Bella and Oscar help train a puppy named Bridget who jumps on the dinner table to steal food. Through observing Bridget's behavior, they determine she is doing this to get attention from her family. They realize Bridget's jumping is being unintentionally reinforced by her family giving her attention after. Bella and Oscar then train Bridget to hop on her hind legs instead to get treats and attention, using differential reinforcement. This replacement behavior is successfully trained, and Bridget stops jumping on the table to get the positive attention she craves through her new trick.
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.
John B. Watson is known as the founder of behaviorism. Though others had similar ideas in the early 1900s, when behavioral theory began, some suggest that Watson is credited as behavioral psychology's founder due to being "an attractive, strong, scientifically accomplished, and forceful speaker and an engaging writer" who was willing to share this behavioral approach when other psychologists were less likely to speak up.
Behaviorism can be used to help elicit positive behaviors or responses in students, such as by using reinforcement. Teachers with a behavioral approach often use "skill and drill" exercises to reinforce correct responses through consistent repetition, for instance.
Other ways reinforcement-based behaviorism can be used in education include praising students for getting the right answer and providing prizes for those who do well. Using tests to measure performance enables teachers to measure observable behaviors and is, therefore, another behavioral approach.
Snapshots: Behavior Disorders
Video Transcript
Eric
Kelly:
Eric Shawn “The Bullet” Robinson. He is busy. He is hyper, needless to say, but he is very intelligent, very receptive. He is like a four year old in a ten year old’s body. Eric’s challenges are family security basically. He is very insecure because of the history of our family in the last ten years. I am divorced and his father really hasn’t paid much interest in him and it has really hurt him. He kind of thinks that mom is always going to leave him too.
The children’s center, I am not exaggerating at all, has made our life bearable and happy and full of love again, because before we came where, which was just four months ago, I feel kind of guilty saying it, but I have to because It’s the truth, I didn’t like my son. I couldn’t stand him. I couldn’t stand being around him for a long time. I could take him for about ten minutes. Every day he would ruin something in the house and I was about at my wits end when I came here. They have worked on with behavioral modification and slowed him down. The medication, he was on Ritalin and he has just come off of it which helped tremendously in the sense that it called him down enough and helped his attention span so that they could work with him on behavior concepts and the consequences of rights and wrongs and how to really verbalize and express himself. Rather than expressing himself physically.
Douglas Goldsmith, PHD:
When I first worked with Eric it was in order to give him a psychological evaluation to determine whether or not he was in fact appropriate for our day treatment setting and Eric was probably one of the most extremely hyper active children that I have ever tested. During the testing he was severely oppositional it was really difficult to get him to complete tasks. He would insist that he was not going to perform, jump up from the table, and walk away. He was extremely active child throughout the entire session. In this case there is clearly a biological aspect of Eric’s hyperactivity. There is some kind of chemical or neurological disturbance that is helping drive this child, but the psychological testing also showed us that he is also very conflicted about his parent’s separation and the social factors going on in his life.
Eric attends our day treatment group for five days a week, three hours a day. In that setting we are helping him learn how to feel better about himself. That’s one of the things that Eric came in with was some very strong feelings that nobody likes him, that he is no good, and he would make those kinds of statement frequently to the therapists. One of the purposes of group then is to help him develop a more positive self-esteem by giving him positive feedback, helping him recognize his strengths.
Lori Blickfeldt:
Eric’s first day he was rather quiet and solemn. He watched other children play with interest, but made no attempt to join them. He would turn his back towards peers and adults if they app.
Change Real (English)
Courtesy to SlideShare and other software hardware designers, developers, producers, managers and investors directly or indirectly linked to development of presentation
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.
John B. Watson is known as the founder of behaviorism. Though others had similar ideas in the early 1900s, when behavioral theory began, some suggest that Watson is credited as behavioral psychology's founder due to being "an attractive, strong, scientifically accomplished, and forceful speaker and an engaging writer" who was willing to share this behavioral approach when other psychologists were less likely to speak up.
Behaviorism can be used to help elicit positive behaviors or responses in students, such as by using reinforcement. Teachers with a behavioral approach often use "skill and drill" exercises to reinforce correct responses through consistent repetition, for instance.
Other ways reinforcement-based behaviorism can be used in education include praising students for getting the right answer and providing prizes for those who do well. Using tests to measure performance enables teachers to measure observable behaviors and is, therefore, another behavioral approach.
Snapshots: Behavior Disorders
Video Transcript
Eric
Kelly:
Eric Shawn “The Bullet” Robinson. He is busy. He is hyper, needless to say, but he is very intelligent, very receptive. He is like a four year old in a ten year old’s body. Eric’s challenges are family security basically. He is very insecure because of the history of our family in the last ten years. I am divorced and his father really hasn’t paid much interest in him and it has really hurt him. He kind of thinks that mom is always going to leave him too.
The children’s center, I am not exaggerating at all, has made our life bearable and happy and full of love again, because before we came where, which was just four months ago, I feel kind of guilty saying it, but I have to because It’s the truth, I didn’t like my son. I couldn’t stand him. I couldn’t stand being around him for a long time. I could take him for about ten minutes. Every day he would ruin something in the house and I was about at my wits end when I came here. They have worked on with behavioral modification and slowed him down. The medication, he was on Ritalin and he has just come off of it which helped tremendously in the sense that it called him down enough and helped his attention span so that they could work with him on behavior concepts and the consequences of rights and wrongs and how to really verbalize and express himself. Rather than expressing himself physically.
Douglas Goldsmith, PHD:
When I first worked with Eric it was in order to give him a psychological evaluation to determine whether or not he was in fact appropriate for our day treatment setting and Eric was probably one of the most extremely hyper active children that I have ever tested. During the testing he was severely oppositional it was really difficult to get him to complete tasks. He would insist that he was not going to perform, jump up from the table, and walk away. He was extremely active child throughout the entire session. In this case there is clearly a biological aspect of Eric’s hyperactivity. There is some kind of chemical or neurological disturbance that is helping drive this child, but the psychological testing also showed us that he is also very conflicted about his parent’s separation and the social factors going on in his life.
Eric attends our day treatment group for five days a week, three hours a day. In that setting we are helping him learn how to feel better about himself. That’s one of the things that Eric came in with was some very strong feelings that nobody likes him, that he is no good, and he would make those kinds of statement frequently to the therapists. One of the purposes of group then is to help him develop a more positive self-esteem by giving him positive feedback, helping him recognize his strengths.
Lori Blickfeldt:
Eric’s first day he was rather quiet and solemn. He watched other children play with interest, but made no attempt to join them. He would turn his back towards peers and adults if they app.
Change Real (English)
Courtesy to SlideShare and other software hardware designers, developers, producers, managers and investors directly or indirectly linked to development of presentation
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Johnny Depp Long Hair: A Signature Look Through the Yearsgreendigital
Johnny Depp, synonymous with eclectic roles and unparalleled acting prowess. has also been a significant figure in fashion and style. Johnny Depp long hair is a distinctive trademark among the various elements that define his unique persona. This article delves into the evolution, impact. and cultural significance of Johnny Depp long hair. exploring how it has contributed to his iconic status.
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Introduction
Johnny Depp is an actor known for his chameleon-like ability to transform into a wide range of characters. from the eccentric Captain Jack Sparrow in "Pirates of the Caribbean" to the introspective Edward Scissorhands. His long hair is one constant throughout his evolving roles and public appearances. Johnny Depp long hair is not a style choice but a significant aspect of his identity. contributing to his allure and mystique. This article explores the journey and significance of Johnny Depp long hair. highlighting how it has become integral to his brand.
The Early Years: A Budding Star with Signature Locks
1980s: The Rise of a Young Heartthrob
Johnny Depp's journey in Hollywood began in the 1980s. with his breakout role in the television series "21 Jump Street." During this time, his hair was short, but it was already clear that Depp had a penchant for unique and edgy styles. By the decade's end, Depp started experimenting with longer hair. setting the stage for a lifelong signature.
1990s: From Heartthrob to Icon
The 1990s were transformative for Johnny Depp his career and personal style. Films like "Edward Scissorhands" (1990) and "Benny & Joon" (1993) saw Depp sporting various hair lengths and styles. But, his long, unkempt hair in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993) began to draw significant attention. This period marked the beginning of Johnny Depp long hair. which became a defining feature of his image.
The Iconic Roles: Hair as a Character Element
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
In "Edward Scissorhands," Johnny Depp's character had a wild and mane that complemented his ethereal and misunderstood persona. This role showcased how long hair Johnny Depp could enhance a character's depth and mystery.
Captain Jack Sparrow: The Pirate with Flowing Locks
One of Johnny Depp's iconic roles is Captain Jack Sparrow from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series. Sparrow's long, dreadlocked hair symbolised his rebellious and unpredictable nature. The character's look, complete with beads and trinkets woven into his hair. was a collaboration between Depp and the film's costume designers. This style became iconic and influenced fashion trends and Halloween costumes worldwide.
Other Memorable Characters
Depp's long hair has also been featured in other roles, such as Ichabod Crane in "Sleepy Hollow" (1999). and Roux in "Chocolat" (2000). In these films, his hair added a layer of authenticity and depth to his characters. proving that Johnny Depp with long hair is more than a style—it's a storytelling tool.
Off-Screen Influenc
4. WOAH WOAH!! What's going on Oscar?? Sorry about that Bella I can get a little loud some times.
5. Haha!! That ok Oscar that happens to me all the time So what can I do for you Oscar??
6. Ok, I just met this adorable little golden Shi Tzu. Everything was ok until I realized that she had some issues Well umm I don’t know if your going to like this but ok, here goes…… BEHAVIOR ISSUES!! Hmm.. What type of issues? WHAT!! Oh no nono, I will help her!!
7. Tell me exactly what the problem is. Ahhh.. Poor little dog. She has no manners. But no worries we will help her behave like a good dog. Ok her name is Bridget and she is only two years old. Right before dinner when her human parents set the table. Bridget sneaks up on the table when no one is looking. Then she steal their food.
8. WE?? What do you mean? I don’t know anything about behavior training Bella. Ok sounds good. Hehehehe… ahh I thought you would say that but don’t worry it’s really not that hard. Just watch and learn.
9. Bella ran immediately to her room. She looked for her favorite red blanket, which also doubles as a super hero cape!
10. Hello Oscar I’m here. I told you I would be fast! Of course it’s me silly. I’m super Bella Bambina now!! Now shall we? Whoa! Is that really you??
11. Ok so now that we are here the first thing we must do is simply observe. However we also will take down some baseline data. We will also do what is called a “functional asssesment” Baseline data? Functional assesment? Whoa hang on a bit you are going to fast.
18. Bella and Oscar observed Bridget for a week. Ok Oscar, now that we have all the baseline data we need we can analyze what is really going on here. Lets see if there is something reinforcing the behavior Reinforcer: A stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows
22. Resulting in an increased frequency of that responseBridget jumps on the table and eat the food Bridget has attention from family Bridget has no attention from family One of the things we noticed was that during the time that mom was cooking dinner everyone was doing their own thing and poor little Bridget was left alone to watch TV. By jumping on the dinner table she was able to get a nice treat but also the attention of the family.
23. Wow, when you put it that way it’s much easier to understand Yes. I know that was called a behavioral contingency Cool!!
24. So Bella? Where do we go from now? Ok, so now that we know what the problem is and what is causing it we can begin Well we need to extinguish the behavior
27. Causes the response frequency to decrease Waite! I have question. How well we stop reinforcement if we aren't providing the reinforcing? Awesome! your totally getting it. We can’t so we will have to train her.
28. But before we establish a procedure let look more at what is maintaining the behavior Before: Behavior: After: Before: Behavior: After: This is a diagram of Bridget’s behavior No attention Has attention Jumps on table This is also known as an escape contingency! And this is Mom’s behavior Mom sees aversive sight of Bridget on table Runs pick Bridget up and lectures her Mom has no aversive sight of Bridget on the table
33. You see how Mom’s behavior is reinforcing Bridget's behavior? Now since we can’t stop Mom’s reinforcing because of the obvious language barrier, we must train Bridget instead. Say what?? Now since we know that a puppy can get sad and lonely sometimes we understand that she just wants attention and love. So we will help Bridget find a behavior that is more appropriate and will still get her the attention she craves if not more. The good kind of attention Exactly! We will use DRO Differential reinforcement of other behavior.
34. Differential Reinforcement of other behavior: Replacing an inappropriate behavior with a specific appropriate behavior producing the same reinforcing outcome So we are going to replace jumping on the table with what? Gotcha!! Hmm.. Take a look at this before we jump so far ahead From our baseline data we noticed that Bridge is only doing the behavior when no one is around. So lets look at a few more concepts
43. because of concept trainingWhhhaat??? Yea yea I know it seems like a lot but let focus on the last one the others are just to help you understand Conceptual stimulus control
44. Remember when we discussed how Bridget only jump on the table when dinner was served? Ok so the response (jumping on table) happened more often when there was food but not when there were just plates. Also even though she jumps when no one is looking someone is still has to be around to reinforce the behavior. Conceptual stimulus control. Ok ok now I'm getting it. Yes… Ok look at this contingency!
52. Before: No yummy pup corn Behavior: Hops on two legs After: Yummy pup-corn Before: No pain on shoulder from Oscars bite Behavior: Jumps on the table After: Pain on shoulder from Oscar bite After two weeks of training Bridget was an expert and doing to bunny dance. She was getting way more attention that before. Not to mention positive! Oh yea I forgot to mention that they also involved a punishment contingency at the same time. This was in order to reduce the inappropriate behavior Reinforcement Punishment
53. So that’s how we saved dinner !! Ahhh what a story. Thanks you too for all the help I love the new attention I'm getting!!