This research proposal examines factors affecting the sustainability of clean water supply facilities in Ayana Town, Ethiopia. It will assess the functionality and service level of existing water schemes, as well as institutional initiatives to address problems. The study area has poor water access and health issues. Data will be collected through surveys and from water offices. The analysis will identify factors influencing sustainability and the government's role in basic service provision. Results aim to inform officials and future research on improving clean water accessibility for all residents.

1. COLLEGE OF FINANCE, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
Program : MA in Development Management
Course Title: Development Research Method (MDM 5081)
Research Proposal
Factors Affecting Sustainability of Clean Water Supply Facilities: In the case of Ayana Town,
Gida Ayana Woreda ,East wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State.
By: Tesemma Gerba Fida ID.No Ecsu 2200054
Submitted to: Merga M. (PhD)
January 2023
ECSU, Addis Ababa

2. 1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Water is a movable natural resource that can be administered in various methods
pertaining to specific socio-economic activities and an essential element for life and
health.
It also shapes economic and livelihood activities ,Food security, income options
generated in crop production, industry, domestic processing, aquaculture, livestock,
recreation, navigation and transport, and electricity supply are obtained from water.
At a global level, the availability of safe water is low.
 According to a joint report by UNICEF and World Health Organization (WHO), 844
million people around the world lack basic drinking water services, and 2.3 billion
people lack basic sanitation services in 2015.
Access to sufficient quality water is also fundamental for all human, animal and plant
life (Buy Smart Network, 2007).

3. Background …
However meeting drinking water demands is becoming a big challenge globally, particularly in
developing countries, due to :- an increase in consumption that is driven by urbanization, rapid
population growth, economic growth, and change in local climate (Assefa,et al 2018).
 Ethiopia has the lowest safe water coverage in sub-Saharan Africa estimated at only 42% with
a meagre 31% rural coverage reported in 2008 (WSSCC, 2008).
Also the study show that the main health problems, especially in developing countries like
Ethiopia are resulted due to poor of access to potable water, poor hygiene, and sanitation
practices (Minten et al., 2002: Collick, 2008).
However western Oromia Zone lack infrastructural facilities such as access to road, electricity
and pure water supply facilities.

4. Con’t
The researcher believes that there is very minimal research work undertaken to
the underlying factors that influence sustainability of water as a natural resource
and in particular the water supply schemes in Ayana town.
Therefore, the study is of invaluable benefit as it is deemed to contribute to the
improvement of accessibility of clean and safe water by every beneficiaries of
Ayana town irrespective of their socio-economic status and geographic location.

5. 1.2 Statement of the problem.
The quality of potable water and the threat of water borne diseases, such as
cholera and typhoid, are critical public health issues in many developing countries
(ADB, 2002)
 about 2.3 billion people across the world, most of them in developing countries,
suffer from disease linked to water unavailability, inadequacy or contamination
(Lambert, 2002).
 Ethiopia is estimated among the lowest level of water supply in the world
(UNDP, 2006).

6. con't
According to world development report, only 42 % of the total population of the country had access to
safe and adequate water supply compared to 30%, 60%, and 77% In Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
respectively (UNDP, 2006).
In Oromia regional State specially in Western region of Oromia due to:-
Poor Infrastructure Access,
Security Problem
 Natural and human factors the region are highly affected and there is poor water supply for the
communities
Eastern Wollega zone and woredas associated in this zone are highly affected and there is poor water
supply for the communities
A study conducted by the Oromia water resource Bureau in 2018 indicated that
water supply service coverage of Ayana Town was 33.9%.

7. Con’t
In general Research done important for development and the availability
on this title is little in the study area especially to Ayana town.
Also the availability of clean water facilities in the study area was poor and
there is few government and Non-governmental organizations studying this
problems and there is few scientific data available for this problems
encountered to study area

8. 1.3 Significance of the study
It removing the problem of clean water supply in the study area
It solve Water borne disease problem of the town
Furthermore, the findings of the study are expected to play an important role for
decisions makers and
 sectors working and relevance to water issues in informing the officials at the Gida
Ayana woreda to recognize the problems of the clean water supply facilities and to
take corrective measures.
It also serves as the basis for future related research works.

9. 1.4 Scope of the study
Study focuses on factors that affect sustainability of clean water supply facilities in East
Wellega Zone,Ayana town.
The data will be gathered from East wollega Zone and Gida ayana woreda water resource
office as well as from Ayana town water services Institution.
1.5 Limitation of the study
The scope of the study is enclosed to a single woreda i.e. Ayana town.
The current Security problem of the area.
Shortage of time during data collection.
Education level of the respondent to understanding of questions during data collection and
 Getting source of secondary data are some of expected limitations .

10. 1.6 Organization of the paper
The first chapter is describes the background , statement of the problem,
significances of the study, scope of the study ,limitation general and specific
objectives, research questions.
Chapter two is about reviews literature of factors that affect the sustainability of
clean water supply facilities.
 The third chapter presents methodologies, research design and sampling
procedures, sampling frame, sample population and method of data analysis.
 chapter four present findings and discussions and finally Chapter five draws
conclusions and recommendations.

11. 1.7 Research questions and objectives
1.7.1 Research Questions
To achieve the objectives of the study the following questions will be implemented.
1. What types of water can be used for house hold consumption in the study area?
2.What are institutional initiatives used to solve the problems in Ayana Town?
3. What are the factors affecting the sustainability of clean water facilities in the
study area?
4. What efforts are taken to reduce or solve the problem of infrastructure in the
study area?

12. 1.7.2 Objectives of the Study
1.7.2.1 General Objective
The general objective of this study will be to assessing the factors that affect the sustainability of
clean water supply facilities in the case of Ayana town.
1.7.2.2Specific Objectives
To assess the functionality and service level of existing factors of clean water supply schemes in
the Ayana town.
To assess the institutional initiatives and the community to reduce the problem
To identify the factors that affect the sustainability of clean water supply schemes in the study
area .
To examine the role of government on the basic services provision of clean water supply facilities.

13. Chapter Two
2. Literature review
 This chapter provides different literature related to research topic, Includes scholarly books and
articles published in academic journals and can be an specific scholarly paper or a section in a
research paper and the reviews of them.
2.1 Concepts of rural water supplies in sub-Saharan Africa.
In Sub-Saharan African countries such as Uganda, there is a general transition towards new
drinking water service delivery methods, particularly outside major urban centers in informal
settlements, small towns and rural settings (Huston et al.,2021).
.

14. 2.2 Empirical Literature Review
In this section, empirical studies are reviewed in line with the study objectives and variables
the proportion of people that has no safe water access by the year 2015 (ADP et al., 2006).
Water service provision in Africa is known by its inefficiency and the lack of pricing
mechanisms to determine consumer demand and to reflect service costs (GWP et al., 2008).
 In the year 2005, the government of Ethiopia has launched a water and sanitation plan that
aimed to achieve 100% water and sanitation access throughout the country by the year 2012
(WB et al., 2009).
The government has also developing computerized monitoring and evaluation program for
water supply, sanitation and hygiene program consultancy services in order to solve data
handling problems (UNDP and SNV, 2009).

15. 2.3 Conceptualizing clean water Supply Sustainability
sustainability is dependent
 on community ownership,
 management ,
 peace and security.
The communities take the final decision on important aspects of the planning and
implementation of water supply schemes.

16. 2.4 Conceptual Frame work of the study
Failure of supply
quality water
Income level of the
Consumer
Difficulty in
acceptance of
new technology
Dependent
Variable
(Sustainability
of Clean Water
supply
facilities)
Local source of water
Management Support
Security problem
Independent
variable

17. CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
• 3.4 Study Area Descriptions
This study will be conducted at Gida Ayana woreda Ayana Town which is
located in Eastern Wollega Zone of Oromia Regional State.
• Ayana Town is found around 448 km from Addis Ababa and 120 km from
Nekemte in Eastern.
• its altitude between 1300 and 2200 meters above sea level and
• mean annual rain fall of 1800 mm.
• Average temperature o 22oC.

18. 3.2 Research approach
The study will be mixing both qualitative and quantitative research approaches.
 3.3 Research Design
The researcher will be used the Explanatory Sequential Design and Descriptive type of research
3.4 Data types and Sources
Both primary and secondary sources of data will used
Secondary data will obtain from ; Gathered from Gida Ayana Water resource office and East
wollega zone Water resource office reports, and other relevant organizations and offices.
Primary data will obtain from:-beneficiaries of clean water supply in Ayana town and water
Resource office

19. 3.5 Population and sample size determination
Ayana town have 2 kebele and 12 Villages with total number ayana town household are
1,242.
sample size will be computed by using sample size formula of (Yemane 1967).
𝒏 =
𝑵
𝟏 + 𝑵 𝒆 𝟐
Where as ;
n= sample size from the population
N= the whole population/sampling frame
e= is the precision or sampling error

20. Con’t
𝒏 =
𝑵
𝟏+𝑵 𝒆 𝟐
N=1242
𝒏 =
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟐
𝟏+𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟓 𝟐
=
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟐
𝟏+𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
=
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟐
𝟏+𝟑.𝟏𝟎𝟓
n=
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟐
𝟒.𝟏𝟎𝟓
n=302

21. 3.6 Sampling Techniques
simple random sampling techniques will be used.
From the two kebeles, six villages will be selected proportionally using simple random
sampling technique.

22. 3.7 Data analysis methods and model specification
Data analysis will be made using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage), Chi-square,
tabulation and regression analysis by the help of statistical package for social science
(SPSS) version 24.0 software and Microsoft excel.
The data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Inferential analyses (correlation, ANOVA and regression) were generated to test the
statistical significance of the effect of the independent variables .by using the formula
Y= 𝛽0 + 𝛽1𝑥1 + 𝛽2𝑥2 + 𝛽3𝑥3 + 𝛽4𝑥4 + 𝛽5𝑥5 + 𝛽6𝑥6 + ε

23. con’t
• Where: 𝛽0 , 𝛽1, 𝛽2, 𝛽3, 𝛽4, 𝛽5𝑎𝑛𝑑𝛽6 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 of independent variable
• Y= Sustainability of the water supply , 0 is the regression coefficient/constant/Y-
intercept,
X1 = Failure to supply quality of water, X2 = Income level of the Consumer, X3=
Technological capacity or acceptance of New Technology, X4= Management
Support X5= Local source of water and X6 Security problem ε = error term
normally distributed about a mean of 0.

24. Thank you