The document provides information on several Native American tribes that historically inhabited different regions of Texas, including the Kiowa, Caddo, Coahuiltecan, and Comanche tribes. It describes the location, food sources, economic activities, housing, clothing, and forms of government for each tribe. Additional details are given on three tribes still present in Texas today: the Alabama-Coushatta, Kickapoo, and Tigua tribes, including where they are located, their traditional clothing, main crops grown, protein sources, and religious/cultural practices.

1. Texas Native Americans

2. Kiowa TribeLocation: Live in the Great Plains Region just north of AmarilloFood: Buffalo was important. Also, antelope, jackrabbits, prairie dogs, coyotes & wolvesEconomics/Trading: Traded meat & skins for corn, squash & beansShelter: Lived in Tipis (tepees)Clothing: Men wore breechcloths & deerskin moccasins. Women wore dresses, leggings & moccasins.Government: Male dominant society where men were in control. 6 societies that the men belonged to & each society ruled something different.

3. Kiowa Tribe

4. Caddo TribeLocation: Coastal Plains Region in east Texas.Economics/Trading: Traded with the French, but decided to align with the Spanish when French began trading with Caddo’s enemies.Food: Farmers who planted maize (corn), five/six varieties of beans, squash, sunflowers, melons, pumpkins & tobacco. Also ate meat from buffalo, deer & bear. Picked berries, nuts, figs & cherries.Shelter: Grass Hut or Mound homesClothing: Tanners of deerskin. Men wore breechcloths & shirts. Women wore sleeveless blouses & breechcloths under deerskin skirts.Government: They had religious leaders & each village had a main leader known as a Chief. Chief led with a small group of other tribe members.

5. Caddo Tribe

6. Coahuiltecan TribeLocation: Coastal Plains Region from Galveston Bay to San AntonioEconomics/Trading: Nomadic tribe that often wandered from place to place for survival.Shelter: Brush lodge (portable domed huts)or lean-toFood: Roamed to search for food. Ate fish, pecans, catcus, mequite beans & roots of plants. Hunted deer, javelina (hog) & small mammals.Clothing: Men wore breechcloths to their knees & women wore short skirts of soft skins. Wore fiber sandals & cloaks made of coyote hides.Government: Lived in small bands where the Shaman or religious leaders (medicine men) lead bands & helped the sick people.

7. Coahuiltecan Tribe

8. Comanche TribeLocation: High Plains into North Central Plains. South of the panhandle to west TexasEconomics/Trading: Learned from the Spanish to master horsemen who owned many horses to use during a hunt or warShelter: Tipis (tepees)Food: Hunted buffalo on horseback. Also hunted elk, black bears, antelope, deer & wild horses if really hungry. Gathered wild plants, fruits, berries, prickly pear fruit, pecans, acorns & roots.Clothing: buffalo hide & deerskin used for clothing. Men wore breechcloths & women wore long sleeved deerskin dresses with fringe. Robes & high boots were worn in the winter.Government: Comanche had chiefs to make decisions & solve problems. A council also helped make decisions

9. Comanche Tribe

10. Location of all Texas Native American Tribes

11. Tribes Still Present in TexasAlabama-CoushattaLocated in East Texas near Woodville in Polk County, has a reputation of being friendly, peaceful people, both men & women were fully clothed wearing colorful shirts, pants & moccasins, mostly farmers & their main crop was maize (corn) raised cattle, horses & hogs, As of 1990, the population of the Alabama-Coushatta tribe was 571.

12. KickapooLocated in Eagle Pass in South Texas, they were hunters more than famers & often migrated to survive, men wore cotton shirts, buckskin leggings & moccasins, women wore full skirts, loose blouses & moccasins, they ate deer, elk & bear, crops that were grown were corn, beans & squash, important to the Kickapoo religion were medicine bundles or sacred packs. Each continued a secret or mysterious object that was special to the tribe. As of 1990, the population of the Kickapoo tribe was 790.

13. TiguaLocated near El-Paso, grew cotton to make clothes. Men wore breechcloths & women wore dresses & moccasins, Tiguas were farmers who dug irrigation ditches to get water from the Rio Grande, corn, beans, squash & melons were their main crops. Rabbits were hunted & fish were caught, when they moved to Texas they brought a statue of the matron saint: Saint Anthony, Tigua’s celebrate St. Anthony’s feast day every June 13th , Corn dances were a 4 day celebration that included speeches, prayers, music, games, children were baptized by holy water & their lost teeth were thrown at the sun because they believed the sun helped everything grow.