
and
one
ship,
the
Victoria,
returned.
These
journey
proved
that
the
Earth
was
round.
18.
19. What
were
the
consequences
of
the
discoveries
-‐Portugal
and
Spain
created
great
overseas
empires.
to
prevent
problems
between
the
two
countries,
unexplored
regions
were
divided
between
them
in
the
Treaty
of
Tordesillas
in
1494.
-‐These
exploraSons
marked
the
beginning
of
European
supremacy
over
the
rest
of
the
world.
-‐The
discoveries
brought
major
progress
in
science.
Many
new
plants
and
animals
species
were
discovered.
-‐One
of
the
most
important
consequences
of
the
discoveries
was
the
contact
between
different
peoples.
-‐However,
diseases
introduced
by
the
Europeans
caused
a
dramaSc
decline
in
the
Indigenous
populaSons
of
America
