Ronald Reagan was a Republican actor who served as the 40th Governor of California from 1967-1975 and the 40th President of the United States from 1981-1989. He defeated incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election. As President, Reagan pursued policies of lower taxes, decreased regulation, increased defense spending, and cut social programs. He survived an assassination attempt in 1981 but was later diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease after leaving office.