This document summarizes Rajiv Gandhi's vision and legacy in advancing science and technology in India. It discusses three key points:
1) Rajiv Gandhi was a visionary leader who championed innovation and modernizing India. He pushed to increase spending on science and technology to 2% of GDP.
2) India has an opportunity to build a new knowledge system by connecting modern science, indigenous knowledge systems, and spiritual knowledge. Ayurveda is presented as an example of indigenous wisdom that can be strengthened through modern scientific research.
3) There is potential to build synergies between modern medicine, modern science, and traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda. More research is needed to explore Ay
The document summarizes a two-day national seminar on "Industrialization: Development for Whom?" organized by the Department of Economics at Motilal Nehru College (Evening) from March 20-21, 2012. The seminar aims to discuss various issues related to industrialization and development in India, including whether industrialization truly contributes to growth, its impact on poverty, unemployment and marginalization, and the need for an alternative development model.
Tata Industries was established in 1945 by Tata Sons to promote new Tata businesses. It has initiated ventures in sectors like IT, financial services, and telecom. Tata Industries has two divisions - Tata Strategic Management Group provides consulting services, and Tata Interactive Systems is one of the world's leading e-learning organizations. The company promotes new Tata businesses, maintains shareholdings in companies it has promoted, and invests in operating companies to facilitate growth.
In the issue, “The 20 Most Admired Universities in India, 2017”, you will read about universities that have distinguished themselves through academic programs that cover the conventional and the non-conventional ones, through opportunities that are laid for the deserving and the impoverished and through amenities that includes the obligatory and the voluntary. This is a list of one of the most sought after universities of India.
Remembering the contributions and relevance of Jawaharlal Nehru in 2015Mohd Anwar Jamal Faiz
This document summarizes and defends Jawaharlal Nehru's contributions as the first Prime Minister of India. It discusses how Nehru laid the foundation for India's industrialization, abolished oppressive systems like zamindari, and established important educational and research institutions. It argues that Nehru promoted secularism, democracy, and non-alignment in foreign policy. However, the document notes that some current politicians unfairly criticize Nehru due to lacking proper understanding and wishing to undermine the legacy of those who came before them.
This document discusses a national roundtable meeting on basic sanitation in rural India. It provides background on government initiatives to improve rural sanitation since 1986. The Total Sanitation Campaign and Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan programs are mentioned. The Swachh Bharat Mission, launched in 2014, aims to achieve universal sanitation coverage by 2019. The roundtable meeting will bring together policymakers, administrators, and others to discuss challenges and solutions related to rural sanitation facilities implementation under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. It will be held on August 20th, 2015 in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh and will focus on the roles of local governments and future visions for rural sanitation in
The Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), a registered Research Foundation, being headquartered at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, has organised the 105th Chittoor District Centenary Celebrations and conferred the Chittoor District Centenary Awards in 7 Categories on 1 April, 2015 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. To mark the occasion, the AGRASRI has published the Chittoor District Centenary Awards Souvenir-2014 and released the same on 1 April, 2015 at Hotel Bliss, Tirupati.
The document summarizes a two-day national seminar on "Industrialization: Development for Whom?" organized by the Department of Economics at Motilal Nehru College (Evening) from March 20-21, 2012. The seminar aims to discuss various issues related to industrialization and development in India, including whether industrialization truly contributes to growth, its impact on poverty, unemployment and marginalization, and the need for an alternative development model.
Tata Industries was established in 1945 by Tata Sons to promote new Tata businesses. It has initiated ventures in sectors like IT, financial services, and telecom. Tata Industries has two divisions - Tata Strategic Management Group provides consulting services, and Tata Interactive Systems is one of the world's leading e-learning organizations. The company promotes new Tata businesses, maintains shareholdings in companies it has promoted, and invests in operating companies to facilitate growth.
In the issue, “The 20 Most Admired Universities in India, 2017”, you will read about universities that have distinguished themselves through academic programs that cover the conventional and the non-conventional ones, through opportunities that are laid for the deserving and the impoverished and through amenities that includes the obligatory and the voluntary. This is a list of one of the most sought after universities of India.
Remembering the contributions and relevance of Jawaharlal Nehru in 2015Mohd Anwar Jamal Faiz
This document summarizes and defends Jawaharlal Nehru's contributions as the first Prime Minister of India. It discusses how Nehru laid the foundation for India's industrialization, abolished oppressive systems like zamindari, and established important educational and research institutions. It argues that Nehru promoted secularism, democracy, and non-alignment in foreign policy. However, the document notes that some current politicians unfairly criticize Nehru due to lacking proper understanding and wishing to undermine the legacy of those who came before them.
This document discusses a national roundtable meeting on basic sanitation in rural India. It provides background on government initiatives to improve rural sanitation since 1986. The Total Sanitation Campaign and Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan programs are mentioned. The Swachh Bharat Mission, launched in 2014, aims to achieve universal sanitation coverage by 2019. The roundtable meeting will bring together policymakers, administrators, and others to discuss challenges and solutions related to rural sanitation facilities implementation under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. It will be held on August 20th, 2015 in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh and will focus on the roles of local governments and future visions for rural sanitation in
The Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), a registered Research Foundation, being headquartered at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, has organised the 105th Chittoor District Centenary Celebrations and conferred the Chittoor District Centenary Awards in 7 Categories on 1 April, 2015 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. To mark the occasion, the AGRASRI has published the Chittoor District Centenary Awards Souvenir-2014 and released the same on 1 April, 2015 at Hotel Bliss, Tirupati.
This document summarizes a lecture given by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan on the future of Indian farmers in the 21st century. Some key points:
1) There is a need to launch a "second green revolution" focused on dryland farming areas, to improve productivity and prosperity for farmers in rainfed regions, as the first green revolution benefited irrigated areas.
2) Community-managed food and water security systems should be established, involving local grain and water banks, to address hunger issues.
3) Policies need to make marginal and small farmers economically viable through assured marketing opportunities and support for "orphan" crops like millets.
4) Investing in
We would love feedback from members of the Clarksville Association of Realtors. We are brainstorming how to make our association better. Please be kind & respect others opinions. We are all adults. :)
This lecture discusses Panchayati Raj in India and its role in grassroots development. Some key points:
1) Panchayati Raj aims to empower local self-governance institutions to plan and implement programs for economic development and social justice.
2) While Panchayats have been instituted across India through elections, true devolution requires transferring functions, personnel, and finances to the local level.
3) Successful examples of grassroots development through Panchayati Raj can be seen in various states that have decentralized primary education, healthcare, and other services to the village level through local institutions.
The document discusses how to use keyword modifiers to refine searches on LinkedIn. It explains that modifiers like AND, OR, and NOT can be used to find profiles that include multiple terms, either of multiple terms, or exclude certain terms. Quotes can be used for exact phrases and parentheses can combine terms for more complex searches. Using NOT is emphasized as a way to exclude unwanted profiles from search results.
The Second Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture was delivered by Shri Shivraj V. Patil, Speaker of Tenth Lok Sabha, on 25 August, 2003 at Hotel Bliss, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, under the aegis of the Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Director of the AGRASRI, Co-ordinate the programme.
1) Dr. Karan Singh discusses the erosion of moral and spiritual values in India and sees it as a tragedy, as Indian civilization has historically been based on these principles.
2) He argues that to remedy this, India must reestablish these values, as India's ancient philosophical teachings could help address the modern crisis between science and wisdom.
3) He proposes that the Virat Hindu Samaj work to promote these values through public discourse, mass gatherings, and by introducing spiritual texts and traditions into India's educational curriculum to provide moral guidance to youth.
This document discusses the meaning of freedom on India's 60th independence day. It argues that true freedom is being inwardly free through self-knowledge and creating a world of peace, harmony and respect for all life. Merely having political or social freedom is not real freedom if people are not free within from possessiveness, greed and ego. India's role is to help guide human evolution towards greater fulfillment through its ancient philosophy and science of human possibilities, as the world needs India's preserved spiritual vision. The document aims to uncover a deeper understanding of freedom beyond celebrations and remind people of India's enduring gifts to humanity.
Ankush Nehra completed a PPT project on the topic of unity in diversity in India for his Political Science class. The 12-page presentation covered various aspects of India's diversity including its many languages, religions, classical dance forms, important temples, and great historical figures. It highlighted how India remains united as the world's largest democracy despite its vast cultural, religious and linguistic diversity spanning its 28 states and 9 union territories. The project included 13 topics presented over 19 slides and received positive feedback from both his teacher and principal for following the instructions.
this ppt gives a glimpse of india's past, present and future and tells the world the incredibility of india....it includes the cuisine, culture, monuments, dance etc of india...
This document is the preface to the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses how India was once a prosperous civilization with advanced science and technology that attracted scholars from around the world. However, after independence, leaders failed to recognize India's civilizational roots and discarded the vision that guided the freedom movement. As a result, over the past seven decades the country has faced a multidimensional crisis and fallen behind compared to other nations. The document criticizes the current UPA government for weak leadership, lack of trust and transparency, and concentration of power that has bred corruption and policy paralysis.
Saffron Brigade BJPs LS Poll Manifesto-2014muchtech
This document is the preface of the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses the state of India's economy and governance under the Congress-led UPA government over the past decade, describing it as a "decade of decay". It outlines some of the key challenges facing India like price rise, employment, corruption, and policy paralysis. It argues that a change in leadership is needed to address these issues and put India back on the path of progress and development. The BJP pledges to work towards building a strong, visionary government in India if elected.
This document is the preface to the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses how India was once a prosperous civilization with advanced science and technology that attracted scholars from around the world. However, after independence, leaders failed to recognize India's civilizational roots and discarded the vision that guided the freedom movement. As a result, over the past seven decades the country has faced a multidimensional crisis and fallen behind compared to other nations. The document criticizes the current UPA government for weak leadership, lack of trust and transparency, and concentration of power that has bred corruption and policy paralysis.
This document is the preface to the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses how India was once a prosperous civilization with advanced science and technology that attracted scholars from around the world. However, after independence, leaders failed to recognize India's civilizational roots and discarded the vision that guided the freedom movement. As a result, over the past seven decades the country has faced a multidimensional crisis and fallen behind compared to other nations. The document attributes this to weak leadership, lack of trust and participation in governance, and concentration of power leading to corruption under successive Congress governments.
The period from 25th December to 12 January, the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda we celebrate as Samarth Bharat Parva.
Ref : http://www.vivekanandakendra.org/samarth-bharat-parva
The document outlines key facts about India's history and culture:
1) India had the world's first university in Takshila in 700 BC which taught over 60 subjects to over 10,000 students from around the world.
2) India developed important scientific concepts like the decimal system and place value well before other parts of the world.
3) India is a diverse, secular, democratic republic with over 30 UNESCO world heritage sites and representation of all major world religions.
The document discusses the concept of "purity of culture" and argues that:
1) India is comprised of at least 2,800 distinct cultures corresponding to castes, so there is no single "Indian culture."
2) India does not satisfy the criteria to be considered a nation, as it lacks a common language, economic system, or culture among its people.
3) The term "national mainstream" used to promote one ruling class culture over others lacks grounding, as India is not a nation.
4) The diversity of cultures in India's democracy should be nurtured and protected through proportional political representation of all groups.
Country Report (2010) Art Education In IndiaAkshay Kokala
This document provides a country report on art education in India from the Department of Education in Arts & Aesthetics of the National Council of Educational Research & Training. It discusses the history and importance of art education in India from ancient times to the present. It notes that art has always played an integral role in Indian culture and education. The report outlines various government initiatives and organizations that are working to promote art education across India. It emphasizes the vision of developing creativity, expression, and cultural awareness through art-based learning activities in schools.
This document summarizes a lecture given by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan on the future of Indian farmers in the 21st century. Some key points:
1) There is a need to launch a "second green revolution" focused on dryland farming areas, to improve productivity and prosperity for farmers in rainfed regions, as the first green revolution benefited irrigated areas.
2) Community-managed food and water security systems should be established, involving local grain and water banks, to address hunger issues.
3) Policies need to make marginal and small farmers economically viable through assured marketing opportunities and support for "orphan" crops like millets.
4) Investing in
We would love feedback from members of the Clarksville Association of Realtors. We are brainstorming how to make our association better. Please be kind & respect others opinions. We are all adults. :)
This lecture discusses Panchayati Raj in India and its role in grassroots development. Some key points:
1) Panchayati Raj aims to empower local self-governance institutions to plan and implement programs for economic development and social justice.
2) While Panchayats have been instituted across India through elections, true devolution requires transferring functions, personnel, and finances to the local level.
3) Successful examples of grassroots development through Panchayati Raj can be seen in various states that have decentralized primary education, healthcare, and other services to the village level through local institutions.
The document discusses how to use keyword modifiers to refine searches on LinkedIn. It explains that modifiers like AND, OR, and NOT can be used to find profiles that include multiple terms, either of multiple terms, or exclude certain terms. Quotes can be used for exact phrases and parentheses can combine terms for more complex searches. Using NOT is emphasized as a way to exclude unwanted profiles from search results.
The Second Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture was delivered by Shri Shivraj V. Patil, Speaker of Tenth Lok Sabha, on 25 August, 2003 at Hotel Bliss, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, under the aegis of the Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Director of the AGRASRI, Co-ordinate the programme.
1) Dr. Karan Singh discusses the erosion of moral and spiritual values in India and sees it as a tragedy, as Indian civilization has historically been based on these principles.
2) He argues that to remedy this, India must reestablish these values, as India's ancient philosophical teachings could help address the modern crisis between science and wisdom.
3) He proposes that the Virat Hindu Samaj work to promote these values through public discourse, mass gatherings, and by introducing spiritual texts and traditions into India's educational curriculum to provide moral guidance to youth.
This document discusses the meaning of freedom on India's 60th independence day. It argues that true freedom is being inwardly free through self-knowledge and creating a world of peace, harmony and respect for all life. Merely having political or social freedom is not real freedom if people are not free within from possessiveness, greed and ego. India's role is to help guide human evolution towards greater fulfillment through its ancient philosophy and science of human possibilities, as the world needs India's preserved spiritual vision. The document aims to uncover a deeper understanding of freedom beyond celebrations and remind people of India's enduring gifts to humanity.
Ankush Nehra completed a PPT project on the topic of unity in diversity in India for his Political Science class. The 12-page presentation covered various aspects of India's diversity including its many languages, religions, classical dance forms, important temples, and great historical figures. It highlighted how India remains united as the world's largest democracy despite its vast cultural, religious and linguistic diversity spanning its 28 states and 9 union territories. The project included 13 topics presented over 19 slides and received positive feedback from both his teacher and principal for following the instructions.
this ppt gives a glimpse of india's past, present and future and tells the world the incredibility of india....it includes the cuisine, culture, monuments, dance etc of india...
This document is the preface to the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses how India was once a prosperous civilization with advanced science and technology that attracted scholars from around the world. However, after independence, leaders failed to recognize India's civilizational roots and discarded the vision that guided the freedom movement. As a result, over the past seven decades the country has faced a multidimensional crisis and fallen behind compared to other nations. The document criticizes the current UPA government for weak leadership, lack of trust and transparency, and concentration of power that has bred corruption and policy paralysis.
Saffron Brigade BJPs LS Poll Manifesto-2014muchtech
This document is the preface of the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses the state of India's economy and governance under the Congress-led UPA government over the past decade, describing it as a "decade of decay". It outlines some of the key challenges facing India like price rise, employment, corruption, and policy paralysis. It argues that a change in leadership is needed to address these issues and put India back on the path of progress and development. The BJP pledges to work towards building a strong, visionary government in India if elected.
This document is the preface to the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses how India was once a prosperous civilization with advanced science and technology that attracted scholars from around the world. However, after independence, leaders failed to recognize India's civilizational roots and discarded the vision that guided the freedom movement. As a result, over the past seven decades the country has faced a multidimensional crisis and fallen behind compared to other nations. The document criticizes the current UPA government for weak leadership, lack of trust and transparency, and concentration of power that has bred corruption and policy paralysis.
This document is the preface to the Bharatiya Janata Party's 2014 election manifesto. It discusses how India was once a prosperous civilization with advanced science and technology that attracted scholars from around the world. However, after independence, leaders failed to recognize India's civilizational roots and discarded the vision that guided the freedom movement. As a result, over the past seven decades the country has faced a multidimensional crisis and fallen behind compared to other nations. The document attributes this to weak leadership, lack of trust and participation in governance, and concentration of power leading to corruption under successive Congress governments.
The period from 25th December to 12 January, the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda we celebrate as Samarth Bharat Parva.
Ref : http://www.vivekanandakendra.org/samarth-bharat-parva
The document outlines key facts about India's history and culture:
1) India had the world's first university in Takshila in 700 BC which taught over 60 subjects to over 10,000 students from around the world.
2) India developed important scientific concepts like the decimal system and place value well before other parts of the world.
3) India is a diverse, secular, democratic republic with over 30 UNESCO world heritage sites and representation of all major world religions.
The document discusses the concept of "purity of culture" and argues that:
1) India is comprised of at least 2,800 distinct cultures corresponding to castes, so there is no single "Indian culture."
2) India does not satisfy the criteria to be considered a nation, as it lacks a common language, economic system, or culture among its people.
3) The term "national mainstream" used to promote one ruling class culture over others lacks grounding, as India is not a nation.
4) The diversity of cultures in India's democracy should be nurtured and protected through proportional political representation of all groups.
Country Report (2010) Art Education In IndiaAkshay Kokala
This document provides a country report on art education in India from the Department of Education in Arts & Aesthetics of the National Council of Educational Research & Training. It discusses the history and importance of art education in India from ancient times to the present. It notes that art has always played an integral role in Indian culture and education. The report outlines various government initiatives and organizations that are working to promote art education across India. It emphasizes the vision of developing creativity, expression, and cultural awareness through art-based learning activities in schools.
- India has made slow progress adopting open access despite opportunities it could provide for scientific advancement and addressing problems like poverty, healthcare, and agriculture. Barriers include a lack of awareness among policymakers and scientists about open access and its advantages.
- Some organizations have begun open access initiatives, like certain CSIR laboratories setting up open access repositories and some scientific journals becoming open access. However, more coordinated efforts are needed across scientific institutions and disciplines.
- Widespread adoption of open access in India could help disseminate knowledge to marginalized communities and support local researchers and health workers in improving conditions. But focused advocacy and training is still required to increase awareness of open access.
This message from the Union Minister for Science and Technology congratulates India on 75 years of independence and highlights some of India's scientific achievements and rankings globally in recent years. The minister emphasizes that while India has done well, there is still potential for greater self-reliance and addressing societal problems through science. He calls for increased collaboration between science ministries and engagement with industry to make science more citizen-centric and strengthen India's innovation ecosystem. The 75th anniversary of independence provides an opportunity for the scientific community to work together towards the country's progress.
The document provides information about India, including its geography, demographics, religions, history, economy, culture, and tourism. It discusses that India is located in South Asia, has a population of over 1.2 billion people, and its major religions are Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Christianity. It also profiles Mahatma Gandhi, noting that he was a key leader in India's independence movement and helped liberate India from British colonial rule through nonviolent civil disobedience.
1) Ancient Indian society was organized around the varnashrama system which divided society into four varnas and four ashramas.
2) The state evolved slowly over time through factors like kinship, religion, economic classes, and war. Kings held divine status and power was seen as sanctioned by gods.
3) Ancient Indian political thought included theories about the evolutionary, force-based, mystical/divine, and social contract-based origins of the state.
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, recognised as Nodal Agency by the Government of India and Government of Andhra Pradesh, has published the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Commemorative Souvenir, on the eve of the 1st Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards Ceremony, organised by the AGRASRI, on 19 May, 2023 at Tirupati.
This Commemorative Souvenir was published by AGRASRI on the eve of the
110th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, the 6th President of India and the First Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh.
Dr. Mandali Buddha Prasad, Former Deputy Speaker of Andhra Pradesh State Legislative Assembly has delivered the 1st Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and received the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Visishta Ratna State Award for the Year 2023 on 19 May, 2023 at Tirupati.
Dr. D. Sundar Ram and Mrs. D. Bharathi Sundar, Founders of AGRASRI, organised the programme.
Shri Justice C. Praveen Kumar, Hon'ble Former Acting Chief Justice of AP High Court, Amaravathi, has delivered the 2nd Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture on 'Human Rights and the Article 21 of the Constitution of India', on 19 May, 2024 at Tirupati, organised by Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, on the eve of the 111th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, the 6th President of India and the First Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh.
Greetings from Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati.
I am very glad to inform that Shri Justice C. Praveen Kumar, Hon'ble Former Acting Chief Justice of AP High Court, Amaravathi, is delivering the 2nd Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture on 'Human Rights and Article 21 of the Constitution of India' and receiving the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Visishta Ratna State Award on 19 May, 2014 at 4.30 pm in DRDA Meeting Hall, Tirupati, on the eve of the 111th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, 6th President of India and the First Chief Minister of the United Andhra Pradesh state.
Prof. A. Lakshminath, Vice- Chancellor of the Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad, is receiving the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Nyaya Shiromani State Award.
Similarly, Prof. P. Murali, Former Vice-Chancellor, Sri Venkateswara University; Prof. G. Subramanyam, Former Director-cum-Vice- Chancellor, SVIMS University and Shri J. Murali, IAS (Retd.), Director, Andhra Pradesh State Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh are being received Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Vidya, Vaidya and Panchayati Raj Shiromani State Awards.
To mark the occasion, AGRASRI is bringing out a Special Souvenir in Honour of the Recipients of the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards for the Year 2024.
Dr. D. Sundar Ram
Director, AGRASRI &
Convener, NSRMLSA
Tirupati -517502, AP
Email: drsundarram@gmail.com
Website: www.agrasri.org.in
AGRASRI Panel Discussion on 'Election Promises by the Political Parties in Andhra Pradesh and its Implementation', Tirupati, 31 March, 2024:
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, is holding the Panel Discussion on 'Election Promises by the Political Parties in Andhra Pradesh and its Implementation', through Zoom, on 31 March, said Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Founder and Director of the AGRASRI, in a press release here.
Prof. A. Prasanna Kumar, Former Rector and Director of the Centre for Policy Studies, Visakhapatnam will Preside over the Panel Discussion, with Dr. R.A. Padmanabha Rao, Addl. Director - General of the Doordarshan, Govt. of India, as the Chief Guest, said the AGRASRI press communique.
Prof. Rayadurgam Narayana, Adjunct Professor of Law, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra; Prof.Sangita Satya Narayana, Retd. Professor at the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru; Prof. C. Narayana Rao, Former Dean of Social Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur; Prof. Devi Prasad Juvvadi, Director, Agriculture Management, Centre for Good Governance, Hyderabad and Prof. M. Gopinath Reddy, Consultant, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad will participate in the Panel Discussion as the Distinguished Panel of Speakers, said Dr. Sundar Ram.
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, has organised the Symposium on 'Role of Women @75 Years of India: Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities', on 6 March, 2024 through Zoom, as part of the International Women's Day Celebrations.
The Symposium was Sponsored by the Pirojsha Godrej Foundation, Mumbai.
Prof (Mrs) B. Vengamma, Vice-Chancellor, Sri Devaraj Urs Higher Education and Research Academy (Deemed to be University), Kolar, Karnataka, has inaugurated the Symposium as the Chief Guest.
Smt. K. Santha Reddy, Former Member of the National Commission for Women, Govt.of India; Smt. C.S. Rama Lakshmi, IFS (Retd.), Former Commissioner, Department of Sericulture, Govt.of Andhra Pradesh and Smt. A.D. Jyothi, Project Director, District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), Tirupati, participated in the Symposium, as the Guest of Honour, Special Guest and Special Invitee.
Prof. Kiran Prasad, Head, Department of Communication and Journalism, Sri Padmavati Women's University; Prof. V. Vanajakshamma, Senior Professor, Department of Cardiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) and Prof. R. Suneetha, Head, Department of Economics, Sri Venkateswara University, who participated in the Symposium as Panel of Speakers.
Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Founder and Director of AGRASRI, acted as Moderator of the Symposium.
Shri D. Sai Kumar, Vice-President of AGRASRI, has Co-ordinated the Zoom Meeting.
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, has organised the Round -Table Meeting (Zoom Webinar) on 'Electoral Bonds in India: Is it Transparent and Accountable in Poll Funding?', on 23 March, 2024.
Shri T S. Krishna Murthy, Former Chief Election Commissioner of India, Govt.of India, New Delhi, has inaugurated the Round -Table Meeting, as the Chief Guest.
Prof. Madan Mohan Goel, Former Vice-Chancellor of Starex University, Gurugram, Haryana; Prof. Sandeep Sastri, Former Vice-Chancellor, Jagran Lake City University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh: Prof. G. Palanithurai, Rajiv Gandhi Chair for Panchayati Raj Studies (Retd.), Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu and Dr. Bed Prakash Syam Roy, IAS (Retd.), Former Special Secretary, Development and Planning Department, Govt.of West Bengal, Kolkata, participated in the Webinar Meeting as the Distinguished Panel of Speakers.
Dr. D. Sundar Ram,Founder and Director of the Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), acted as the Moderator of the Webinar Meeting and welcomed the dignitaries and outlined the theme.
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, a recognised Nodal Agency by the Government of India and Government of Andhra Pradesh, is organising the 18th Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture and Rajiv Gandhi National Awards conferment programmes on 19 August, 2023 at Gandhi Bhavan Auditorium, Bengaluru, on the eve of 79th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Shri Rajiv Gandhi, the 7th Prime Minister of India.
Chief Guest: Shri H.K. Patil, Hon'ble Minister for Law, Parliamentary Affairs, Legislation and Tourism, Govt.of Karnataka, Bengaluru.
Key -Note Speaker: Prof. B.K. Chandrashekhar, Former Minister for Education and IT and Former Chairman, Karnataka State Legislative Council, Bengaluru.
President: Shri Venkatrao Y. Ghorpade, Vice-Chairman Chairman, Karnataka State Panchayati Raj Parishad, Bengaluru.
Chief Organiser: Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Director, AGRASRI, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, a recognised Nodal Agency by the Government of India and Government of Andhra Pradesh, is organising One- day Seminar on Panchayati Raj in India: Are Governments Really Concerned?, in Synchronising the 18th Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture and Rajiv Gandhi National Awards conferment programmes, on 19 August, 2023 at Gandhi Bhavan Auditorium, Bengaluru.
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), a recognised Nodal Agency by the Govt. of India and Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, has instituted Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards- namely Visishta Ratna, Nyaaya Shiromani, Vidya Shiromani, Vaidya Shiromani and Panchayati Raj Shiromani- in the year 2023, on the eve of 110th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, the 6th President of India and the First Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh.
Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards programmes would be organised every year on 19 May, I. e. the Birthday of Dr. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy at Tirupati.
Profile of AGRASRI 2001-2021
20 Years of Services in Panchayati Raj, Rural Development, Women Empowerment, Youth Development, Good Governance in Rural India
The document provides a progress report of the Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI) from 2001 to 2021 as it celebrates its 20th anniversary. Over the past 20 years, AGRASRI has organized numerous academic programs, research projects, training programs, and awards programs focused on panchayati raj, rural development, and grassroots governance. It publishes an academic journal and research reports on related topics. AGRASRI has received recognition from the Indian Council of Social Science Research and works to further Mahatma Gandhi's vision of gram swaraj.
The Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI) is organizing the 110th Chittoor District Formation Day Lecture and Chittoor District Centenary Awards ceremony on April 1, 2020 in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the formation of Chittoor District. AGRASRI will honor 8 distinguished individuals with Chittoor District Centenary Awards for their significant contributions to the growth and development of Chittoor District in their respective fields. AGRASRI is a research organization that focuses on local governance and rural development, registered in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.
Detailed Curriculum-Vitae of Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Director, of Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
The Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI) is organising the 109th Chittoor District Formation Day Lecture and Chittoor District Centenary Awards Ceremony on 1 April, 2019 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati, on the eve of the 109th Chittoor District Formation Day Celebrations.
For more details Visit us: http://www.agrasri.org.in
The Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI) is organising the 109th Chittoor District Formation Day Lecture and Chittoor District Centenary Awards Ceremony on 1 April, 2019 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati, on the eve of the 109th Chittoor District Formation Day Celebrations.
For more details Visit us: http://www.agrasri.org.in
The document describes 11 books related to political institutions and governance in India edited by D. Sundar Ram. The books cover topics such as reservations for women in local government bodies, the role of village councils, grassroots planning and participation, empowerment of women in political roles, and the role of opposition political parties in Andhra Pradesh. Many of the books compile papers presented at conferences and workshops related to decentralization, local governance, and political participation in India.
1. Inviting Nominations for the Chittoor District Centenary
Awards for the Year-2018, by AGRASRI, Tirupati, Andhra
Pradesh.
2. 109th Chittoor District Formation Day Lecture-2019 by
AGRASRI, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
The Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), a research foundation, being headquartered at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, has instituted the Chittoor District Formation Day Lecture and Chittoor District Centenary Awards (in 7 Categories) in the year 2011, on the eve of the Chittoor District Centenary Celebrations. Th following Souvenir was Published by Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, on the eve of the 107th Chittoor District Formation Day Lecture and Chittoor District Centenary Awards conferment ceremony, held on 1 April, 2017 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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Text of the Sixth Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture-2007
1. Sixth Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture-2007
SYNTHESISING NEW INDIAN KNOWLEDGE AND
INNOVATION SYSTEMS: FUTURE AGENDA
R.A. MASHELKAR
I am beholden to Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India and Rajiv Rural
Development Foundation for conferring the Sixth Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Outstanding
Leadership Award for the year 2007 on me.
I am especially happy that last year’s award winner was Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, whom, not only
I, but the whole nation holds in the highest esteem. He is truly an iconic figure. He was not only
the architect of our very own green revolution, but he has also provided a pioneering leadership to
the world in promoting the idea of a sustainable global society.
1
Rajiv Gandhi’s Legacy
I am particularly honoured and privileged that the award has been named after Shri Rajiv
Gandhi, who was our youngest Prime Minister. He was a great leader and had a unique vision for
the 21st century India. I was fortunate to serve as the Member of Rajiv Gandhi’s Scientific Advisory
Committee to the Prime Minister (SAC-PM) in mid 80’s. I vividly remember my first meeting with
him. His handsome profile and a charming affectionate smile made an immediate impression on
me. He was a thorough gentleman and very courteous. On the other hand, he had a steely
determination and a great vision for India’s entry into the 21st century. Many initiatives that were
taken during his time have made a lasting impact on Indian Science & Technology.
He blended beautifully three qualities of innovation, compassion and passion. He gave a great
push to technological innovation. His passion for modern India of the twenty first century was
unquestionable. His compassion showed up time and again. I remember his commenting in one of
our earlier meetings of SAC to PM about the problem of drinking water in villages. He said “I have
a dream equivalent to John Kennedy’s dream to take a man on the moon and that equivalent
dream is to take drinking water to 186,000 villages”. This is how the water mission began, which
was a forerunner for a number of other missions that followed. His commitment to S&T was total.
Indeed, one remembers the immortal words of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, who had once said
“It is an inherent obligation of a great country like India with its traditions of scholarship and
original thinking and its great cultural heritage to participate fully in the march of science, which is
probably mankind’s greatest enterprise today.”
Text of the Sixth Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture delivered by Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, the
then President, Indian National Science Academy, on 20thAugust 2007, under the aegis of Academy of
Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), in Collaboration with Rajiv Rural Development
Foundation at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati (A.P).
2. Rajiv Gandhi was fully committed to India’s forward march of science. I still remember the
last SAC-PM meeting that was held at his residence in late 1991. Little did we know that the
following day the elections will be announced? With his usual enthusiasm he asked all of us as to
what should be the goal for S&T in the next five years? What is that the Government should
invest? When we were speaking about the investment in S&T as a percentage of GDP, it had stood
at around 1% then. He said this must be raised to 2% in line with the advanced nations.
Someone from the Government was participating in the meeting. He pointed out the
constraints on resources. Rajiv Gandhi smiled and in his own charming way he said, “we will keep
aside 2% of GDP for S&T. We will then give the rest to the nation.. There is no future to India
without S&T. It has to have a priority.” I must say that it is India’s fortune that successive Prime
Ministers have repeated this pledge to raise the S&T expenditure to 2% of GDP. I remember Shri
Atal Bihari Vajpayee announcing this in the Science Congress that was held in Pune in the year
2000. I also remember our current Prime Minister Dr. Man Mohan Singh reaffirming his
commitment about raising the Indian S&T expenditure to 2% of GDP in the last Science Congress.
For India to be globally competitive, we have to achieve this target and that too sooner rather than
later.
India has changed dramatically after it opened up in 1991. The changes have been particularly
spectacular in the last five years or so. I wish he was alive today. He would have loved to see the
emergence of knowledge economy, which he championed, when he sowed the seeds of
information and telecommunication revolution. After all C-DOT and C-DAC were his creations. He
would have enjoyed India’s march towards becoming a true knowledge society. In its true
integrative culture, India has opportunity of creating new knowledge systems. It is this new
emerging paradigm on which I am going to focus in this lecture.
Synthesising a New Knowledge & Innovation System
While building the Indian knowledge society, we will have to worry about three different
domains of knowledge. We as scientists have focused rather narrowly only on S&T based
knowledge, which is established through the rigorous methodology of science. But there are two
other domains of knowledge, which we have kept away from. One is the so called ‘parallel’,
indigenous’, ‘traditional’ or ‘civilizational’ knowledge system. These systems belong to societies in
the developing world that have nurtured and refined systems of knowledge of their own, relating
to such diverse domains as geology, ecology, agriculture, and health etc., our Ayurvedic medicinal
systems being one such domain.
Indigenous knowledge systems must be sustained through active support to the societies that
are keepers of this knowledge, be they villagers or tribes, their ways of life, their languages, their
social organization and the environments in which they live. We need innovative ways of
preventing the erosion of such knowledge, which usually vanishes with people. Equally
importantly, we need an in-depth analysis of the parallelism of insights between the indigenous
knowledge systems, on the one hand, and certain areas of modern science concerned with
2
3. fundamental aspects, on the other. Our university education and research needs to shift the
search light on this important issue, which it has neglected so far.
The third is the knowledge systems of the spiritual world. Here again, the tools of modern
science are giving us deep insights. For example, quantum physics is leading to inquiry into
consciousness, computational advances are leading to inquiry into human intelligence, advances
in neuro-sciences are leading to inquiry into the working of a human mind.
The new knowledge system will have to be a beautiful confluence of these three knowledge
systems. I feel confident that India will lead in interpreting, creating, synergising and enhancing
these knowledge systems. As a first step towards this journey, I will like to give you a perspective
of how we can build bridges between the traditional and modern by illustrating what we can do
with specific reference to Ayurveda, which follows from our ancient wisdom.
3
Leveraging India’s Wisdom
I was attending a meeting of the Third World Academy of Sciences in Trieste a few years ago.
Frederico Mayor, the then Director General of UNESCO made an interesting statement. He said
“Knowledge flows from north to south and wisdom flows from south to north”. I remember
making a small correction: `knowledge’ may flow from north to south but `usable knowledge’ does
not flow that easily from north to south, since usable knowledge has the potential to create wealth.
No country, no corporation gives a competitive advantage to another, excepting at a price. India
itself has realized this in the post liberalization era. However, the flow of wisdom from India to
the rest of the world has been rather free. People are just realizing this value of our wisdom now.
Let us take one specific example of India’s great wisdom, the example of Ayurveda.
New Interest in Ayurveda
There are winds of change now. First and foremost, a number of our country’s leading
scientists and doctors are now getting persuaded about the real value of Ayurveda. This has
stimulated a major support from the central government, in addition to the large patronage from
our country’s various states. Major organisations in world’s health system all now recognize
Ayurveda. These include organisations in developed and developing countries. US National
Institute of Health’s NCCAM, as well as the great international organisations like WHO, can be cited
as examples. Following the lead of the Commonwealth, the UK and several European countries
recognize Ayurveda as a form of complementary medicine.
In India, there are half a million registered practitioners of Ayurveda. Indian Government has
created a department for AYUSH, which is actively promoting every aspect of its development.
Ayush means life, and Ayurveda means “Science of Life”. It is a beautiful terminology. Our
educational system includes two dedicated Ayurveda universities with both undergraduate and
post-graduate studies. There are also 200 Ayurvedic colleges training practitioners of all aspects
of Ayurveda. Also, if you look at the way things are marketed today in many countries, be it diet,
cosmetics, you will find they are marketed with Ayurvedic nuances.
4. 4
Building the “Golden Triangle”
As I said earlier, Ayurveda literally means, “science of life”. It dates long before the emergence
of life sciences, which have now become so fashionable with the students, who now-a-days make
a beeline towards courses in life sciences. But Ayurveda was the original science of life itself. It
encompasses the total sweep of life sciences, pursuing its quest for understanding life in all its
ramifications. It is truly holistic.
Ayurveda is possibly the earliest formal system of healthcare. It is not a mere compendium of
therapeutic recipes as many other systems tend to be; nor was it the first one to use herbs. Herbs
have been used from time immemorial. Ayurveda is one of the earliest frameworks which
systematized knowledge of health and healthcare. Its framework is not only self-consistent, but
also uses cause and effect arguments to correlate manifestations of sickness, its causes and its
treatments. When this framework was developed in ancient India – and I am very proud of this –
the notion of a molecule did not exist, nor was the cell and the role it plays in the life process
known. The discoveries of DNA and functional genomics lay more the 3000 years in the future, yet
in spite of all this Ayurveda offered effective treatments for many disorders, particularly those
with multiple causes. For some degenerative diseases, most Indians consider it to be the
treatment of last resort. There is a general belief that when all other treatments fail, Ayurveda
may still succeed, and it often does! We should be proud of this.
Ayurveda and Modern Science
The 20th century has revealed some of the greatest insights into our understanding of life at
successively higher levels of organization: molecules, sub-cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs,
organisms, species, and ecosystems. A remarkable feature of modern medicine is its close
integration with basic sciences, like physics, chemistry, and biology. For example, that new
frontier of modern medicine, gene therapy, would not have been possible if the structure of DNA
had not been known. That itself was made possible by structural elucidation achieved by x-ray
diffraction, that means physics. The contribution of modern physics to the elucidation of the
structure of DNA – and then gene Therapy is obvious.
This example illustrates how the connection between modern medicine and modern science
has always been strong, whereas that between modern science and traditional medicine has been
poor. This has resulted in a poor connection between modern medicine and traditional medicine.
That is why India can benefit enormously if we can build a Golden Triangle between Modern
Science, Modern Medicine and Traditional Medicine. I used the term, ‘Golden Triangle’, for the first
time at a meeting in Chitrakut, where I gave the valedictory address. I am very happy the term has
become so popular. Indeed, triangles are a popular concept in complementary medicine, but for
AYUSH, the Golden Triangle project is not merely a triangle, but a ‘Golden Triangle’ because it
presents a golden opportunity to bring these different systems together.
5. During the colonial period of world history, which was also a time of phenomenal growth in
science and technology, science was projected and accepted as an essential feature of western
civilization. An unfortunate, retrograde corollary was that modern scientific knowledge was seen
as an adversary of traditional wisdom and traditional knowledge: the two were considered
mutually exclusive. This was a regrettable syndrome, because it had the effect of belittling the
intellect and wisdom of the vast proportion of the world’s population, the heritage of the whole
human race.
I believe we need to remind ourselves of a profound statement made by Mahatma Gandhi. He
said “I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed, I want the
cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. Gandhiji implied that
our minds should be open and uninhibited. We should be open to new ideas and new thinking.
There should be no artificial boundaries, no walls or borders between different domains of
knowledge or their practitioners. That is why I am so happy to see the present confluence of these
different domains of knowledge, and their adherents.
Ayurvedic Research: Scientific Questions to Address
At the Science Congress that was at the Pune University Campus in 2000, I happened to be
the President. Nobel Laureate Professor Richard Ernst lectured on his work using the latest
advances and tools in high-resolution solid-state NMR. He gave indications on how an
understanding of the Chinese system of acupuncture at the molecular level was being reached. He
referred to papers in the Proceedings of the US National Academy of Science. You see, while
western scientists are scientifically probing the ancient practices of the East, our own Indian
research is invariably focused on the West’s left-over problems. That is unfortunate. It is a great
pity indeed. We need to change our ways.
As I have said, Ayurveda is the “Science of Life”. The period 600 B.C. to 800 A.D. has been called
the ‘Ayurvedic period’. At that time, developments in Ayurveda led to fundamental advances in
chemistry, and in our ancient forms of botany and zoology, as well as its own discipline of
medicine. Today, however, Ayurveda gets equated only with herbal products. That is not only
unfortunate, it is just plain wrong. It presents a vision of Ayurveda through the spectacles of
molecular medicine and pharmacology, and excludes the greater proportion of its substantial
scientific value. Dravyaguna, Ayurvedic knowledge of herbs, forms only a small part of the whole
system.
Similar to the way that Nobel laureate Richard Ernst was looking at Acupuncture and the
science behind it by probing with high resolution solid-state NMR, much of Ayurveda requires
fundamental physical investigation. For example, Ayurvedic etiology is couched in terms of the
concept of Dosha Prakriti, as are physician’s strategies of treatment. It is scientifically very
important to decide whether Prakriti has a genomic basis or if they are only phenotypes. We are
only beginning to address this question, and future developments may be very important, since
establishing a full scientific basis for Tridosha would be of utmost significance.
5
6. As Prof. Valiathan had so thoughtfully suggested, if we investigate Panchakarma, that powerful
tool to detoxify the body, does it alter the patient’s biological and immunological profiles? This has
not yet been investigated. Then there are the Rasayanas. What do they do? Do they accelerate the
repair of damaged DNA? Can any show improvements in mouse models of Alzheimer’s, such as
inhibition of beta-amyloid accumulation? These questions have not been addressed. There have
not been any studies on them; they are virgin territories, where the Indian scientists can make
major advances.
I would go as far as saying that just as we have cellular biology, molecular biology, and
structural biology, there must be an “Ayurvedic biology” that we should start talking about. I must
give credit to Dr. Valiathan for coining out with this phrase. The more I think about it, the more I
believe in it. What has India given to the rest of the world? Did we give cellular biology, molecular
biology, or structural biology? Did we give structural genomics, functional genomics, or
pharmacogenomics? No, but we can give ‘Ayurvedic biology’ and ‘Ayugenomics’ to the world.
6
CSIR Involvement: The New Initiatives
It makes me very happy to see that formal scientific systems that used to be averse to
traditional medicine are getting integrated nicely with it. When I was the Director General of CSIR,
I was very happy that we had instigated major programmes of research, which partner traditional
medicine, modern medicine and modern science. Getting the programme going was very tough.
I still remember my visit to Arya Vaidya Shala, Kottakal, where I went with Dr. Warrier to sign
our Memorandum of Understanding with CSIR, of which I was then the Director General. It took
us almost an year to get together. Dr. Warrier is a very great visionary and Dr. Valiathan managed
to bring us together. I well remember how, when we had signed the memorandum, Dr Valiathan
said, “This is a holy place for me, because there are two rivers meeting here. One is the river of
traditional knowledge, Arya Vaidya Shala, and the other is the river of modern knowledge
represented by CSIR.” “Sangam” is the word he used. I only wondered why it had taken so long for
this “Sangam” to take place, but now that it has done so, an unbelievable programme has
developed.
There are 19 CSIR laboratories, 21 universities, Arya Vaidya Shala and a whole range of people
working together. It has evolved into a great programme. Prof. R. Kumar, a legendary scholar and
leader from Indian Institute of Science is providing a leadership for this ‘Team India’ effort. The
CSIR programmes include identification of target therapeutic areas, discovery of active fractions,
molecular description of active fractions, understanding mechanisms of action, toxicological
studies, clinical trials, etc. A whole range of promising leads for new therapeutics are beginning to
emerge.
Science Based Ayurveda Products
We now have an opportunity to create new products that are science-based Ayurvedic
products, see four different types of use. First, those to be used for minor ailments like dysphagia,
7. unpleasant taste, anorexia, etc. Secondly, the other ones that is more specific products like
detoxifiers, toners, resistance builders, and rejuvenators for longevity. Both these sets of
preparations are likely to be available over-the-counter, OTC.
Thirdly, those for support therapy where the therapeutics may be administered together with
allopathic preparations. Traditional medicines may even partially replace allopathic ones.
These will most probably be prescribed by existing medical practitioners, who will be using
combo-therapy to take advantage of the synergy between the two sets of preparations for
patients’ overall benefit. In combo-therapy, use can be made of bio-enhancers, detoxifiers, toners,
and specific therapeutic agents to accelerate recovery. Similar use may also be made of them at
hospitals based on the existing systems. With time, such combo-therapy may become acceptable
not just in India, but universally.
7
Questions of Toxicity and Mechanism
In addition to molecularly defined, and mechanistically understood, non-toxic herbal fractions
containing only a few molecules, there are other important preparations, which are unique to
Ayurveda: the bhasmas, which are made from mixtures of metals or minerals. Most are
traditionally calcined in sealed earthen containers by burning cow dung cakes, or else in furnaces.
The final products are fine powders about 50 microns, or less in diameter. They use elements like
lead, tin, iron, arsenic etc. Nearly 10% of Ayurvedic products are bhasmas, I understand.
Most of the elements used in these preparations have been classified in standard scientific
textbooks as toxic. For example, lead in any concentration is described as toxic; not only that, it is
known to accumulate in various tissues. Bhasmas, however, are considered fast acting healing
agents and are used quite freely, particularly Siddha preparations. No toxic effects have
apparently been reported from them; but to make them internationally acceptable, it will not only
be necessary to show that they are efficacious and non-toxic, but also to define their
physicochemical characteristics by accurate scientific measures. In this regard, the work being
done at the National Chemical Laboratory by Dr. Rajiv Kumar is pioneering. He is looking at what
is happening in bhasmas at the atomic and molecular levels. Very interesting findings are coming
out.
My last question is: How do we get more and more outstanding scientists such as Dr. Rajiv
Kumar interested in this? Let me remind you that Dr. Rajiv Kumar, till the other day, was busy
developing catalysts for Indian and international companies. Today, his mind is engaged in these
issues that interface the tradition and the modernity. Therefore, the first need is to expose our
best minds and our best scientists to the accumulated wisdom of Indian systems of medicine,
including Ayurveda. There is no doubt that there are enormous opportunities for doing focussed,
basic-cum-applied research. Mechanisms need to be elucidated in such areas as actions of
bhasmas, detoxification, reversal of ageing and bio-enhancers and how molecular synergism
occurs. All these offer great scientific challenges. All are going to be very valuable.
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Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
It is also important to protect our traditional knowledge. I remember fighting the turmeric
battle and Basmati battle. Wrong patents were given by the patent office in United States. We
fought these battles and won them. But we do not have to fight them again and again, if we use
modern technology to digitise traditional knowledge. This is the effort that CSIR has launched in
partnership with the Department of Ayush in Central Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. We
have created a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library. This is a knowledge repository of the
traditional knowledge. The objective of this library is to protect the ancient and traditional
knowledge of the country. The idea is to avoid bio-piracy and unethical patents.
Data on 65,000 formulations in Ayurveda, 70,000 in Unani and 3,000 Siddha have been put in
the TKDL. TKDL is available in five languages – English, German, French, Spanish and Japanese.
Some more Unani and Sidha formulations and 1,500 postures in yoga remain to be included. The
entire process is expected to be completed by December, 2008.
Conditional access to international patent offices of TKDL will ensure that they become aware
of our knowledge base, realise that this is prior art, and not grant wrong patents anymore. We do
not have to fight turmeric and Basmati type of battles anymore.
Future Agenda
Great visionaries such as Dr. Valiathan and Prof. Kumar, who really represented modern
medicine and modern science, are helping us to build a bridge of these with traditional medicine.
They are laying an ambitious agenda.
What should be the new agenda? First, encourage clinical research in Ayurvedic
institutions. Second, create a complete Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia thousands of products. Third,
create an effective surveillance system like the post market surveillance systems. This would
include providing support from modern laboratories spread all over India. Fourth, we must carry
out multi-centric trials of Ayurvedic biology. Fifth and the last, we must establish a presence in
international scientific journals. We must have a very strong presence in the world’s scientific
journals.
Then there is another challenge linked with new Institution building. We first built IIT’s i.e.
Indian Institutes of Technology. We already have IIM’s i.e. Indian Institutes of Management. Then
we built IIIT’s i.e. International Institutes of Information Technology. We have heard recently
about building several more IITs, IIMs and IIITs. What else should we be building? What we
should now focus on is IIIM’s. What is an IIIM? An International Institute of Integrative Medicine:
that is where our great strength is. We should create and demonstrate to the rest of the world our
own power, what it is, and where it lies.
Final Challenge
The bigger battles of integrating knowledge and innovation systems must be continuously
fought. Prof. Anil Gupta is leading a great movement of National Innovation Foundation to give a
voice to the grassroots innovators such as local artisans, craftsmen, farmers, etc. His Honeybee
9. network experiment is a great movement today. The problem is that their technologies and
innovations are never included in the fabric of modern technology. Again a change of mindset and
value systems is required. I tried an experiment in Pune during the Indian Science Congress in
January 2000. As President of the Science Congress, I said let this Science Congress be ‘knowledge
congress’. Let it be ‘people’s congress’. We will show that we value people’s knowledge.
We had several grassroots innovators participate in our science exhibition. They
demonstrated their technologies. None of them spoke English. We had a session, where they made
a presentation on their technologies in local languages to around 2000 scientists. They stood on
the same platform from which the Nobel Laureates spoke. I must say that they got a bigger
applause than even the Nobel Laureates. I believe the scientists, for the first time, realised the
power of innovation that takes place in the field. They also saw the innovative and creative
abilities of those, who were unadulterated by the modern day educational system.
Can this realisation now turn to respect and then to meaningful partnership? I believe it
can. India has to show the way to synthesise a new Indian Knowledge and Innovation Systems,
which has the confluence of the old and the new, the traditional and the modern and those who
work in modern laboratories and those, who work in laboratories of life.
Padma Vibhushan Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, Former Director-General of CSIR, delivering the Sixth
Bharat Ratna Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture on 20 August, 2007 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall),
Tirupati, under the aegis of AGRASRI.
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