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Native Americans Of Texas
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- 2. §113.6. Social Studies,Grade 4. (b) Knowledge and skills. (1) History. The student understands the similarities and differences of Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere before European exploration. The student is expected to: (A) identify Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere before European exploration and describe the regions in which they lived; and (B) compare the ways of life of Native-American groups in Texas and the Western Hemisphere before European exploration.
- 3. Tonkawa Kiowa Witchita Tigua Jumanos Comanche Apaches
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- 5. APPEARANCE DWELLINGS Men wore breechcloths women The Tonkawas lived in wore short skirts. scattered villages in central Both wore long earrings, and Texas. necklaces of shells, bones and Shelters were made of brush feathers. FOOD Both parted hair in middle, the Ate just about anything men tied beaver fur around including; spiders, ant eggs, their braids. worms, lizards, and rotten CUSTOMS wood. Didn’t name their babies until A special treat was cooked fish they were several years old. that was left out in the open for Method of discipline was to 8 days with swarms of insects throw water on an offender. on them.
- 6. APPEARANCE DWELLINGS Darker skin, short, stocky, and Tepee- Made of buffalo hides thick through the chest sewn together and painted Men had short hair on the right with designs. Placed over a side and long on the left. number of poles to form a Women had long hair usually cone. braided. Both tattooed and painted their bodies. Men wore only a breechcloth and moccasins, Women wore a CUSTOMS deerskin dress and moccasins. The Kiowa woman made the Food family tepee. Buffalo, antelope, jackrabbits, The men decorated the prairie dogs, coyotes and finished tepees, painting them wolves. to match a warrior’s shield.
- 7. APPEARANCE DWELLINGS Painted and tattooed much of Lived in grass huts. their visible part of their Each hut had one circular room bodies. about fifteen to thirty feet in Men and women wore long diameter. hair, either loose or in braids. Two families lived in one hut. Men wore breechcloths and Smaller huts were used as moccasins resting, working and storage Women wore deerskin skirts places. and moccasins CUSTOMS FOOD When deciding to marry the Corn was their favorite. suitor left a gift of venison at Beans, melons, pumpkins, the door of a girls home. If the tobacco, and squash, wild parents took the offering the berries, nuts, figs and honey. marriage was granted and the groom lived with the brides parents
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- 9. They livedin southwest part of America. This part of America was arid.
- 10. They created houses out of clay that looked like apartments and they had houses of sticks. They also created their own irrigation system.
- 11. • Their namemeans “enemy”. • Their traditional language was Atheabaskan language. More interesting fact
- 12. Lived inthe Great Plains But followed the buffalo all across Central North America
- 13. They depended on the buffalo for their survival. Food Clothing Portable housing Weapons and tools
- 14. Their from of government was democratic. It was a in groups and the each group was led by a chief. They were also known for how well they handled horses. More information Kids stuff
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- 16. Appeared in Spanish records around 1500- 1700 C.E., then disappeared. Nothing remains of their language to tell where they came from or where they went. In 1700s, the Apache cut off the Jumano trade routes, when they advanced south. Some may have joined the Apache Jumano Indians disappeaed long before white settlers arrived.
- 17. THERE WERETWO JUMANO GROUPS IN TEXAS. ONE GROUP FARMED ON THE RIO GRANDE, SOUTH OF EL PASO. THEY LIVED IN TEPEES AND HAD ADOBE HOUSES ALONG THE RIO GRAND.
- 18. CORN The horizontal stripes on their DRIED SQUASHES faces made the Jumano easy to recognize as they approached BEANS their trading partners. MESQUITE BEANS Through trade, they also CLOTH supplied Spanish goods and TURQUOISE horses to other tribes. UNUSUAL FEATHERS PIGMENTS SHELLS SALT FOR HIDES MEAT AND OTHER BISON PRODUCTS.
- 19. They establishedthe Ysleta del Sur, “little island of the south”, which is a suburb of El Paso. Rio Grande cut a new channel in 1830, making Ysleta del Sur an Island. Ysleta del Sur became part of the United States under the terms of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican War. The Tigua have been living in the region of Texas for over 300 years.
- 20. Today, there is a tribal center at Ysleta has shops that sell Tigua crafts, and dancers perform. Men wear colorful jackets trimmed in calico fringe. Women wear costumes adopted during the Spanish period.
- 21. TRIBE LOCATION POPULATION LANGUAGE FAMILY TONKAWA Plains of central and 1690 –1600 Tonkawan south central Texas 1990 – 20 KIOWA TX Panhandle, north of 1905– 1,195 Kiowa-Tanoan Amarillo 1990-- 468 WITCHITA Along Brazos River near 1818– 800 Caddoan present-day Waco, TX 1990-- 87 APACHES West-central Texas 1690– 500 Athapascan plains 1990-- 7 COMANCHES Texas Panhandle south 1700– 20,000 Shoshonean to western TX 1990– 1,478 TIGUA Present day El Paso, TX 1630—18,400 Kiowa-Tanoan 1990--761 JUMANOS Rio Grande Valley from 1582– 10,000 Apache, Spanish, or El Paso downstream to 1900– 0 Caddoan the Mexican Rio Conchos
- 23. What part ofTexas did the Witchita live? Near present Near present Near present day Waco day Dallas day Houston
- 24. What was the;main source of food, shelter , and tools for the Comanche tribe? Deer Buffalos Horses
- 25. How was the population of the tribes effected after the Europeans came? Stayed the Went Up Went down same
- 26. What was afavored treat by the Tonkawa tribe? Cooked fish that Buffalo was left out for 8 Roasted corn days
- 27. In 1900 which tribe was completely gone? Jumano Apache Tigua
- 28. http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/sat-ii-us-history- discovering-early-explorers-of-t.navId- 323321.html?print=true http://www.comanchelanguage.org/Comanche%20History.h tm Baldridge, Carol. Texas Indians Fact Cards. Berkeley: Toucan Valley Publications, 1997. Wade, Mary Dodson. Texas Native Peoples (State Studies- Texas). Chicago: Heinemann, 2003.