An Introduction to Network Codes (April 2014)ENTSO-E
Network codes are sets of rules which apply to one or more parts of the energy sector. The need for them was identified during the course of developing the Third Energy Package. More specifically, Regulation (EC) 714/2009 sets out the areas in which network codes will be developed and a process for developing them.
This is an overview on ENTSO-E’s network code work: the process of developing network codes, the content and level of development of each code, and how these different codes will fit together when implemented.
The Policy and Regulatory Framework for Renewable EnergyMirzo Ibragimov
On 5-6 December, Tashkent hosted a workshop on renewable energy (RE) policy development jointly organized by the Government of Uzbekistan and the World Bank Group (WBG) in partnership with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The presentation was delivered during the above-mentioned event.
An Introduction to Network Codes (April 2014)ENTSO-E
Network codes are sets of rules which apply to one or more parts of the energy sector. The need for them was identified during the course of developing the Third Energy Package. More specifically, Regulation (EC) 714/2009 sets out the areas in which network codes will be developed and a process for developing them.
This is an overview on ENTSO-E’s network code work: the process of developing network codes, the content and level of development of each code, and how these different codes will fit together when implemented.
The Policy and Regulatory Framework for Renewable EnergyMirzo Ibragimov
On 5-6 December, Tashkent hosted a workshop on renewable energy (RE) policy development jointly organized by the Government of Uzbekistan and the World Bank Group (WBG) in partnership with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The presentation was delivered during the above-mentioned event.
The role of the regulator in the transformation of the electricity sectorSustainableEnergyAut
Commissioner Aoife MacEvilly, Commission for Regulation of Utilities presents on the role of the regulator in the transformation of the electricity sector (Presentation delivered at the inaugural National Energy Research and Policy Conference in Dublin, Nov 2019)
This workshop will focus on how this new tool supports innovation in the energy transition and on analysing the innovative experimentation tools available and their application in Europe. A round table with regulatory authorities, companies, and research centres will provide leads on the relevance of Energy Regulatory Sandboxes to facilitate the market launch of innovations helpful to move towards a decarbonized economy. This Workshop runs as part of the European cooperation TR@NSNET project.
This presentation by Albania was made during the break-out Session 3, “Techniques and evidence for assessing predatory pricing, margin squeeze and exploitative abuses” in the discussion “Economic analysis and evidence in abuse cases” held at the 20th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eac.
RE-DELAYS: Documenting and analising the cost of regulatory delaysIEA_RETD
IEA-RETD investigated the costs of regulatory delays for the growth and economic potential of the renewable energy industry. Key recommendations from the RE-DELAYS project are:
• Streamline the regulatory processes by creating a one stop shop with simplified rules for applications.
• Increase accountability for decision making processes at the regulatory/governmental level, for example in the form of pre-determined fines associated with not achieving set milestones.
• Link the level of incentive such as FIT to delay.
• Define clear procedures and cost impact assessment of appeal processes.
• Inform the public about benefits and risks of RE and encourage consultative mechanisms to share concerns.
The project was carried out by 3E together with London Economics International LLC (LEI).
Many remote areas and islands (RAI) are deploying renewable energy (RE), some with ambitious plans to meet 100% of their electricity or even final energy needs with renewables. For most of them, roof-top PV systems offer clear advantages but most of their deployment potential still remains largely untapped. The setup of consistent prosumer policies can provide a means to achieve the islands’ objectives faster and with lower costs to society.
This report provides guidance to policy makers on the drivers, opportunities, challenges and implementation strategies of PV prosumer policies that can be considered within a comprehensive renewable energy strategy for RAI. It is based on the frameworks and methodologies developed on the IEA-RETD publications RE-PROSUMERS (2014) and REMOTE (2012).
The preliminary results were presented at the IRENA Island conference in Martinique in July 2015, see presentation slides.
Ontario’s 2017 Long-Term Energy Plan was issued on October 26, 2017. This presentation provides an update on the following:
1.Overview of the LTEP Process
2.Demand and Electricity GHG Emissions Outlook
3.Key LTEP Themes
4.LTEP Conservation Initiatives
LTEP implementation and amending directives
LTEP next steps
5.Other Initiatives of Interest to MTR AG
Net metering
EEI Strategic Issues Forum - Integration of DER: California and New YorkScottMadden, Inc.
Cristin Lyons, partner and grid transformation practice leader at ScottMadden, recently presented, "Integration of DER: California and New York," at the EEI Strategic Issues Form.
California and New York are leading the country in integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER); however, their approaches are different. It’s worth understanding some of the nuances of their respective proceedings and to clarify what they are (and are not) trying to accomplish. Each will provide unique lessons to both utilities and regulators that are attempting to integrate ever-increasing amounts of DER.
For more information, please visit www.scottmadden.com.
The Challenge of Stimulating, Funding, Implementing and Regulating National R...Caribbean Development Bank
A presentation to the Barbados Association of Professional Engineers at their seminar '100% Renewable by 2030?'
presented by Joseph Williams, Head (ag.) Renewable Energy/Energy Efficiency Unit,
Caribbean Development Bank
Regulatory Innovation Zones for Smart Energy NetworksLeonardo ENERGY
European RD&I Demonstration activities related to smart grids are key to test and validate the functionalities of new products and services in controlled but real environment. However, being the grid sector regulated the development and validation of innovative solutions is often slowed down.
Energy Transition needs innovation acceleration. Many of the changes needed are related to evolving relationship between the different energy stakeholders. Two main drivers foster innovation in the energy sector: demonstration and regulation. Demonstration enables to test new products and services in real environment, to fine-tune them and to measure their real impact; regulation defines the framework and the technical and economic relations between the different agents operating in the energy sector.
In this context, Regulatory Innovation Zones for Smart Energy Networks (or “Innovation Sandboxes”) are an opportunity to close that gap, speeding-up market uptake, while enabling European Regulatory Bodies to test various temporary schemes and mechanisms without modifying the regulatory framework.
This presentation by Australia was made during the discussion “Independent sector regulators and competition” held at the 68th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 2 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/isrc.
Similar to tew (12.10.18) - Regulation of natural monopolies & competitive energy markets (20)
Незважаючи на те, що поняття “енергетичної бідності” (energy poverty) не має визначеної кваліфікації у правовому полі ЄС, проблема, з якою її зазвичай асоціюють, присутня у кожній з країн-членів.
В Україні поняття енергетичної бідності так само не є формалізованим і сталим, однак саме явище, на жаль, від цього не менш нагальне. Численні соціологічні опитування засвідчують, що оплата комунальних платежів, включаючи послуги з центрального опалення, постачання газу та електроенергії, є істотною проблемою для більшості населення країни, а отримувачі субсидій на оплату житлово-комунальних послуг на початок 2019 року складали приголомшливі 65% домогосподарств.
Робота також містить практичні рекомендації щодо вдосконалення системи соціального захисту проти енергетичної бідності в Україні. Зокрема, експерти радять врегулювати поняття «вразливих споживачів» на законодавчому рівні та сформувати цілісну концепцію боротьби з енергетичною бідністю.
Ця публікація була розроблена за сприяння Європейського Союзу в рамках Ініціативи EU4Energy та за підтримки Міжнародного фонду «Відродження» у рамках Проекту “Збільшення впливу ромадянського суспільства у моніторингу та політичному діалозі щодо реформ в енергетиці та суміжних секторах відповідно до імплементації Угоди про Асоціацію”.
За зміст цієї публікації несуть відповідальність Громадська організація «ДІКСІ ГРУП», а також Громадянська мережа «ОПОРА», Всеукраїнська громадська організація «Енергетична Асоціація України», Ресурсно-аналітичний центр «Суспільство і довкілля», Асоціація «Європейсько-Українське енергетичне агентство». Зміст цієї публікації не жодним чином не відображає точку зору Європейського Союзу та/або Міжнародного фонду «Відродження».
Results of the Quantitative Public Opinion Poll of the USAID Transparent Ener...Денис Киркач
This study was made possible through the support of the American people, provided through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The opinions expressed in this work are solely the responsibility of DiXi Group and in no circumstances may be considered as representing the position of the USAID or the U.S. Government.
Дослідження для проекту USAID «Прозора енергетика» проведено GfK Ukraine з 9 червня до 5 липня 2018 року в усіх регіонах України за винятком Криму та окупованих територій Донецької та Луганської областей. Опитано 3856 респондентів віком від 18 років. Максимально можлива похибка вибірки складає 1,6%. Також проведено 13 глибинних інтерв'ю з представниками експертного і бізнес середовища.
Виконання цього дослідження стало можливим завдяки підтримці американського народу, наданій через Агентство США з міжнародного розвитку (USAID).
Думки, викладені в цій роботі, є виключною відповідальністю DiXi Group і за жодних обставин не можуть розглядатися як такі, що відображають позицію USAID чи Уряду США.
20 грудня на голосування в першому читанні у ВРУ виноситься законопроект 8449-д («Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України відносно забезпечення конкурентних умов виробництва електричної енергії з альтернативних джерел енергії»).
Нагадаємо, що 4 грудня 2018 року доопрацьований законопроект 8449-д було схвалено Комітетом з питань ПЕК – з рекомендацією прийняти його за основу.
This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union in the framework of the EU4Energy Initiative and with the support of the International Renaissance Foundation. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of NGO "DIXI GROUP", as well as Civil Network "OPORA", All-Ukrainian NGO
"Energy Association of Ukraine", Resource & Analysis Center "Society and Environment", Association "European-Ukrainian Energy Agency", and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union and/or the International Renaissance Foundation.
The publication is also issued within the framework of the Think Tank Development Initiative in Ukraine, implemented by the International Renaissance Foundation in partnership with the Open Society Initiative for Europe (OSIFE) with the financial support of the Embassy of Sweden to Ukraine. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of NGO "DiXi Group" and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Embassy of Sweden in Ukraine, International Renaissance Foundation and Open Society Initiative for Europe (OSIFE)
This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union in
the framework of the EU4Energy Initiative and with the support of the International
Renaissance Foundation. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility
of NGO "DIXI GROUP", as well as Civil Network "OPORA", All-Ukrainian NGO
"Energy Association of Ukraine", Resource & Analysis Center "Society and Environment",
Association "European-Ukrainian Energy Agency", and can under no
circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union and/or
the International Renaissance Foundation.
The publication is also issued within the framework of the Think Tank Development
Initiative in Ukraine, implemented by the International Renaissance Foundation in
partnership with the Open Society Initiative for Europe (OSIFE) with the financial
support of the Embassy of Sweden to Ukraine. The contents of this publication are
the sole responsibility of NGO "DiXi Group" and do not necessarily reflect the
position of the Embassy of Sweden in Ukraine, International Renaissance Foundation
and Open Society Initiative for Europe (OSIFE).
On Sunday, November 25, 2018, Russia has seized three Ukrainian naval ships off the coast of Russia-annexed Crimea. After ramming into, fire was opened on Ukrainian ships, as the result of which six sailors were wounded, and all crew members – as reported, 24 persons - were taken as prisoners of war.
DiXi Group prepared the infographics about the Law 6229 ‘On ensuring transparency in extractive industries’. The main purpose of infographics is to tell about how this law works briefly and accessibly.
This Law defines the legal framework for the regulation and organization of
collection, disclosure, and dissemination of information to ensure transparency and
corruption prevention in extractive industries in Ukraine.
This Law is aimed at fulfilling Ukraine’s international obligations concerning its
accession to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and implementing
the European Union’s legislative acts with respect to increasing business transparency
in extractive industries, namely Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and
of the Council on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements
and related reports of certain types of undertakings, amending Directive 2006/43/
EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives
78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC, and Directive 2013/50/EU of the European Parliament
and of the Council amending Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council on the harmonization of transparency requirements in relation to
information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated
market, Directive 2003/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the
prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to
trading and Commission Directive 2007/14/EC laying down detailed rules for the
implementation of certain provisions of Directive 2004/109/EC.
DiXi Group підготувала серію інфографік за мотивами Закону «Про забезпечення прозорості у видобувних галузях». Їх завданням є донести до якомога більшої частини населення основні положення нормативно-правового акту.
Нагадаємо, що Закон «Про забезпечення прозорості у видобувних галузях» було прийнято 18 вересня 2018 року.
On June 7, 2018, Members of Parliament Oleksandr Dombrovsky and Lev Pidlysetskii submitted a draft law "On Amendments to the Laws of Ukraine on Ensuring Competitive Conditions for the Production of Electricity from Alternative Energy Sources" (No. 8449).
During the next two weeks seven more alternative bills of authorship of various parliamentary groups were introduced to parliament, some of the parliamentarians signed up to more than one text. 5 draft laws unite deputies from different political factions, and 3 others - with sole authorship. The authors of 7 of the 8 bills propose the introduction of state support for RES on the basis of auctions.
The details for a new state support scheme were discussed in August-September 2018 within several working groups, with active involvement of DiXi Group analysts. After the discussion process stalled, several industry associations signed a joint memorandum on 30th of October on key positions they support to be stipulated in the new Law.
The DiXi Group experts analyzed all draft laws and changes proposed by the parliamentarians. The analytical report describes the positive aspects of the bills, identifies the potential risks and contains suggestions on how to reduce them.
The publication is issued within the framework of the Think Tank Development Initiative for Ukraine, implemented by the International Renaissance Foundation in partnership with the Open Society Initiative for Europe (OSIFE) with the fnancial support of the Embassy of Sweden to Ukraine.
Методичні рекомендації для проведення аудиту даних державних органів владиДенис Киркач
Експерти DiXi Group починаючи з осені 2017 року, в рамках аудиту даних Міненерговугілля, допомагають фахівцям відомства з організацією збору і оприлюдненням даних у форматі відкритих даних (open data). З наборами даних можна ознайомитись на Порталі відкритих даних або на веб-порталі Міненерговугілля.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
tew (12.10.18) - Regulation of natural monopolies & competitive energy markets
1. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 1
REGULATION OF NATURAL MONOPOLIES
& COMPETITIVE ENERGY MARKETS –
A FOCUS ON TRANSPARENCY
Michael Biddison
Energy Market & Institutional/Regulatory Advisor
USAID Energy Security Project in Ukraine
Michael.Biddison@tetratech.com
M: +380 97 630 9230
2. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 2
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
I. REGULATORY DEFINITIONS & TERMINOLOGY
– REGULATORY TRANSPARENCY
– ENERGY NATURAL MONOPOLIES
– TYPES OF ENERGY COMMODITIES
– COMPETITIVE ENERGY MARKET COMMODITIES
II. TRANSPARENCY CHALLENGES IN ENERGY NATURAL MONOPOLY REGULATION
III. TRANSPARENT REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF COMPETITIVE ENERGY MARKETS
IV. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
4. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 4
TRANSPARENCY*
• The state in which all relevant data & information is fully & freely available to the public
• Transparent markets are desirable because they lead to greater efficiency
• Laws & regulations exist in most jurisdictions encouraging or mandating transparency
• The perceived quality of intentionally shared information from a sender
• It implies openness, communication & accountability
• Transparency requires civic engagement across the public sector
• A theoretical condition required for a free market to be efficient
• Management actions & approaches that radically increase openness
*Openness, translucence, clarity
5. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 5
ENERGY NATURAL MONOPOLIES
• An economic term that describes any market situation where the conditions lead to just one firm supplying a
product or service, versus more open competition
• High barriers to entry – capital intensity (ratio of capital investment to revenues) & substantial investment in
fixed assets (relative to variable costs)
• Relationship between demand & technology of supply, whereby duplication of the system is incurred at great
cost & will provide for lower margins
• Energy natural monopoly regulation is necessary to ensure:
o Satisfactory performance
o Controls over profits
o Specific pricing & tariff rates
o Quality of service & supply
o Extensions & abandonment of service & plant
o Even permission to enter the business at all (license requirements)
• The classic example is a licensed electric utility in a geographic service territory
6. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 6
TYPES OF ENERGY COMMODITIES
• Natural gas molecules
• Energy & power
• Gas pipeline capacity
• Electricity wireline capacity
• Gas storage capacity (depleted reservoirs, salt caverns, LNG facilities, etc.)
• Electricity storage capacity (batteries, peak load & demand response power
generation plants)
• Other (ancillary services & functions)
7. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 7
COMPETITIVE ENERGY COMMODITY MARKETS
• Markets are created when competition between & amongst providers truly exists in the
trade of commodity energy services & supplies in a disciplined & well-defined effective &
efficient manner
o Requires both financial & volumetric balancing & settlements
o Level playing field & open access with all entrants & participants
o No discrimination – no market dominance tendencies
o Provides customer empowerment & customer choices for supplies & services
o Efficient & effective energy commodities can translate to lower market prices
o Greater market demand can create energy security & reliable energy supplies
• Variations of energy commodity markets
o Day-ahead, real-time, spot, forward, futures, market exchanges, options, swaps
o Firm vs interruptible
8. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 8
II.TRANSPARENCY CHALLENGES IN ENERGY
NATURAL MONOPOLY REGULATION
9. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 9
THE REGULATOR’S DOCTRINE
• Transparency & openness
• Quasi-judicial proceedings
• Fairness & balance
• Reasonableness & objectivity
• Consistent & predictable
• Gradualism & moderation
• Docketed cases drive regulatory proceedings
• Regulatory decisions are based on the case docket record
• Creative & visionary outlook for regulatory improvements
• Pricing & cost awareness
• Technology advancements
10. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 10
INDEPENDENT REGULATORY DECISIONS
• All energy regulatory Commissions are driven by defined processes &
procedures – based on laws, rules, regulations, policies & mechanisms
– Starts with the filings in the docketed proceedings
– Follows formal transparent path to arrive at Commission decisions
• Decisions are derived democratically by a majority vote of Commissioners
• Decisions are only made publicly – Commission public hearings
• Decisions can be categorized as Orders, Resolutions, Directives,
Procedures, Processes – decisions must be signed & fully explained
• Open cases cannot be discussed without ‘open sunshine’ (ex-parte laws)
11. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 11
PROCEDURAL REGULATORY STEPS
• Pre-filing meeting between utility &
regulator before case is filed in a docket
• Docket filings (tariff & other) – public
utilities, stakeholders, Commissioners
• Filings reviewed & considered – schedule
procedures for the case within 30-60 days
• Notice of proceeding & opening of record
by the Commission
• Interrogatories & data requests are filed in
the docket
• Filed testimony in the docket by expert legal
& technical witnesses
• Evidentiary & technical hearings – parties
cross examine & build the record
• Public hearings – open to the public & held
within the service territory
• Rebuttal testimony – on issues within the
docketed case
• Settlements & stipulations – can be
accepted throughout the process
• Commission orders – draft, final, findings of
fact & law
• Appeals to courts – constitutional, statutory,
procedural
12. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 12
COMMISSION DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
= The minimum steps to assure public transparency
Submit application
to Commission
Docketing
Department
Commission
sets & publishes
the hearing
schedule
Pre-hearing to
identify parties,
clarify issues, & set
comment schedule
Parties file
comments
& testimony
Parties review filings
& submit rebuttal
responses
Prehearing
Hearing
Post Hearing
Public
hearing
Written draft decision
addressing all issues &
comments
Chairman and Commissioners
debate & vote on decision
Decision is decided &
announced publicly
Initial appeal to Commission. If denied,
Parties can appeal to courts
Courts can deny appeal or order
Commission to reconsider
decision within legal framework
Technical
Hearing
13. 10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 13
EXAMPLES OF MAJOR CASE DOCKET CATEGORIES
• Tariff rate design and pricing
mechanisms
• Fuel cost adjustments
• Information gathering and forums
• Health & safety matters
• Customer service concerns
• Filing of annual reports
• Non-compliance of Licensees
• Enforcement proceedings
• Environmental issues
• Proposed rules, regulations, policies
& procedures
• Emergency situations & conditions
• Applications for Licenses
• Findings & recommendations
• Public outreach & media campaigns
• Energy security issues
• Corruption & self-dealings
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OPEN ACCESS TO COMMISSION RECORDS & DOCKETED CASES
• Access of the public & stakeholders to docketed data & information
• Annual & other financial reports of utilities
• Tariff rate case filings
• Commission studies and reports
• Maps and other information
• Balancing openness and security concerns
• All commission decisions must be supported by the record with proper
notice & due process
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ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITIES
• Manage licensing applications & procedures
• Initiate codes of conduct
• Mandate quality of services & supply standards
• Carry-out public relations & public outreach campaigns
• Ensure transparency & open communications
• Provide for independent & transparent regulatory decisions based on
materials filed within the docket
• Ensure compliance to natural monopoly & competitive commodity market
laws, rules, regulations, policies & license requirements
• Conduct docketed cases according to regulatory procedures
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III. TRANSPARENT REGULATORY OVERSIGHT
OF COMPETITIVE ENERGY MARKETS
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CUSTOMER EMPOWERMENT & CUSTOMER CHOICE
• Competitive commodity markets drive opportunities to choose suppliers,
prices & types of services
• Automation, embedded intelligence, smart technologies & small scale
resource innovations support the energy marketplace
• Distributed assets are cost-competitive with old "economies of scale"
centralized production models – allows for variations in customer supplies
• Advances environmental & conservation concerns through customer choice
of electric power generation (demand of RE generation & usage)
• Provides market information on performance standards (licensee reports)
• More reflective of true pricing & costs of energy – upstream to downstream
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MARKET REGULATION
• Rules that improve market
performance & provide safeguards
• “Competitive commodity markets”
are still subject to various forms
of natural monopoly regulation as well
as self-regulation
• Licensing, certification & registration
of market traders, brokers, aggregators
• Codes of Practice
• Insurance and liability
• Patents and intellectual property
rights
• Customer services & protection
• Antitrust and trade regulation
• Subject to litigation & filed complaints
• Health, safety, environmental & labor
laws
• Exchange markets
• Quality of services & supply standards
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EVOLUTION OF REGULATORY MARKETS
• Codes of conduct (ethics)
• Openness and transparency
• Alternative dispute resolution
• Revenue neutrality
• Competitive market commodities
• Non-discriminatory open access
aggregators
• Adjustment clauses
• Future test year
• Unbundling & restructuring
• Open access to networks
• Bypass of the utility
• Economic development
rates
• Stranded assets
• Security & cyber-security
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MARKET EXPECTATIONS
• Advance customer rights, reliable of supplies, protection, universal service
• Provide market information to customers & ensure market transparency
• Address environmental concerns & resource options (e.g., distributed resources &
demand response)
• Provide dispute resolution & settlement processes
• Establish performance standards & frequently evaluate performance
• Design data and information monitoring & evaluation platforms to ensure open access
& enforce market rules
• Develop systems to resolve disputes
• Allocate transition costs into a market environment (public benefits, stranded costs)
• Measure & promote workable competition
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NATURAL MONOPOLY RATEMAKING WITH A CORE
MARKET FUNCTION
• Considerable discretion by Commission decision-makers may be made in the
regulation of a natural monopoly utility with market supply tendencies
• Determination of utility revenue requirements & cost of service assessment for
a test year
o Allocation of costs to customers based on procurement & usage patterns
o Subsidies & cross-subsidies will continue within & between customer classes
o Block rates & time-of-day rates are designed to encourage customer efficiency &
energy conservation
• Rate design to recover natural monopoly & competitive market costs through
tariff rates for utility services & market charges for commodities
o Utility billing has two parts in a competitive energy market: (i) natural monopoly &
(ii) market commodity portions are combined in each monthly bill
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INCENTIVE REGULATION & KPIs
• Focus on results vs. process (ends over means)
• Regulatory efficiency, supply reliability & cost effectiveness are key
• Incentives can be positive (rate of return) or negative (disallowances, penalties)
for public utilities
• A coherent system of incentives & accountability – vs. regulatory
micromanagement
• Effective performance regulation
o Indicators, timing & schedules are negotiated upfront
o Performance monitoring with quarterly reviews
o Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
o Easy to measure milestones & benchmarks
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FINANCIAL KPIs
Key Performance Indicator Monitoring Generation Transmission Distribution
Return on investment Benchmark √ √ √
Earnings before interest & taxes (EBIT) Track √ √ √
Current Ratio Benchmark √ √ √
Gearing Ratio Benchmark √ √ √
Interest Service Coverage Ratio Benchmark √ √ √
Debt Service Coverage Ratio Benchmark √ √ √
27. Indicator Monitoring Generation Transmission Distribution
Accounts Receivable (Days) Benchmark √ √ √
Bad Debt Benchmark √ √ √
Working Capital Track √ √ √
Revenue Collection Rate Benchmark √
Revenue Growth Rate Track √ √ √
10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 27
COMMERCIAL KPIs
28. Key Performance Indicator Monitoring Generation Transmission Distribution
Number of customers per employee Track √ √ √
Energy generated, transmitted &
distributed per employee
Track √
Energy sold per employee Track √ √ √
Energy sold per customer Track √
Operating cost per revenue Track √ √ √
10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 28
EFFICIENCY KPIs
29. Key Performance Indicator Monitoring Generation Transmission Distribution
Number of households connected &
electrified
Track √
Number & types of customer service
complaints
Track √ √
Number of customer service responses Track √ √
Customer services complaint response
time
Track √
10/16/2018 USAID ENERGY SECURITY PROJECT (ESP) 29
SOCIAL IMPACT KPIs
30. Key Performance Indicator Monitoring Generation Transmission Distribution
Plant Availability (per generation plant) Benchmark >85%
Network Availability Benchmark >95%
Capacity Factor Benchmark √
Transmission Technical Losses Benchmark <5%
Distribution System Loss (Technical + Non-Technical) Benchmark <20%
Reserve Margin Benchmark >15%
MWh of load shed (due to breakdowns) Track √ √ √
System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI)
& Duration Index (SAIDI)
Track √
Customer Average Interruption Frequency (CAIFI) &
Duration Index (CAIDI)
Track √
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TECHNICAL KPIs
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QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
• Engineering – technologies, infrastructure, reliability
• Are markets governed by clear rules, with appropriate enforcement mechanisms?
• Can market efficiency & performance be achieved & reflected in costs & prices?
• Can substantial additional benefits be achieved by customer choice & market
competition?
• Are energy commodity markets & customer & supplier behavior meeting
expectations?
• What are the next steps for natural monopoly regulation & competitive market
oversight?