The document provides information about Terror-Defense L.L.C., a company that offers training and security services related to active shooter survival, terrorism, and physical security. The company is owned and operated by Jeffrey Luse and Jonathan Renner, who have over 60 years of combined law enforcement and security experience. Terror-Defense L.L.C. offers various training materials, webinars, seminars, and security assessments to help clients prepare for and respond to potential active shooter and terrorism threats. They emphasize varying routines, being aware of one's surroundings, recognizing signs of surveillance, and having an action plan to increase safety.
The document discusses the important role of police dispatchers in responding to domestic violence calls, noting that dispatchers must obtain detailed information from callers who may be in distress to ensure officer safety and aid prosecution. Dispatchers should prioritize domestic violence calls and relay key details like injuries, weapons, suspect descriptions, and whether children or restraining orders are involved to responding officers. The safety of victims and accurate information sharing between dispatchers and officers is critical in domestic violence situations.
Terrorism can occur anywhere in the world and is carried out for various reasons such as establishing power, eliminating opposing religious groups, or obtaining ransom money. Terrorists are becoming more technologically advanced in their attacks by using explosives in strategic locations and more powerful weapons. While victims are chosen randomly, terrorists seek to gain power through their violent acts and are willing to sacrifice themselves to further their goals.
Here are the key areas of law and discussion points you should cover in a high-level response:
Areas of law:
- Duress of threats
- Duress of circumstances
- Necessity
- Limitations e.g. no defence for murder, self-induced duress
Discussion points:
- Unfairness of no defence for murder
- Problems with imminence requirement
- Criticisms of Graham test
- Overlap between duress and necessity
- Arguments for reform e.g. partial defence, subjective approach
- Relevant cases to support points e.g. Hasan, Gotts, Wilson
You should be able to develop balanced arguments
This document defines an active shooter and outlines characteristics and responses. It begins by defining an active shooter as someone actively killing people in a populated area without a clear victim selection pattern. It describes historic shooters and notes that shooters often have feelings of alienation and persecution. The document outlines characteristics like anti-social behavior, aggression, and relationship issues. It discusses the 5 phases of active shooters and recommends notifying authorities about concerning behaviors. For responses, it recommends evacuating if possible, locking down if not, taking action against the shooter as a last resort, and cooperating with first responders.
The document discusses the components and structure of a police hostage team. It explains that a hostage team includes a team leader, primary and secondary negotiator, intelligence officer, communications officer, public information officer, and team psychologist. The team leader is responsible for overall command, while the primary negotiator communicates directly with the hostage-taker to negotiate a peaceful resolution. Other roles include gathering intelligence, managing communications, releasing information to the public, and providing psychological support and analysis.
This issue addresses a very serious and growing problem in our country – the active shooter. If this trend continues, 2014 will be the deadliest year associated with active shooter incidents.
Many of our clients have recently asked us to assist them in providing assistance and education in how to help spot and mitigate the wrath of an active shooter so we thought this topic would be appropriate given the statistics and interest. This issue presents the very latest statistics and recommendations from several governmental agencies.
Please feel free to share with your colleagues, friends and family.
Have a safe and secure summer.
Regards,
Assault under Section 352 of the Malaysian Penal CodeYasmin Adilah
Abang confronted Bomoh at a coffee shop angrily over a matter involving Abang's sister. Abang lunged threateningly at Bomoh and said he would teach Bomoh a lesson he would never forget. As Abang was about to hit Bomoh, others restrained him. Abang intended to cause Bomoh apprehension of imminent physical force based on his threatening gestures and words. A reasonable person in Bomoh's position would fear immediate force based on Abang's actions. Thus, Abang can likely be found liable under Section 351 of the Penal Code for assault on Bomoh.
The document discusses the important role of police dispatchers in responding to domestic violence calls, noting that dispatchers must obtain detailed information from callers who may be in distress to ensure officer safety and aid prosecution. Dispatchers should prioritize domestic violence calls and relay key details like injuries, weapons, suspect descriptions, and whether children or restraining orders are involved to responding officers. The safety of victims and accurate information sharing between dispatchers and officers is critical in domestic violence situations.
Terrorism can occur anywhere in the world and is carried out for various reasons such as establishing power, eliminating opposing religious groups, or obtaining ransom money. Terrorists are becoming more technologically advanced in their attacks by using explosives in strategic locations and more powerful weapons. While victims are chosen randomly, terrorists seek to gain power through their violent acts and are willing to sacrifice themselves to further their goals.
Here are the key areas of law and discussion points you should cover in a high-level response:
Areas of law:
- Duress of threats
- Duress of circumstances
- Necessity
- Limitations e.g. no defence for murder, self-induced duress
Discussion points:
- Unfairness of no defence for murder
- Problems with imminence requirement
- Criticisms of Graham test
- Overlap between duress and necessity
- Arguments for reform e.g. partial defence, subjective approach
- Relevant cases to support points e.g. Hasan, Gotts, Wilson
You should be able to develop balanced arguments
This document defines an active shooter and outlines characteristics and responses. It begins by defining an active shooter as someone actively killing people in a populated area without a clear victim selection pattern. It describes historic shooters and notes that shooters often have feelings of alienation and persecution. The document outlines characteristics like anti-social behavior, aggression, and relationship issues. It discusses the 5 phases of active shooters and recommends notifying authorities about concerning behaviors. For responses, it recommends evacuating if possible, locking down if not, taking action against the shooter as a last resort, and cooperating with first responders.
The document discusses the components and structure of a police hostage team. It explains that a hostage team includes a team leader, primary and secondary negotiator, intelligence officer, communications officer, public information officer, and team psychologist. The team leader is responsible for overall command, while the primary negotiator communicates directly with the hostage-taker to negotiate a peaceful resolution. Other roles include gathering intelligence, managing communications, releasing information to the public, and providing psychological support and analysis.
This issue addresses a very serious and growing problem in our country – the active shooter. If this trend continues, 2014 will be the deadliest year associated with active shooter incidents.
Many of our clients have recently asked us to assist them in providing assistance and education in how to help spot and mitigate the wrath of an active shooter so we thought this topic would be appropriate given the statistics and interest. This issue presents the very latest statistics and recommendations from several governmental agencies.
Please feel free to share with your colleagues, friends and family.
Have a safe and secure summer.
Regards,
Assault under Section 352 of the Malaysian Penal CodeYasmin Adilah
Abang confronted Bomoh at a coffee shop angrily over a matter involving Abang's sister. Abang lunged threateningly at Bomoh and said he would teach Bomoh a lesson he would never forget. As Abang was about to hit Bomoh, others restrained him. Abang intended to cause Bomoh apprehension of imminent physical force based on his threatening gestures and words. A reasonable person in Bomoh's position would fear immediate force based on Abang's actions. Thus, Abang can likely be found liable under Section 351 of the Penal Code for assault on Bomoh.
Richard Sherman made headlines after an emotional post-game interview following his pivotal play in the NFC Championship. Many reacted negatively, calling him names like "thug" without knowing his background. As an African American man with success, the criticism had racial undertones. Sherman graduated second in his high school class and from Stanford with high grades, never having legal or conduct issues. While Sherman expressed real emotions, the harsh reaction said more about lingering racism and prejudice in society than about Sherman as a person.
This document provides definitions for key terms related to racism, discrimination, and anti-racism. It defines terms like equality, equity, discrimination, lynching, prejudice, racism, anti-racism, double consciousness, marginalized, microaggressions, power, systemic racism, bystander effect, and upstander. It also defines advocacy and provides an overview of tripartite anti-racist theory and the breakdown of advocacy. The document aims to educate by defining important concepts for understanding racism and anti-racism.
This document provides an overview of developing a personal and home protection plan. It discusses the importance of conflict avoidance and situational awareness. It introduces the "color codes of awareness" which include condition white (unaware), condition yellow (aware), condition orange (heightened awareness), and condition red (action). The document emphasizes avoiding dangerous situations through awareness of one's surroundings and de-escalation. If a threat cannot be avoided, it discusses being prepared to escape or defend oneself as a last resort.
Lesson One: Developing a Personal and Home Protection PlanAlexBotz1
This document provides an overview of developing a personal and home protection plan. It discusses the importance of conflict avoidance and situational awareness. It introduces the "color codes of awareness" which include being unaware (white), aware (yellow), heightened awareness (orange), and taking action (red). The document covers topics like observing one's environment, avoiding certain areas, and gaining situational awareness to help avoid dangerous encounters and identify threats early. The overall goal is to help people stay safe physically, legally, financially, and morally through awareness and preparedness.
Duress is a defense that excuses criminal conduct committed under threat of harm. It requires an immediate threat of death or serious bodily harm that creates reasonable fear and leaves no safe opportunity to escape. Persuasion is not enough - the violence or threat must completely overcome one's will. Case law shows duress still applies if danger is imminent even if the threat is not currently present, but it does not apply if one voluntarily places themselves in danger or has escaped the threat. Duress cannot be used as a defense for serious crimes like murder.
The document summarizes research on how Americans reason about issues related to nuclear disarmament, terrorism, and national security. Key findings include that linking terrorism and nuclear weapons increases mortality salience and support for preemptive war, and that people view deterrence as possible with countries like North Korea but not Iran due to perceptions of their leaders. Recommendations include not linking terrorism and nuclear weapons when discussing disarmament issues.
Criminal voluntarily causing grievous hurt rambaran v stateLinHong Tan
This document summarizes a criminal case involving the appellant Rambaran Mahton. According to the prosecution, the appellant got into an altercation with his brother, the deceased, at a plot of land they were irrigating. The appellant then dashed the deceased to the ground, sat on his stomach, and beat him with fists and slaps, inflicting grievous injuries. The defense argued the appellant did not intend to cause such serious harm. While the court found the appellant guilty of voluntarily causing grievous hurt, it reduced his sentence from 5 years to 1 year imprisonment, finding he did not intend to kill his brother.
Webinar slides oct 21 2021 dr joshua sinaiCapitolTechU
This document provides an agenda and summary of a presentation on understanding active threats given by Dr. Joshua Sinai. The presentation covered:
- Types of active threat perpetrators including terrorists, active shooters, workplace violence, insiders, and hybrid threats.
- Characteristics that qualify an actor as an active threat, including psychological disorders, extremist ideologies, and a direct relationship to the target.
- A model of the cognitive pathway to violence with 8 phases from a triggering event to response.
- Examples of active threat incidents and the importance of awareness in public spaces.
This document provides an overview of active shooter training for library employees presented by Dr. Steve Albrecht. It discusses the need for such training given the "new" stressful environment libraries face with patrons experiencing mental illness and substance abuse issues. The training teaches employees to change their behavior under stress using concepts of "run, hide, fight" and emphasizes the importance of preparation and muscle memory during live threatening incidents. It provides guidance on assessing threatening behaviors, partnering with law enforcement, conducting drills, and addressing staff concerns in the aftermath of traumatic events.
An average of 551 workers per year are killed as a result of work-related homicides, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and shootings account for more than three-quarters of these homicides. It’s important for anyone in human resources, corporate security, and every level of management to be trained in how to respond to an active shooter attack. Active shooter response teaches you and your staff how to escape, find cover, or fight back to increase your odds of survival.
You will elarn:
- How physical security measures can be a deterrent/preventative measure
- Important "Delay Tactics" and how to use them to increase positive outcomes
- How to identify the best escape routes and safe areas in your facility
- How to fight back when there is no other alternative
Dr. Steve Albrecht presented an active shooter training webinar for library employees. He discussed 10 common misconceptions people have about active shooters and emphasized that they are there to kill, not talk, within 5-10 minutes before police arrive. The training covered establishing safe rooms, communicating with 911 dispatchers, recognizing responding police officers, and conducting annual drills to prepare staff to run, hide, or fight if an attack occurs. Albrecht stressed the importance of employee vigilance, rapid but measured responses to threats, and partnerships with law enforcement to help keep libraries safe.
The document discusses the issue of school violence and potential solutions. It notes that while schools aim to be safe places for learning, violence has increased over the years in various forms like physical abuse and bullying. Dealing with situations individually and finding suitable solutions is important. Reactive measures like counseling and mediation can help but depend on the qualifications of those implementing them. A collective effort from parents, teachers, administrators and the community is needed to effectively address school violence, as it is influenced by multiple factors outside of schools.
Essay On Bomb Blast In India. Online assignment writing service.Lisa Davis
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the website HelpWriting.net in order to hire a writer to complete an assignment. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work.
- The document outlines the Prevent duty for schools in the UK, which aims to safeguard individuals from being drawn into terrorism.
- It notes the ongoing threat of terrorism and recruitment by extremist groups. The government is making prevention of terrorism a legal duty for public bodies like schools.
- Schools are expected to promote fundamental British values, teach a balanced curriculum, assess risks of radicalization, train staff, and protect students from extremist material online. Staff should understand Prevent and know how to recognize and address vulnerabilities.
This document provides an overview of the introductory class on terrorism. It includes the course title, instructor information, required reading materials, and an outline of course requirements. The class will cover topics such as defining terrorism, understanding the terrorist mindset, theories on the etiology of deviant behavior, and key figures involved in terrorist organizations. Students will complete quizzes, assignments, and presentations on designated terrorist groups and ideologies. The document establishes guidelines that the class will involve discussion of current events and that no political correctness or cell phone use will be tolerated.
Since the year 1982, the phenomenon of suicide terrorist attacks has spread all over the world and many countries have found themselves suffering the effects of this growing terrorist ‘modus operandi’
The suicide terrorist is no more than a platform that carries the explosive charge to its target. However, this platform can think, adapt to situational changes and act at the right time and the right place to detonate the explosive device so as to create maximum carnage and destruction in a spectacular manner; it is the ultimate precision guided smart human bomb
The document discusses terrorism and provides definitions from various sources. It notes several high-profile terrorist attacks from the past few decades and explores how terrorism is portrayed in media. Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against civilians to intimidate or coerce governments for political or social goals. Reasons given for terrorist acts include religious justification, opposition to Western values, and achieving political aims for a government or country.
This document outlines an identity theory perspective on religiously and ethnically motivated terrorism. It proposes that terrorism arises from a combination of a strongly collectivist cultural identity rooted in fundamentalist religious or cultural principles, a social identity based on sharp contrasts between one's own group and perceived threats, and a foreclosed or aimless personal identity. The authors aim to identify commonalities across diverse conflicts where terrorism occurs in order to build an integrative theory and generate hypotheses to guide future research on countering terrorist organizations. They argue past efforts have failed to understand terrorism by viewing terrorists as psychopaths, criminals, or those lacking identity, rather than seeing terrorism as an expression of identities terrorists strongly hold.
Wayne LaPierre in his NRA remarks tried to reframe the gun debate by portraying firearms as tools for self-protection. He provided examples of guns protecting valuable individuals and institutions. LaPierre's major rhetorical challenge was overcoming the association of guns with violence, so he reframed them as devices that provide safety from evil in an unsafe world. His argument lacked concession and contended only an aggressively re-armed America could protect citizens from threats.
Chapter 10
Aggression & Antisocial Behavior
1
Today’s outline
Why are people aggressive?
Instinct/Biology
Narcissists
Social learning
Media & violence
Aggression under orders
Milgram’s study
Assertiveness instead of aggression
Antisocial Behavior
Antisocial behavior: any behavior that has a negative impact on other people
Aggression: hurting another person or achieving one’s goals at the expense of another person
E.g. war, homicide, riots, rape, assault, forcible robbery, family violence, bullying, etc.
Why are we aggressive?
Why are we aggressive?
First, as a quick note, with each passing year the world has grown more peaceful
Despite what it may seem like from the media
The world is many times more peaceful than in ancient times, where proportionally more people would died in wars
In the 2000’s there were only 2k deaths per year from warring countries whereas in the 1950’s there were 65k per year.
Instincts
Ethologists: people who study natural behavior patterns of animals
Believe that aggression is innate in all animals, including humans, e.g. killer instinct
Freud would have agreed
The fact that we are biologically capable of aggression does not mean that aggression is inevitable or “part of human nature”
The vast majority of people are NOT aggressive
Some cultures show very little: Eskimos, Navajo
Biology
Testosterone correlated with aggression
May partially explain why we see more physical violence from men than woman
Alcohol & other drugs lower inhibitions
The majority of murders and violent crimes involve alcohol
Body temperature is also linked to aggression
For this reason prisons usually keep a cool temperature
Other innate causes of aggression
Well, this theme has come up many times so far in this course, but once again:
Narcissists
Violent individuals often have high self-esteem and grandiose self beliefs
Bushman & Baumeister (2002), the authors of your textbook, also found that violent prisoners have higher narcissism scores than nonviolent people
Narcissism continued
Narcissistic personality inventory:
‘I insist on getting the respect I deserve’
Then participants mark the extent to which they agree
Direct quote from the Columbine killer:
“Isn’t it fun to get the respect that we’re going to deserve?”
Narcissistic rage, yikes!!!
Aggression as a response to Frustration
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: frustration tends to lead to aggression
road rage
watch for verbal aggression when people are frustrated
Why though?
Perhaps because frustration is an aversive state
Aggression as a response to aversive stimuli
Aversive stimuli make us more sensitive to aggressive cues
Aversive stimuli: pain, temperature, odors, etc.
Aggression cues: signals that are associated with aggression
Rude gestures, middle finger, body language
Weapons effect: observation that weapons serve as strong cues for aggressive behavior
Murders are much more likely in homes with guns
Hostile worl ...
Richard Sherman made headlines after an emotional post-game interview following his pivotal play in the NFC Championship. Many reacted negatively, calling him names like "thug" without knowing his background. As an African American man with success, the criticism had racial undertones. Sherman graduated second in his high school class and from Stanford with high grades, never having legal or conduct issues. While Sherman expressed real emotions, the harsh reaction said more about lingering racism and prejudice in society than about Sherman as a person.
This document provides definitions for key terms related to racism, discrimination, and anti-racism. It defines terms like equality, equity, discrimination, lynching, prejudice, racism, anti-racism, double consciousness, marginalized, microaggressions, power, systemic racism, bystander effect, and upstander. It also defines advocacy and provides an overview of tripartite anti-racist theory and the breakdown of advocacy. The document aims to educate by defining important concepts for understanding racism and anti-racism.
This document provides an overview of developing a personal and home protection plan. It discusses the importance of conflict avoidance and situational awareness. It introduces the "color codes of awareness" which include condition white (unaware), condition yellow (aware), condition orange (heightened awareness), and condition red (action). The document emphasizes avoiding dangerous situations through awareness of one's surroundings and de-escalation. If a threat cannot be avoided, it discusses being prepared to escape or defend oneself as a last resort.
Lesson One: Developing a Personal and Home Protection PlanAlexBotz1
This document provides an overview of developing a personal and home protection plan. It discusses the importance of conflict avoidance and situational awareness. It introduces the "color codes of awareness" which include being unaware (white), aware (yellow), heightened awareness (orange), and taking action (red). The document covers topics like observing one's environment, avoiding certain areas, and gaining situational awareness to help avoid dangerous encounters and identify threats early. The overall goal is to help people stay safe physically, legally, financially, and morally through awareness and preparedness.
Duress is a defense that excuses criminal conduct committed under threat of harm. It requires an immediate threat of death or serious bodily harm that creates reasonable fear and leaves no safe opportunity to escape. Persuasion is not enough - the violence or threat must completely overcome one's will. Case law shows duress still applies if danger is imminent even if the threat is not currently present, but it does not apply if one voluntarily places themselves in danger or has escaped the threat. Duress cannot be used as a defense for serious crimes like murder.
The document summarizes research on how Americans reason about issues related to nuclear disarmament, terrorism, and national security. Key findings include that linking terrorism and nuclear weapons increases mortality salience and support for preemptive war, and that people view deterrence as possible with countries like North Korea but not Iran due to perceptions of their leaders. Recommendations include not linking terrorism and nuclear weapons when discussing disarmament issues.
Criminal voluntarily causing grievous hurt rambaran v stateLinHong Tan
This document summarizes a criminal case involving the appellant Rambaran Mahton. According to the prosecution, the appellant got into an altercation with his brother, the deceased, at a plot of land they were irrigating. The appellant then dashed the deceased to the ground, sat on his stomach, and beat him with fists and slaps, inflicting grievous injuries. The defense argued the appellant did not intend to cause such serious harm. While the court found the appellant guilty of voluntarily causing grievous hurt, it reduced his sentence from 5 years to 1 year imprisonment, finding he did not intend to kill his brother.
Webinar slides oct 21 2021 dr joshua sinaiCapitolTechU
This document provides an agenda and summary of a presentation on understanding active threats given by Dr. Joshua Sinai. The presentation covered:
- Types of active threat perpetrators including terrorists, active shooters, workplace violence, insiders, and hybrid threats.
- Characteristics that qualify an actor as an active threat, including psychological disorders, extremist ideologies, and a direct relationship to the target.
- A model of the cognitive pathway to violence with 8 phases from a triggering event to response.
- Examples of active threat incidents and the importance of awareness in public spaces.
This document provides an overview of active shooter training for library employees presented by Dr. Steve Albrecht. It discusses the need for such training given the "new" stressful environment libraries face with patrons experiencing mental illness and substance abuse issues. The training teaches employees to change their behavior under stress using concepts of "run, hide, fight" and emphasizes the importance of preparation and muscle memory during live threatening incidents. It provides guidance on assessing threatening behaviors, partnering with law enforcement, conducting drills, and addressing staff concerns in the aftermath of traumatic events.
An average of 551 workers per year are killed as a result of work-related homicides, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and shootings account for more than three-quarters of these homicides. It’s important for anyone in human resources, corporate security, and every level of management to be trained in how to respond to an active shooter attack. Active shooter response teaches you and your staff how to escape, find cover, or fight back to increase your odds of survival.
You will elarn:
- How physical security measures can be a deterrent/preventative measure
- Important "Delay Tactics" and how to use them to increase positive outcomes
- How to identify the best escape routes and safe areas in your facility
- How to fight back when there is no other alternative
Dr. Steve Albrecht presented an active shooter training webinar for library employees. He discussed 10 common misconceptions people have about active shooters and emphasized that they are there to kill, not talk, within 5-10 minutes before police arrive. The training covered establishing safe rooms, communicating with 911 dispatchers, recognizing responding police officers, and conducting annual drills to prepare staff to run, hide, or fight if an attack occurs. Albrecht stressed the importance of employee vigilance, rapid but measured responses to threats, and partnerships with law enforcement to help keep libraries safe.
The document discusses the issue of school violence and potential solutions. It notes that while schools aim to be safe places for learning, violence has increased over the years in various forms like physical abuse and bullying. Dealing with situations individually and finding suitable solutions is important. Reactive measures like counseling and mediation can help but depend on the qualifications of those implementing them. A collective effort from parents, teachers, administrators and the community is needed to effectively address school violence, as it is influenced by multiple factors outside of schools.
Essay On Bomb Blast In India. Online assignment writing service.Lisa Davis
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the website HelpWriting.net in order to hire a writer to complete an assignment. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work.
- The document outlines the Prevent duty for schools in the UK, which aims to safeguard individuals from being drawn into terrorism.
- It notes the ongoing threat of terrorism and recruitment by extremist groups. The government is making prevention of terrorism a legal duty for public bodies like schools.
- Schools are expected to promote fundamental British values, teach a balanced curriculum, assess risks of radicalization, train staff, and protect students from extremist material online. Staff should understand Prevent and know how to recognize and address vulnerabilities.
This document provides an overview of the introductory class on terrorism. It includes the course title, instructor information, required reading materials, and an outline of course requirements. The class will cover topics such as defining terrorism, understanding the terrorist mindset, theories on the etiology of deviant behavior, and key figures involved in terrorist organizations. Students will complete quizzes, assignments, and presentations on designated terrorist groups and ideologies. The document establishes guidelines that the class will involve discussion of current events and that no political correctness or cell phone use will be tolerated.
Since the year 1982, the phenomenon of suicide terrorist attacks has spread all over the world and many countries have found themselves suffering the effects of this growing terrorist ‘modus operandi’
The suicide terrorist is no more than a platform that carries the explosive charge to its target. However, this platform can think, adapt to situational changes and act at the right time and the right place to detonate the explosive device so as to create maximum carnage and destruction in a spectacular manner; it is the ultimate precision guided smart human bomb
The document discusses terrorism and provides definitions from various sources. It notes several high-profile terrorist attacks from the past few decades and explores how terrorism is portrayed in media. Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against civilians to intimidate or coerce governments for political or social goals. Reasons given for terrorist acts include religious justification, opposition to Western values, and achieving political aims for a government or country.
This document outlines an identity theory perspective on religiously and ethnically motivated terrorism. It proposes that terrorism arises from a combination of a strongly collectivist cultural identity rooted in fundamentalist religious or cultural principles, a social identity based on sharp contrasts between one's own group and perceived threats, and a foreclosed or aimless personal identity. The authors aim to identify commonalities across diverse conflicts where terrorism occurs in order to build an integrative theory and generate hypotheses to guide future research on countering terrorist organizations. They argue past efforts have failed to understand terrorism by viewing terrorists as psychopaths, criminals, or those lacking identity, rather than seeing terrorism as an expression of identities terrorists strongly hold.
Wayne LaPierre in his NRA remarks tried to reframe the gun debate by portraying firearms as tools for self-protection. He provided examples of guns protecting valuable individuals and institutions. LaPierre's major rhetorical challenge was overcoming the association of guns with violence, so he reframed them as devices that provide safety from evil in an unsafe world. His argument lacked concession and contended only an aggressively re-armed America could protect citizens from threats.
Chapter 10
Aggression & Antisocial Behavior
1
Today’s outline
Why are people aggressive?
Instinct/Biology
Narcissists
Social learning
Media & violence
Aggression under orders
Milgram’s study
Assertiveness instead of aggression
Antisocial Behavior
Antisocial behavior: any behavior that has a negative impact on other people
Aggression: hurting another person or achieving one’s goals at the expense of another person
E.g. war, homicide, riots, rape, assault, forcible robbery, family violence, bullying, etc.
Why are we aggressive?
Why are we aggressive?
First, as a quick note, with each passing year the world has grown more peaceful
Despite what it may seem like from the media
The world is many times more peaceful than in ancient times, where proportionally more people would died in wars
In the 2000’s there were only 2k deaths per year from warring countries whereas in the 1950’s there were 65k per year.
Instincts
Ethologists: people who study natural behavior patterns of animals
Believe that aggression is innate in all animals, including humans, e.g. killer instinct
Freud would have agreed
The fact that we are biologically capable of aggression does not mean that aggression is inevitable or “part of human nature”
The vast majority of people are NOT aggressive
Some cultures show very little: Eskimos, Navajo
Biology
Testosterone correlated with aggression
May partially explain why we see more physical violence from men than woman
Alcohol & other drugs lower inhibitions
The majority of murders and violent crimes involve alcohol
Body temperature is also linked to aggression
For this reason prisons usually keep a cool temperature
Other innate causes of aggression
Well, this theme has come up many times so far in this course, but once again:
Narcissists
Violent individuals often have high self-esteem and grandiose self beliefs
Bushman & Baumeister (2002), the authors of your textbook, also found that violent prisoners have higher narcissism scores than nonviolent people
Narcissism continued
Narcissistic personality inventory:
‘I insist on getting the respect I deserve’
Then participants mark the extent to which they agree
Direct quote from the Columbine killer:
“Isn’t it fun to get the respect that we’re going to deserve?”
Narcissistic rage, yikes!!!
Aggression as a response to Frustration
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: frustration tends to lead to aggression
road rage
watch for verbal aggression when people are frustrated
Why though?
Perhaps because frustration is an aversive state
Aggression as a response to aversive stimuli
Aversive stimuli make us more sensitive to aggressive cues
Aversive stimuli: pain, temperature, odors, etc.
Aggression cues: signals that are associated with aggression
Rude gestures, middle finger, body language
Weapons effect: observation that weapons serve as strong cues for aggressive behavior
Murders are much more likely in homes with guns
Hostile worl ...
Sample Essay Research Paper. Online assignment writing service.Angie Willis
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and choosing one, and authorizing payment after receiving and approving the paper. It notes the site offers free revisions and refunds for plagiarized work.
A Flexible Response: Imposing Costs on Non-state Aggression.avidas
Terrorism aims to cause terror through violence against civilians to achieve political goals. Effective deterrence of terrorism requires identifying the organizations and leaders, credibly threatening assets they value, and the ability to retaliate. However, deterring asymmetric non-state actors is challenging given their lower threshold for success. An effective strategy may include direct military threats combined with pressuring supporting states, institutions, and populations while limiting radicalization through restraint. Excessive retaliation risks increased indirect costs through public fear while providing propaganda benefits to terrorists.
1) The document discusses various strategies and theories related to deterring terrorism and non-state actors, including flexible response, pre-modern doctrines of deterrence, and imposing direct costs on terrorist organizations and states that support them.
2) It provides examples of stand-off weapons like air-to-surface missiles that could impose such costs from a distance while minimizing collateral damage.
3) The document argues that retaliation against non-state actors must be swift, proportionate, and focus on the organization rather than civilians in order to impact domestic morale and force supporting states to restrain terrorists.
The document defines stalking and discusses its prevalence, characteristics of stalkers, types of stalking behaviors, and strategies for managing stalking situations. Stalking involves a pattern of unwanted behaviors that threaten the victim's safety. Research finds that 8% of women and 2% of men experience stalking, and the average length is months or years. Stalkers often have mental illnesses and a history of criminal behavior. Threats have different meanings for public versus private stalkers. Managing stalking involves setting clear boundaries and avoiding engagement.
2. TERROR-DEFENSE L.L.C.
• Together Jon and I have more than 60 years of Law Enforcement, Physical
Security, Counter and Anti-Terrorism and Personal Security experience. Our
goals as a team are to provide the highest quality training of security related
services in the industry today.
• We are committed to our clients and customers alike, providing timely and
relevant training to give our client members the edge on surviving in this new
environment we find ourselves.
• AtTerror Defense L.L.C. we’re passionate about making the seemingly
impossible possible.Taking away the advantage of a terrorist or a lone wolf
and giving the advantage back to the consumer our citizens of this great
nation. Our training is second to none, our presentations and assessments are
designed to reveal weakness before it is exploited by the evil doers.
3. We as a Company Provide;
• TRAINING MATERIALS
• We provide training materials from Active Shooter survival to Domestic and InternationalTerrorism.
• WEBINARS
• We provideWebinars as related to terrorism and Active Shooter survival and basic life skills.
• TRAVEL
• Training on what to do before you travel, hostage survival and living with the aftermath.
• SEMINARS
• We provide informative seminars to audiences and business partners related to personal and physical security,
surviving terrorism home and abroad.
• PHYISCAL SECURITYASSESSMENTS
• We provide physical security, threat, risk and vulnerability assessments.
• OCCUPANT EMERGENCY PLAN (OEP)
• We provide assessments and develop OEP's for our Clients.
4. OUR CONTACT INFORMATION
Jeffrey A. Luse’
CEO & Operator
E-Mail: terrordefense@yahoo.com
Phone: (907) 225-0704
Address: 3423 Denali Avenue
Ketchikan,AK 99901
Jonathan K. Renner
Advisor
E-Mail: terrordefense@yahoo.com
Phone: (907) 225-0704
Address: 3423 Denali Avenue
Ketchikan,AK 99901
6. WHAT ARE WE HERE FORTODAY?
We are here to look at the phenomenon of the Active Shooter
and how to respond to the threat of an active shooter event.
On Campus
7. What is an Active Shooter?
An Active Shooter is defined as an individual or
individuals, who initiate an attack on the
population utilizing firearms.
To be an active shooter and not a shooting or
hostage situation, the shooter is actively
engaging human targets with the firearm.
Killing and wounding is continuous. (Active)
8. WHAT ISTHE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
LONEWOLF AND A CELL?
A Lone-Wolf is a single shooter event. It can be a pre-selected
target or a target of opportunity.
A Cell is often identified as two or more shooters attacking a
pre-selected target or targets. It can be a target of opportunity.
9. What DefinesTerrorism?
The calculated use of violence or the threat of
violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or
to intimidate governments or societies in the
pursuit of goals that are generally political,
religious, or ideological.
10. A Unique Environment
If you are old enough you may remember the terrorist car bombing in
Beirut at the Marine Barracks.
Or the 1996 truck Bombing in Riyadh of the KobarTowers.
Or the Bombing of the USS. Cole.
Or ISIS Car Bomb attacks in Iraq
The dynamics have shifted from packed explosives on a foreign battle
field to the Lone-wolf and Cell activity creating active shooting
events.The dynamic battle field has come to America.
This does not mean explosives are a thing of the past, they aren’t.
What it means is there is an added dynamic to the battle field, which
is easier, more flexible and harder to identify before an attack.
11. Why are Active Shooters so difficult
to Identify?
They tend to operate in relative secrecy.
Those who are aware of their planning and plotting are often unwilling to tell others
to include the authorities, in fear of being called prejudice or bigoted. (Political
Correctness gone amuck)
Targets are often un-identified to anyone outside of their inner circle until the
planned attack. (As realized in the 911 calls from Omar Mateen during the attack at
the Pulse NightClub)
A lack of information sharing at the Local, and nationalGovernment Levels. (This
was obviously a missed opportunity in the Pulse Night Club Active Shooter Incident
as Mateen had been under scrutiny of the FBI on several occasions, but never
communicated to the local police.)
12. Are we atWar?
We as Americans are at war with an ideology and with hate.
The ideology says we (Americans) are evil unless we believe like the
attackers.
The ideology says you are to kill the evil ones (Americans) as they don’t
believe as those ideologues.
We also find ourselves on the battle field with a fight against hate
groups, that kill because of their differences between race, culture, and
sexual orientation.
Campus’s are unique in that, a lone wolf or cell can be created by the
action or perceived inaction of the employees of the facility.
13. What Does it Mean the Action or Inaction?
A student feels that he or she has been wronged by a professor or the
administration and the student is determined to correct the wrong at the point of
a firearm.
Two students have a fallout, the anger ferments until one of them decide to settle
the issue permanently.
A student and a professor have a sexual relationship, the relationship ends harshly
and the student intends to take revenge on the professor.
There are as many scenarios as there are people to carry out attacks.
14. Why would a Active Shooter
choose a Campus to attack
There are as many reason in the shooters mind to attack a specific target as there are
targets.
Lets name some reasons:
Is the Campus a landmark to the community (what does it represent to the attacker)
Supervisor/Subordinate disagreement or termination turns deadly.
Employee disagreement turns deadly.
A perceived ideology difference between shooter and Campus.
A perceived racial difference between attacker and Campus.
Sexual Identity differences between shooter and Campus Staff who may be members
of LGBT community.
Religious differences between the shooter and the Campus.
A feeling of wrong doing by the Campus against the shooter.
A perceived lack of care for a student or staff member who is mentally ill.
15. With the previous slide in mind
Is the Campus a soft target?
Is there any security mechanisms in place?
Are there popular outside or first floor or top floor gathering spots?
(Restaurants, Coffee Shops, Cafeteria's, etc.)
Are the security mechanisms a deterrent to an active shooter attack?
Are there any trained personnel to handle a potential escalating
incident which could evolve into a Active Shooter or Hostage
situation.
Are there any businesses at the Campus that are controversial?
Are there any businesses at the Campus that represent targets of
western civilization?
16. WHAT DEFINES A SOFTTARGET
A SoftTarget can be a person, a building or facility with little or no
security countermeasures,The person or space is virtually
unprotected.
Often shown as restaurants and outdoor dinning area’s, but include
buildings, Hospitals, Campus’s and large venues.
Soft targets are easy access.
Easy points of entry and exit.
Unobstructed.
17. HOW ARETARGETS SELECTED?
It Depends!
Is the attacker hate, religiously or ideologically driven?
Is the attacker race or sexual identity driven? Such as the Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, andTransgender (LGBT) community.
Is the attack driven by the recognition of the important’s of the Campus.
Is this building important to the community.
Is the attack driven by the perception of a specific business located on
the Campus.
Is the attacker targeting using direction from a foreign or domestic
source?
Is this a terror or hate related?
18. Miss-conception on Rifle versus Pistol
Rifles are receiving a bad wrap over the pistol which shares a decent
reputation.
Both weapons are designed for personal defense, any defensive weapon can be used
for offensive activity such as the ColoradoTheater shooting, the Orlando shooting,
the Paris shootings, etc.
Can I do as much damage with a pistol as I can with a rifle?
What do you think?
19. DISPELLING MYTHS
There is a myth out there, created by Politian's and the anti-firearm movement
Also known as the anti-2nd amendment movement.The myth that an “Assault
Rifle” is more deadly than a handgun.
The argument has recently been, the “Assault Rifle” has a magazine that holds
thirty rounds of ammunition, thus is more capable of mass killing.
First I am going to address the word Assault, second I am going to dispel the
ammunition myth.
20. THEWORD “ASSAULT”
The Webster defines the word assault as:
assaults; assaulted; assaulting
2 assault
/əˈsɑːlt/
verb
assaults; assaulted; assaulting
Learner's definition of ASSAULT
[+ object]
: to violently attack (someone or something) He was arrested for
assaulting a police officer.
She verbally assaulted one of her coworkers.
He had been sexually assaulted [=touched or hurt in a sexual way] as a
young boy.
Enemy forces assaulted the city.
[+] more examples [-] hide examples [+] Example sentences [-] Hide
examples
— sometimes used figuratively A terrible noise assaulted our senses.
[=we heard a terrible noise]
21. AN EXAMINATION OFTHE WORD “ASSAULT”
There is allot of information under the word assault, the first
thing you notice is the word is an action word. She has been
assaulted.The soldiers assaulted the hill.The police officer was
under assault.
At no time is the word attached to an item.
Following the premise of those attaching the word to a weapon,
it would lead the logical person to attach the word to any item
used in an attack or assault.
A bat used to beat someone would be an assault bat, a knife
used to assault someone would be an assault knife and so-on.
22. MITIGATING A MYTH
RIFLES
• Non-militarized AR (the term AR means
Armalite Rifle, not Assault Rifle) Rifles are
semi-automatic only, (Not automatic as the
opponents to the AR Rifle contend.)
• General sales of the AR type Rifle from gun
shops are semi-automatic, which means you
press the trigger, one round is fired, you cycle
the trigger again and one round is fired.
• There are a few class III license holders out
there that do have in their possession fully
automatic weapons, but they have been
vetted by the Federal Government and have
been approved for the possession of such
weapons.
PISTOLS
• Semi automatic pistols are the
predominant weapon sold today.
• The term semi-automatic means
you press the trigger and on round is
fired.You recycle the trigger and
press it again another round is fired.
• Magazines available for the semi-
automatic pistol are as wide ranging
as the types of weapons themselves.
23. IS A RIFLE IN A BUILDING MORE DANGEROUSTHAN A
PISTOL?
• Do you believe right now, that a rifle is more deadly than a pistol in a close
quarters situation?
• After all, we had a mass killing in the Pulse Night Club using a rifle.
• The rifle Used by the Pulse Shooter was a Sign Saur type rifle, with a 30 round
Magazine.
• Each round he fired was one shot with the squeeze of the trigger then he
recycled the trigger and fired again.
• Do you think a pistol would not have been as deadly?
• What if the pistol is modified?
25. As you can see in the video, a pistol can be as deadly as any rifle if
properly modified. (the video’s do not work on this media)
There are magazines out there that hold copious amounts of
ammunition.
If any bad actor can get a firearm, even if weapons were to be banned,
why does the government want to change the 2nd Amendment?
I will address the issue of the 2nd amendment of the constitution later
in this presentation.
26. What do we know
Terror as Hate groups train and plan their activity.
Not all attacks are planned activity, some are reactionary
to a specific perceived wrong against the shooter.
Terror, Hate Groups and some individuals who have a
perception of wrongdoing conduct surveillance both close
and far.
Lets Identify the difference between close surveillance and
far surveillance.
27. What is close surveillance?
• Close surveillance is surveillance that is up close, often personal.
• The surveilling individual or team blends into the community or offices
surrounding them.
• They wear the same type of cloths, they have the same hair styles, they do
the same things, they profess the same likes and dislikes.
• They pick up the behaviors of the environment they are surveilling to gather
information and identify the targets and weaknesses in the security systems.
• They look for targets of consequence either people or places. (greatest
impact)
• All of this information is used in the planning of an attack.
28. What is far surveillance?
• As it is suggested, far surveillance is basically watching and information gathering at a
distance.
• Someone watching with binoculars.
• Using a camera and telephoto lens.
• Wireless intrusion systems. (listening to cell phone traffic or monitoring wireless cameras)
• Hacking.
• Phone taping.
• Tailing.
• Checking your garbage for information.
29. What should I know
• Be aware of your surroundings at home, work and while you are out at lunch or dinner.
• Follow basic step to protect yourself.
• Never be predictable.
• Change your travel routes frequently.
• Be aware of who is following you.
• Trust your gut instinct.
• If you believe you are being followed, drive to the nearest police station or Hospital.
• Be Alert!
30. What should I look for with surveillance
Personnel loitering around work, lodging, recreation areas, or venues
Personnel who seem to be around the same locations you visit
Individuals who dress as delivery personnel, but ask unusual questions or seem to be scoping out your office.
Illegally parked vehicles
Occupied parked vehicles
Vehicles that move with you
Vehicles that pass then park
Erratic moves/driving
Vehicles slowly maneuvering through turns and intersections
Vehicles signaling for turns but do not
Running through red lights
Flashing lights between cars
Pausing in traffic circles until target exits
Speeding up/slowing down
31. What are the basic steps
1. Have an action plan for your self
2. If you are the Dean, have a Occupant Emergency Plan (OEP) for your
Office.
3. Be aware of local, national and international events.
4. If you frequently carry a concealed weapon (practice)
5. When leaving the house, vary your direction of travel if possible, don’t
be predictable.
6. When leaving work, vary your routes to other venues and to your home
if possible.
7. Remember, name identification (some targets are selected due to last
name familiarity. (Bush, Clinton,Trump, Regan, etc)
32. PERSONAL ACTION PLAN EXAMPLE
• I will vary my times and directions of travel.
• I will always secure my home whether I am there or not.
• If I believe I am being followed I will drive to the nearest Police Station or Hospital.
• If possible I will note the license plate and description of the car or vehicle following me.
• When at school, Campus or large venue event. I will move from the front door area as soon as possible.
• I will ask a staff member or student if I don’t know where the emergency exits are to identify my routes of
escape.
• If I am on a floor below the active shooter event, I will immediately exit the Building and run until I am out of
danger.
• If I am on a floor above the active shooter as he or she is shooting I will shelter in place finding a space that
has a securable door and wait for an all clear from the police.
• If I am in the hot zone, I will attack the shooter attempting to save my own life, resisting my flight instinct.
(Fight or Flight is basically you instincts of self preservation., to fight or run from danger)
33. WHAT IS AN OCCUPANT EMERGENCY PLAN
An Occupant Emergency Plan or (OEP) is a document that reflects the activities and actions
you as an organization and individually may find your selves and the actions which you as members
of the office will take to mitigate the activity; Burglaries, BombThreats, Storms, Power Outages,
Hurricanes, and now active shooter events.
We atTerror-Defense L.L.C. assist in the development of OEP’s.
34. Remember
• An action plan allows you to put into writing your actions that you will
take in any incident.
• Don’t over complicate an action plan
• Make it fit you or your office.
• Make sure you write it down.
• Add to it as you think of actions you may have to take at an event you
may encounter.
• If you are a firearm carrier, remember, your life is as important as those
around you. Defend yourself and others if necessary.
35. For Firearms Carriers
• Respect the rights of those who carry a firearm in compliance with the
2nd Amendment of the Constitution.
• If you are carrying do the following
• 1. Practice often
• 2. Get professional tactical training
• 3. REMEMBER Shooting at paper never is the same as shooting at a
human firing a weapon at you. Paper doesn’t shoot back!
• Train under strict time limits, add stress to the practice. (Remember
Safety while training)
36. THETHREAT LEVEL SYSTEM
Threat Levels
The degree of risk to people, facilities, assets or interests
If the operating environment is not favorable to the Lone-Wolf or Cell, they will
most likely fail at their mission.This will in most cases force them to move to an
environment which is more favorable to the Lone-Wolf or Cells success.
(determined through Surveillance)
OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY
INTENTIONS
ACTIVITY
(Lone-wolf or Cell)
OPERATING ENVIRONMENTVs.
TERRORISM OR HATE GROUP
37. Concealing weapons
• How do people conceal guns out of view?
• What should I look for?
• How should I respond if I see a concealed weapon?
• It Depends
39. There are as many ways to conceal as there are weapons
needing concealment
• Bulky coat
• Hanging shirt
• Ankle holster
• Shoulder Holster
• A bag, purse, pouch REMEMBERTHE PREVIOUS SLIDEWITHTHETEENAGER
• Backpack
• Bra Holster
• Back holster
• Undergarment Holster
40. How should I respond if I see a concealed weapon?
• First ask yourself, is this a venue where it is legal to carry a firearm?
• Know your states firearm laws (education)
• Second has he made any comments or indications he is a potential threat?
• If you feel he maybe a threat or in violation of the state law, quietly notify the
security personnel at the Campus or go out of the room and dial 911 and identify
the individual to the police dispatcher.
• Move away from the individual near a point of escape until the situation is dealt
with.
• TRUSTYOUR INSTICTS!
41. ACTIVE Shooter Zones
• HOT ZONE:The area that is being engaged by the shooter, your life is in
direct threat of death or serious bodily harm. If you are not able to move to
the “Warm Zone” , you have four choices, one lock yourself into your office
and take cover, two play dead, three die or four attack the shooter.As
proven on the train in France by the three Americans who attacked the
shooter on the train, you have a chance of survival. If you are able to move
into the “Warm Zone” continue immediately to move into the “Cold Zone”
and escape down the emergency stairwell.
• WARM ZONE:The area that is not immediately being engaged by the
shooter, your life is in direct threat. Immediately if possible move to the
“Cold Zone” , you have three choices, one; move away from the gun fire and
escape, two; take cover in an office, securing the door and take cover behind
a solid object if available or three; attempt to enter the emergency stairwell
and escape.
42. ACTIVE Shooter Zones Continues
• COLD ZONE:The area that is not immediately being engaged by the shooter, your life is in
direct threat. If you are on floors below the shootings, Immediately move to the
emergency exit and escape. If you are on floors above the shootings, shelter in place,
secure your offices and hide until Police have advised you that it is all clear.
• Why bunker or Shelter in place if you are above the shooting, the shooter or shooters may
be transiting between floors using the stairwells. Elevators are a kill box as you have no
where to go if the door opens up and a shooter is waiting for the elevators.
• Things to think about, your immediate safety, the safety of students and staff, your
devices that you have in possession that may work as an objective witness such as your
video camera on your phone and keeping your self in a position of being able to move.
Never barricade yourself in an un-securable bathroom, you are at the mercy of the
shooter. Doors are not normally bullet resistant.
43. HOWTO REACT ATTHE CAMPUS
• Before you leave your home, have a clear understanding what type of Campus you
are going too. Is it very popular?What type of security does it have? Is it a campus
that services a select community and how is that community perceived?
• When driving up to the Campus be observant to the area and its surroundings.
• Walk straight to the main entrance.
• Speak to Security in the building if there is one.
• Enter and move away from the fatal funnel (the front door and check in area,
hallways)
• Move away from the front and move to the elevator, stairs or Hallways. (always
remember where your point of escapes are)
44. HOWTO REACT ATTHE CAMPUS CONTINUES
• Check out the restrooms, are they securable or are they general use restrooms.
• Always sit to the back if possible, away from the main door.
• Be aware of the activity at the front, periodically look from your point of view towards the
front.
• Be familiar with your OEP. If there is no OEP talk with your professor or Dean about
developing one.
• If shooting starts in the main office, secure your office door and move under your desk.
• Call 911 or the local police
• Advise the dispatcher your location, identify to the dispatcher you are in the office, give as
much information as possible.
45. HOWTO REACT ATTHE CAMPUS CONTINUES
• · If you have a firearm in your possession, engage the shooter.
• If you are located on the floors below the shooting, go directly to the emergency
exits and take the stairwell down and exit with your hands over your head.
• (Why my hands over my head? It is the international sign for I give up, police are
moving quickly to the scene, it helps them identify what type of threat you may be)
• Run away from the building and follow directions of law enforcement.
• If you are on a floor above the shooting, enter a securable office, lock the door and
hide from view.
• Wait until you get an all clear from law enforcement.
46. If you have medical training, when possible volunteer
your time to police and emergency services.
If you are a witness or were in the area of the active
shooter, make yourself known to the police.
If you have video taped while you were in the facility
where the shooter is, volunteer your video to the
authorities.
Expect to be there at the scene for several hours.
HOWTO REACT ATTHE CAMPUS CONTINUES
47. Accepting Risk
• In everything we do, we accept some sort of risk.Walking, running,
driving, swimming, even hiking.
• Likewise you accept some risk when you go to work, shopping, to a
restaurant or a night club.
• The question must be, how much risk am I willing to accept to allow me
to live my life.
• With training you mitigate some risks, and whether you are willing to
implement your new found knowledge will determine the level of risk
you will face.
48. Zones in a shooter incident
There are three zones in a shooting event, the Hot Zone, theWarm Zone and the Cold Zone.
In a building the cold zone can be floors below the active shooter event and the floors above the
active shooter event.
The floors below the shooting should go to the emergency stairwells and escape immediately.
The floors above the shooting, should shelter in place and wait for an all clear from police.
49. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
Emergency exit
Emergency exit
Fatal Funnel
50. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
Emergency exit
Emergency exit
Fatal Funnel
51. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
Emergency exit
Emergency exit
52. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
Emergency exit
Emergency exit
Fatal Funnel
53. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
54. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
55. What does a single shooter hot, warm and cold zone
look like?
Emergency exit
Emergency exit
56. ZONES ARE FLEXIBLE AND IN MOTION ASTHE
SHOOTER IS IN MOTION
Now you have a visual reminder of the zones in motion. Basically the
zone is created at the sight picture of the firearm.
In front of the shooter will always be the hot zone.
57. What to Expect from Law Enforcement
Post Columbine active shooters incident, Law enforcement took a close
look at its response activity surroundingActive Shooters.
Previously the role the first officers on the scene took, was to secure the
perimeter and wait for the SWATTeam to arrive to engage the shooter.
After Columbine a review was conducted and it was determined that if the
two shooters had been engaged there most likely would have had less
death and less suffering from their attack.
58. What to Expect from Law EnforcementWhat to Expect from Law Enforcement
Active Shooter is considered the 4th/5th Generation Warfare
• Danger is immediate, the officer;
• Cannot wait for SWAT
• Must act now to save lives
• A “come as you are” affair for responders
– Weapons, equipment, skills, mindset, physical
condition
• You have less than a minute to act
• You’re it! This is what they pay the officer for!
59. What to Expect from Law Enforcement
Normal LE priorities
1. Officer safety
2. Hostage/public safety
3. Perpetrator apprehension or
neutralization
4. Perpetrator safety
Active shooter LE priorities
1. Neutralize perpetrator
2. Hostage/public safety
3. Officer safety
4. Perpetrator safety
60. What to Expect from Law Enforcement
• Imperative:
– Stop the violence NOW
• Theory of operation:
– Enter structure with minimally safe team
– Move quickly to sounds/source of violence
– Search only when source of violence unknown
– Move past victims and threats (IEDs, etc.)
– Engage and neutralize perpetrators
61. What to Expect from Law Enforcement
Optimum Situation
• First officer on scene is initial commander
– Has most information
– Directs other responding units
– Hands off command to supervisor
• Entry team(s): 4 officers
– Larger buildings have multiple teams enter different
entrances (note comms issue)
• Rescue team: 4 later-responding officers
• Ad-hoc ICS-commander outside
– Everyone can communicate with each other
62. Reality of the Circumstances
• It may be one or two officers.
• They can’t wait for Incident Command System or
supervisor.
• Their radio talks to whomever is available.
• No rescue team immediately on scene.
• Chaos will reign
Officers Job 1 is to neutralize the perpetrator. (Move
quickly to the fight)
63. 1-2 officer movement
• Fewer officers = more risk
• You go with what you have
• “Formation” is fluid and dependent on
environment
• All officers need to have basic
searching/clearing/movement training…
• Both alone and as part of a team
64. Simplified for the viewer
Officers will move quickly to the sounds of the shots.
if the shooting stops, they slow down.
They begin to check door knobs for security.
As they get closer to where they believed the shooting was they;
begin to clear rooms, one at a time.
Expect a long process, as other officers arrive on scene more guns
will be brought to the fight.
66. TheTerm Militia in theWebster Legal Dictionary as relates to the States
The militia belong to the states respectively, and are subject,
both in their civil and military capacities, to the jurisdiction and laws of the state,
except so far as these laws are controlled by acts of congress, constitutionally made.
67. Preamble to the
Declaration of
Independence
• The Second Amendment in
its entirety.
• A well regulated Militia, being
necessary to the security of a
free State, the right of the
people to keep and bear
Arms, shall not be infringed.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that
among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness.
That to secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed.That whenever
any form of government becomes destructive of
these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or
abolish it, and to institute new government, laying
its foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most
likely to effect their safety and happiness.
In many cases around the world, it has taken an armed revolution to abolish tyrannical governments, (a free state)
thus the 2nd Amendment.
68. The Objective
1. To identify a Lone-Wolf orTerrorist type attack.
2.To give you a real world view on firearms.
3.To assist you in identifying risky behaviors.
4.To reveal the ease in the concealment of weapons.
5.The object of your training is to keep you in the cold zone, give yourself a visual on how to escape.
6. How to respond in the Warm or Hot zone’s.
7. Give you a look into the fluidity of an active shooter situation and the float of each zone as he or she
moves.
8.What to do if you get out.
9. Give you a guide to follow in your everyday life
10. Remember the world we live in today is much different than the one we lived in, in the 1990’s.
69. ThanksToThe Following
The Department of DefenseAnti-Terrorism School at NellisAir
Force Base.
For Jon Renner’s participation in the development of this
presentation.
To the Department of State
U.S. Southern Command
U.S. Army Garrison Miami Florida