The document discusses the different types of tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. It notes that each tense can be further divided into simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms. For each tense and form, the document provides examples of usage and signal words. The types of tenses are used to indicate actions that occur once, over a period of time, before or after other actions, and at different points in the past, present or future.

1. By- group II

2. Tenses are of three types which can be further
subdivided into four types.
These are:
1. PRESENT TENSE
It can be further subdivided into…
• Simple present
• Present continuous
• Present perfect
• Present perfect continuous

3. 2. PAST TENSE
It can be further divided into:
• Simple past
• Past continuous
• Past perfect
• Past perfect continuous
3. FUTURE TENSE
It can be further divided into:

4. • Simple future
• Future continuous
• Future perfect
• Future perfect continuous

5. TENSE USES SIGNAL WORDS
a) Simple  Action in the present taking place once,  always, ever, never ,
never or several times. normally, often, usually,
present  facts sometimes, seldom…etc
 actions taking place one after another.
 actions set by a time table or schedule.
b) Present  action taking place in the moment of  at the moment, just , just
speaking. now, listen, look!, now, right
continuous  action taking place only for a limited now…etc
period of time.
 action arranged for the future.
c) Present  putting emphasis on the result.  already, never , just, ever,
 action that is still going on. not yet, so far, till now, up to
perfect  action that stopped recently. now….etc
 finished action that has an influence
on the present.
d) Present  putting emphasis on the course of  all day, for 4 years, since
duration ( not the result) 1993, how long?, the whole
perfect  action that recently stopped or is till week….etc
continuous going on.
 finished action that influenced the
present.

6. 1. Simple present tense:
 The servant comes and opens the door.
2. Present continuous tense:
 She is visiting the museum tomorrow.
3. Present perfect tense:
 They have won the match.
4. Present perfect continuous tense
 We have been living in this city for five years now.

7. TENSE USES SIGNAL WORDS
a) Simple past  action in past taking place once, never  yesterday, 2 mins ago, the
or several times. other day, in 1990, last
 actions taking place one after another. Friday….etc
 actions taking place in middle of
another action.
b) Past  action going on at a certain time in ma  when, while, as long
past. as…..etc
continuous  actions taking place at the same time.
 action in the past interrupted by another
action.
c) Past perfect  action taking place before at a certain  already, just, never, not yet,
time in the past. Once, until that day….etc
 sometimes interchangeable with past
perfect continuous.
 putting emphasis only on the fact(not
duration)
d) Past perfect  action taking place before at a certain  for, since, the whole day, all
time in the past. day….etc
continuous  sometimes interchangeable with past
perfect simple.
 putting emphasis on duration/course of
an action.

8. 1. Simple past tense:
 She worked hard last year.
2. Past continuous tense:
 He was laughing at the beggar when I saw him.
3. Past perfect tense:
 We had caught the thief before the arrival of the police.
4. Past perfect continuous tense:
 I had been wading through water for half an hour.

9. TENSE USES SIGNAL WORD
a) Simple  action in the future which cannot be  in a year, next week,
influenced. tomorrow, I think,
future  action that will finish by a certain time probably, perhaps, by
in the future. Monday, in a week….etc
 decision made for the future.
 conclusion for the future.
b) Future  action that is going on I n a certain time  in one year, for, the last
in the future. couple of hours, all day
continuous  putting emphasis on the coarse of the ,long….etc
action.
 action taking place before a certain time.
c) Future  denote an action that will be completed  shall have, will have….etc
before some particular time in the future.
perfect
d) Future  denote an action that will be going on at  shall have been, will have
or before some particular time in the been…..etc
perfect future.
continuous

10. 1. Simple future tense:
 It will rain in the month of December this year.
2. Future continuous tense:
 They will be discussing this matter in the afternoon.
3. Future perfect tense:
 The teacher will have taught this lesson by the end of this period.
4. Future perfect continuous tense:
 She will have been writing a book for two days when you meet her
tomorrow.