This document outlines 10 rules for changing how scholars communicate: 1. Leverage existing communication flows rather than trying to change them. 2. Recognize that open access has been a disappointment as it has not fundamentally changed scholarly communication. 3. Continuing progress requires recognizing that more changes are still needed after many years of efforts. 4. Value things like data and software as scholarly outputs, not just publications. 5. Consider the entire research lifecycle from ideas to dissemination when thinking about changes. 6. Prove suggestions wrong through evidence rather than insisting that current ways must be upheld without question.

1. Ten Simple Rules for Changing How
Scholars Communicate
Philip E. Bourne, PhD, FACMI
Associate Director for Data Science
National Institutes of Health
September 23, 2015

2. History & Lets Crowd Source?
http://www.ploscollections.org/article/browse/issue/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fissue.pcol.v03.i01
2.6 million downloads

3. Rule 1
Figure Out the Flow & Go With It
(Aka Leverage What is Already
Happening)

4. One Obvious Change

5. We are at a Point of Deception …
 Evidence:
– Google car
– 3D printers
– Waze
– Robotics
– Sensors
From: The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress,
and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies
by Erik Brynjolfsson & Andrew McAfee

6. Example - Photography
Digitization
Deception
Disruption
Demonetization
Dematerialization
Democratization
Time
Volume,Velocity,Variety
Digital camera invented by
Kodak but shelved
Megapixels & quality improve slowly;
Kodak slow to react
Film market collapses;
Kodak goes bankrupt
Phones replace
cameras
Instagram,
Flickr become the
value proposition
Digital media becomes bona fide
form of communication

7. Are We Being Deceived?
The 6D Exponential Framework
Digitization
Deception
Are We Here?
Disruption
Demonetization
Dematerialization
Democratization
Open science
Free & Usable
Knowledge

8. Rule 2
Recognize Thus Far That Open
Access Has Been a Disappointment
http://mujeresdelsiglo21.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/little-girl-crying-1280x800.jpg

9. Rule 2 OA Disappointment
 Access has improved; leveraging the content only
marginally?
 The profits of closed access journals has increased –
presumably at the cost of more scholarship?
 The system is still broken – OA has not
fundamentally changed how scholars communicate

10. Rule 3
“Still Crazy After All These Years”
Not Paul Simon But Ten Years After

11. 1. A link brings up figures
from the paper
0. Full text of PLoS papers stored
in a database
2. Clicking the paper figure retrieves
data from the PDB which is
analyzed
3. A composite view of
journal and database
content results
Here is What I Want – The Paper
As Experiment
1. User clicks on thumbnail
2. Metadata and a
webservices call provide
a renderable image that
can be annotated
3. Selecting a features
provides a
database/literature
mashup
4. That leads to new
papers
4. The composite view has
links to pertinent blocks
of literature text and back to the PDB
1.
2.
3.
4.
PLoS Comp. Biol. 2005 1(3) e34

12. Rule 4
Value the Right Things

13. The Google Bus

14. Rule 5
Data Are Scholarship

15. Data Are Scholarship
* http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/estimates/April_March_13.htm
Jan. 2008 Jan. 2009 Jan. 2010Jul. 2009Jul. 2008 Jul. 2010
1RUZ: 1918 H1 Hemagglutinin
Structure Summary page activity for
H1N1 Influenza related structures
3B7E: Neuraminidase of A/Brevig Mission/1/1918
H1N1 strain in complex with zanamivir
[Andreas Prlic]

16. Rule 6
Software is Scholarship

17. Rule 7
Its Important to be FAIR
https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples

18. BD2K
Center
BD2K
Center
BD2K
Center
BD2K
Center
BD2K
Center
BD2K
Center
DDICC
Software
Standard
s
Infrastructure - The
Commons
Labs
Labs
Labs
Labs

19. Rule 8
Recognize New Levers When You See
Them

20. Rule 8 Lever: Preprint Servers
http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/07/11/022368

21. Rule 8 Lever: Reproducibility
 I can’t immediately reproduce the research in my own
laboratory:
• It took an estimated 280 hours for an average user to
approximately reproduce the paper
• Workflows are maturing and becoming helpful
• Data and software versions and accessibility prevent exact
reproducibility
Daniel Garijo et al. 2013 Quantifying Reproducibility in Computational Biology:
The Case of the Tuberculosis Drugome PLOS ONE 8(11) e80278 .

22. Rule 9
Its About The Whole Research Life
Cycle

23. The Research Lifecycle
IDEAS – HYPOTHESES – EXPERIMENTS – DATA - ANALYSIS - COMPREHENSION - DISSEMINATION
Authoring
Tools
Lab
Notebooks
Data
Capture
Software
Analysis
Tools
Visualization
Scholarly
Communication
Commercial &
Public Tools
Git-like
Resources
By Discipline
Data Journals
Discipline-
Based Metadata
Standards
Community Portals
Institutional Repositories
New Reward
Systems
Commercial Repositories
Training

24. The Research Lifecycle
IDEAS – HYPOTHESES – EXPERIMENTS – DATA - ANALYSIS - COMPREHENSION - DISSEMINATION
Authoring
Tools
Lab
Notebooks
Data
Capture
Software
Analysis
Tools
Visualization
Scholarly
Communication
Commercial &
Public Tools
Git-like
Resources
By Discipline
Data Journals
Discipline-
Based Metadata
Standards
Community Portals
Institutional Repositories
New Reward
Systems
Commercial Repositories
Training

25. Rule 10 Prove Me Wrong
So remember, when you're feeling very small
and insecure
How amazingly unlikely is your birth
And pray that there's intelligent life somewhere
up in space
'Cause there's bugger all down here on Earth
Monty Python - Galaxy Song Lyrics |
MetroLyrics

26. NIHNIH……
Turning Discovery Into HealthTurning Discovery Into Health
philip.bourne@nih.gov
https://datascience.nih.gov/