TEST CONSTRUCTION.pptx

ANTHONY B. LAGURA
Secondary School Teacher I

TEST CONSTRUCTION
OBJECTIVES
 Define test.
 Evaluate existing multiple-choice items
by using commonly-accepted criteria to
identify specific flaws in the items.
 Construct well-written multiple-choice
items.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Pretest
1. Test measures the cognitive traits through pen
and paper.
2. Correct answers are called distractors.
3. Test item should be free from racial, ethnic and
sexual biasness.
4. Test should be ambiguous in nature.
5. We should use proper grammar, punctuation, and
spelling.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Test is …
a measuring tool to capture
your cognitive traits through
pen and paper.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Test allows …
• Students to answer at the same time
using the same format.
• Objective scoring of students’ knowledge.
• Easy grading system.
• Easy ranking of students.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Reality about Test
13% of students who fail in class are
caused by faulty test questions.
(Philadelphia Trumpet, 2005)

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Reality about Test
It is estimated that 90% of the
testing items are out of quality.
(Wilen, 1992)

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Structure of a Test
 Stem
Options

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Structure of a Test
 Stem
- is the beginning part of the item that presents
the item as a problem to be solved, a question asked
of the respondent, or an incomplete statement to be
completed, as well as any other relevant information.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Structure of a Test
 Options
- are the possible answers that the examiner
can choose from, with the correct answer called the
KEY and the incorrect answers called
DISTRACTORS.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Rules for Writing Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Use a Question Format
The capital of California is in ______.
In which of the following cities is the
capital of California?
Less Effective
More Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
2. Emphasize Higher- Level Thinking
Which of the following is a whole
food?
a. orange juice c. toast
b. bran cereal d. grapefruit
Less Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
2. Emphasize Higher- Level Thinking
Sally’s breakfast this morning included one
glass of orange juice, one slice of toast, a small
bowl of bran cereal and a grapefruit. What
“whole food” did Sally eat for breakfast?
a. orange juice c. toast
b. bran cereal d. grapefruit
More
Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
3. Keep Option Lengths Similar
Which of the following is the best indication of high morale in a
supervisor’s unit?
a. The employees are rarely required to work overtime.
b. The supervisor enjoys staying late to plan the next day.
c. The unit gives expensive birthday presents to each other.
d. The employees are willing to give first priority to attaining group
objectives, subordinating any personal desires they may have.
Less Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
3. Keep Option Lengths Similar
Which of the following is the best indication of high morale in a
supervisor’s unit?
a. The employees are rarely required to work overtime.
b. The supervisor enjoys staying late to plan the next day.
c. The unit gives expensive birthday presents to each other.
d. The employees give first priority to attaining group objectives.
More Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
4. Be Grammatically Correct.
A word used to describe a noun is called an:
a. Adjective c. Conjunction
b. Pronoun d. Verb.
Less Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
4. Be Grammatically Correct
A word used to describe a noun is called:
a. An adjective c. A conjunction.
b. A pronoun d. A verb.
More Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Which of the following would do the most to promote the
application of nuclear discoveries to medicine?
a. Trained radioactive therapy specialists.
b. To place restrictions on the use of radioactive substances.
c. Developing standardized techniques for treatment of patients.
d. If the average doctor is trained to apply radioactive treatments.
Less Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Which of the following would do the most to promote the
application of nuclear discoveries to medicine?
a. Developing standardized techniques for treatment patients.
b. Removing restrictions on the use of radioactive substances.
c. Training the average doctor to apply radioactive treatments.
d. Adding trained radioactive therapy specialists to hospital staffs
More Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
5. Use Plausible Distractor
Which of the following artists is known for painting the ceiling
of the Sistine Chapel?
a. Da Vinci.
b. Flintstone.
c. Michelangelo.
d. Santa Claus.
Less Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
5. Use Plausible Distractor
Which of the following artists is known for painting the ceiling
of the Sistine Chapel?
a. Da Vinci.
b. Flintstone.
c. Michelangelo.
d. Rafael.
More Effective

TEST CONSTRUCTION
6. Avoid the alternatives “all of the above”
and “none of the above”.
7. Provide clear directions at the beginning
of each section of the test.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
8. Use proper grammar, punctuation, and
spelling.
9. Avoid using unnecessarily difficult
vocabulary.

TEST CONSTRUCTION
10. Test item should be free from racial,
ethnic and sexual biasness.
11. Avoid extremes – never, always, only

TEST CONSTRUCTION
12. When numeric options are used, the options
should be listed in numeric order and in a single
format. For example, order numbers from lowest in
value to highest.
13. Avoid the use of abbreviations such as “35 yo.”
Instead, spell out “35-year-old.”

TEST CONSTRUCTION.pptx

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