The document discusses the nexus between water and energy. It notes that thermoelectric power plants in western states consumed 292 million gallons of water per day in 2005. Both the energy and water sectors are vulnerable to drought. Drought can force power plant shutdowns and curtailments and increase electricity costs. The document examines water use for different energy technologies and the impacts of drought on energy reliability. It suggests that managing water-related risks will require valuing water resources, recognizing drought risk, and making informed choices about water-efficient energy options.
Marcellus Shale Wildlife/Nature Impacts Research Study from Nature ConservancyMarcellus Drilling News
A new "research study" published in the journal PLOS ONE, authored by the Nature Conservancy. The article is titled: "Shale Gas, Wind and Water: Assessing the Potential Cumulative Impacts of Energy Development on Ecosystem Services within the Marcellus Play." It attempts to make the case for centralized planning of Marcellus drilling in order to avoid undue impacts on wildlife and nature in the northeast.
052115 final nlm jd water energy goggles 2015 emc finalJim Dodenhoff
This presentation explores the “Water-Energy Nexus” and redefines the boundaries of a water-energy project. This newly developed conceptual framework can be used by the water industry and policy makers to rethink their approach to water-energy conservation programs.
at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014
HUG Siphon System
• The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam on the Ottawa River can be maintained at 179.5 m above sea level, while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m. This difference of 3 m is the basis of water transfer through a HUG Siphon System for 171 km.
• The HUG Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas. HUG can also be raised to189.5 m above sea level.
• It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3s for 135 m3
• Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion.
• The total initial cost of this mega project is $347.5 + $232.25 = $580 million.
• HUG has a potential of Hydro Revenue of $210 Million/yr (11 kW/m2)
• HUG has a potential of Water Export Revenue of 56 m3s@auction price of $0.13/ m3s of $180 Million/yr / HUG System
• Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems
• Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 million = 67%/yr for 1 HUG System.
• An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3s) is twice the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase.
• Nine bodies of 265 m3s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart, which can be diverted to Lake Superior.
Feasibility of using photovoltaic solar energy for water treatment plants IJECEIAES
The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of supplying photovoltaic solar energy for the electrical requirements of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, in six regions of Colombia, with different geographic and climatological conditions: Andean Region, Amazon Region, Orinoquía Region, Caribbean Region, Pacific Region, and Insular Region. The study revealed that the costs of the photovoltaic systems oscillate between USD 32,486.86 and USD 40,716.86, without using a storage system with batteries, since the price of these makes the investment recovery unfeasible. Instead of using batteries to store energy, a water storage system is used. The total daily load of the sanitation systems is 57 kWh/day, which would avoid 7120.44 kg CO2 per year. Besides, during the entire useful life of the 20-year project, 142.4 tCO2 would not be released into the environment.
Marcellus Shale Wildlife/Nature Impacts Research Study from Nature ConservancyMarcellus Drilling News
A new "research study" published in the journal PLOS ONE, authored by the Nature Conservancy. The article is titled: "Shale Gas, Wind and Water: Assessing the Potential Cumulative Impacts of Energy Development on Ecosystem Services within the Marcellus Play." It attempts to make the case for centralized planning of Marcellus drilling in order to avoid undue impacts on wildlife and nature in the northeast.
052115 final nlm jd water energy goggles 2015 emc finalJim Dodenhoff
This presentation explores the “Water-Energy Nexus” and redefines the boundaries of a water-energy project. This newly developed conceptual framework can be used by the water industry and policy makers to rethink their approach to water-energy conservation programs.
at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014
HUG Siphon System
• The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam on the Ottawa River can be maintained at 179.5 m above sea level, while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m. This difference of 3 m is the basis of water transfer through a HUG Siphon System for 171 km.
• The HUG Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas. HUG can also be raised to189.5 m above sea level.
• It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3s for 135 m3
• Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion.
• The total initial cost of this mega project is $347.5 + $232.25 = $580 million.
• HUG has a potential of Hydro Revenue of $210 Million/yr (11 kW/m2)
• HUG has a potential of Water Export Revenue of 56 m3s@auction price of $0.13/ m3s of $180 Million/yr / HUG System
• Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems
• Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 million = 67%/yr for 1 HUG System.
• An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3s) is twice the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase.
• Nine bodies of 265 m3s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart, which can be diverted to Lake Superior.
Feasibility of using photovoltaic solar energy for water treatment plants IJECEIAES
The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of supplying photovoltaic solar energy for the electrical requirements of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, in six regions of Colombia, with different geographic and climatological conditions: Andean Region, Amazon Region, Orinoquía Region, Caribbean Region, Pacific Region, and Insular Region. The study revealed that the costs of the photovoltaic systems oscillate between USD 32,486.86 and USD 40,716.86, without using a storage system with batteries, since the price of these makes the investment recovery unfeasible. Instead of using batteries to store energy, a water storage system is used. The total daily load of the sanitation systems is 57 kWh/day, which would avoid 7120.44 kg CO2 per year. Besides, during the entire useful life of the 20-year project, 142.4 tCO2 would not be released into the environment.
Climate Change Impacts on Reservoir based Hydropower Generation in Nepal: A c...Manjeet Dhakal
This result shows that winter is becoming dryer and rainy season is getting more and more rain that signifies essential need of reservoir based hydro powers also with greater water holding capacity in its reservoir. Similarly, there is temporal variation of different climate characteristics such as amount and intensity of rainfall, temperature and discharge in the river in study area. With the change in precepetatin pattern, Kulekhani in monsoon is receiving more rainfall on lesser number of days, this shows the chances of more sediment production in the watershed that lead to shorten lifespan of the reservoir.
Administrative Tools for Protecting River Flow Regimes - Robert Wigington, Th...rshimoda2014
Senior Water Policy Counsel, Colorado River Program, The Nature Conservancy
This presentation followed the panel titled: Great Rivers, Got Water, which discussed state law, federal law and administrative mechanisms for legally protecting river flow regimes.
This presents three administrative mechanisms that are being applied in the Upper Colorado River Basin: 1) programmatic biological opinions on water development and operations, 2) alternatives to determinations of wild & scenic suitability and to consequent wild & and scenic designation, and 3) interstate agreements for shepherding forgone water use to forestall compact curtailment.
Water – Energy Nexus, revised PDF by Candace BrownRobert Singleton
An updated presentation by Candace Brown for the Water Supply Advisory Committee Ideas Convention.
Proposal Summary:
I propose sustainable clean water through a reliable clean energy source--ocean energy.
Water – Energy Nexus Slideshow for the Santa Cruz Water Advisory SubmissionRobert Singleton
Candace Brown's submission slideshow to the Santa Cruz Water Supply Committee. Entitled "Energy Nexus and Sustainable Water through Ocean Energy, this idea will be presented at the Ideas Convention to be held on October 16th, 2014 at the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium.
Luna Phillips
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced its intent to adopt numeric nutrient criteria for Florida’s water bodies (lakes, streams, canals and estuaries). The criterion is
unprecedented in the nation and has drawn national attention to Florida’s water quality programs. The panel will discuss the legal genesis of this proposed rule, including the most up to date developments in the state legislature and Congress; its technical aspects, including the scientific basis for the rule; implementation
and relief mechanisms; and the criteria’s impact on Florida’s current permitting programs, as well as its impact on a wide variety of stakeholders in Florida.
Rainwater Harvesting in Australia Can Sustain Up To 99% of Freshwater Needs...Billy_Swain
In 2014, researchers from the University of Western Sydney studied the reliability and cost-benefit ratio of rainwater harvesting systems for peri-urban regions in Greater Sydney. They found that rainwater collection can supply up to 99% of toilet and laundry needs during the wet season and 69-90% during the dry season.
Water savings is energy savings:
Water not consumed saves energy
Water not transported saves energy
Water reused saves energy
Decentralized, ecological water treatment does all of the above
Climate Change Impacts on Reservoir based Hydropower Generation in Nepal: A c...Manjeet Dhakal
This result shows that winter is becoming dryer and rainy season is getting more and more rain that signifies essential need of reservoir based hydro powers also with greater water holding capacity in its reservoir. Similarly, there is temporal variation of different climate characteristics such as amount and intensity of rainfall, temperature and discharge in the river in study area. With the change in precepetatin pattern, Kulekhani in monsoon is receiving more rainfall on lesser number of days, this shows the chances of more sediment production in the watershed that lead to shorten lifespan of the reservoir.
Administrative Tools for Protecting River Flow Regimes - Robert Wigington, Th...rshimoda2014
Senior Water Policy Counsel, Colorado River Program, The Nature Conservancy
This presentation followed the panel titled: Great Rivers, Got Water, which discussed state law, federal law and administrative mechanisms for legally protecting river flow regimes.
This presents three administrative mechanisms that are being applied in the Upper Colorado River Basin: 1) programmatic biological opinions on water development and operations, 2) alternatives to determinations of wild & scenic suitability and to consequent wild & and scenic designation, and 3) interstate agreements for shepherding forgone water use to forestall compact curtailment.
Water – Energy Nexus, revised PDF by Candace BrownRobert Singleton
An updated presentation by Candace Brown for the Water Supply Advisory Committee Ideas Convention.
Proposal Summary:
I propose sustainable clean water through a reliable clean energy source--ocean energy.
Water – Energy Nexus Slideshow for the Santa Cruz Water Advisory SubmissionRobert Singleton
Candace Brown's submission slideshow to the Santa Cruz Water Supply Committee. Entitled "Energy Nexus and Sustainable Water through Ocean Energy, this idea will be presented at the Ideas Convention to be held on October 16th, 2014 at the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium.
Luna Phillips
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced its intent to adopt numeric nutrient criteria for Florida’s water bodies (lakes, streams, canals and estuaries). The criterion is
unprecedented in the nation and has drawn national attention to Florida’s water quality programs. The panel will discuss the legal genesis of this proposed rule, including the most up to date developments in the state legislature and Congress; its technical aspects, including the scientific basis for the rule; implementation
and relief mechanisms; and the criteria’s impact on Florida’s current permitting programs, as well as its impact on a wide variety of stakeholders in Florida.
Rainwater Harvesting in Australia Can Sustain Up To 99% of Freshwater Needs...Billy_Swain
In 2014, researchers from the University of Western Sydney studied the reliability and cost-benefit ratio of rainwater harvesting systems for peri-urban regions in Greater Sydney. They found that rainwater collection can supply up to 99% of toilet and laundry needs during the wet season and 69-90% during the dry season.
Water savings is energy savings:
Water not consumed saves energy
Water not transported saves energy
Water reused saves energy
Decentralized, ecological water treatment does all of the above
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric PowerContentsLand.docxYASHU40
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Power
Contents
Land Use
Wildlife Impacts
Life-cycle Global Warming Emissions
Contents
Land Use
Wildlife Impacts
Life-cycle Global Warming Emissions
Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small run-of-the-river plants.
Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and
Brazil), but it is unlikely that new facilities will be added to the existing U.S. fleet in the future.
Instead, the future of hydroelectric power in the United States will likely involve increased capacity at
current dams and new run-of-the-river projects. There are environmental impacts at both types of
plants.
Learn more: How Hydroelectric Energy Works
For more on the benefits of hydroelectric power and other renewable energy technologies, see
Benefits of Renewable Energy Use.
Land Use
The size of the reservoir created by a hydroelectric
project can vary widely, depending largely on the size of
the hydroelectric generators and the topography of the
land. Hydroelectric plants in flat areas tend to require
much more land than those in hilly areas or canyons
where deeper reservoirs can hold more volume of water
in a smaller space.
At one extreme, the large Balbina hydroelectric plant,
which was built in a flat area of Brazil, flooded 2,360
square kilometers—an area the size of Delaware—and it
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-0
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-1
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-2
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-0
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-1
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-2
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/how-hydroelectric-energy.html
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/public-benefits-of-renewable.html
only provides 250 MW of power generating capacity (equal to more than 2,000 acres per MW) [1].
In contrast, a small 10 MW run-of-the-rive plant in a hilly location can use as little 2.5 acres (equal to
a quarter of an acre per MW) [2].
Flooding land for a hydroelectric reservoir has an extreme environmental impact: it destroys forest,
wildlife habitat, agricultural land, and scenic lands. In many instances, such as the Three Gorges
Dam in China, entire communities have also had to be relocated to make way for reservoirs [3].
Wildlife Impacts
Dammed reservoirs are used for multiple purposes, such as agricultural ...
Water H₂OECS 1116 September 2016Donald B. OlsonProb.docxcelenarouzie
Water: H₂O
ECS 111
6 September 2016
Donald B. Olson
Problems with Water:
Demise of the Marsh Arabs
What sets the scales for water as a commodity?
What sets the price of water?
How does water quality enter the picture?
Is there a need to protect the price of water for some specific uses?
Does the last question suggest that waters has different worth under free trade?
When does water lead to diplomatic problems including war?
National Geo. Apr. 2010
Water in our Ecosystems: Cont.
Adequate water: Domestic, industrial, agricultural uses, and the rest of nature
Sustainability of water supplies: Future use
Maintenance of water quality: Pollution from natural (salt), industrial/agriculture, domestic sources.
Trans-boundary issues: Sharing water between cities/rural districts, states, countries.
Natural Saline Waters
Colorado River
Sources of fresh water:
Ground water: Aquifers
- Volume (km³), removal rate (km³/sec)
– Issue recharge rates and depletion times
Rivers and streams: Runoff in channels
- Volume transport (km³/sec)
- Downstream water quality
Lakes: Still waters, natural and dam created
- Volume exchange: Residence times
- Water quality and pollution build up
Residence and depletion times:
Residence time:TR Equilibrium (Steady State)
Depletion rates:TD
Rate of resource decay
Problems to consider:
Calculate the residence times for the different water pools in the last lecture (see Tables).
Discuss the assumptions you have to make to turn these global numbers into something that might be useful for policy. (What do you have to assume?)
Choose a lake that you are interested in and work out its water balance.
Calculate a depletion time for an aquifer.
Water Stocks in the Environment
21
From: Chow, Maidment and Mays, Applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill, 1988
Water Fluxes in the Environment
Salinity ~ 35 gm salt/kg sea water; potable water < 19
22
More on freshwater availability
23
Global Water Balance (land)
Rainfall (119,000 km3/yr or 31 in) =
Evapotranspiration (72,000 km3/yr or 19 in) +
Runoff (44,700 km3/yr or 11.7 in) +
Infiltration (2,200 km3/yr or 0.3 in)
Conclusion: the world lives on a “water budget”
24
Stocks and Fluxes
Budgeting of an environmental stock takes place over a period of time (day, month, year, etc).
[Change in Stock] = [Flux In]
- [Flux Out]
+ [Stock created]
- [Stock withdrawn]
25
Rainfall Data
Annual Rainfall in the Continental US, 1895-2003
Source: NOAA (www.noaa.gov)
26
Evaporation
Found by “evaporation pans”
Actual Evaporation =
Pan Evaporation x 0.70
27
Transpiration
Vegetation uptake and release of water for metabolic (growth) purposes
Uptake takes place through the roots
Release takes place through the leaves (stomata)
Vegetation functions as a “pass-through” for water
28
Source: Laio et al., Advances
In Water Resources 24, p. 708,
.
Austin Water is engaged in aggressive water conservation and climate programs aimed at reducing water use and addressing the water-energy nexus, while continuing to provide reliable and sustainable water and wastewater service to customers. The programs include: mandatory watering restrictions; installation of renewable energy at plants and facilities; and implementing employee ideas to save energy in operations – all while dealing with the worst drought since the historic drought of the 1950s.
Zero air pollution and zero carbon from all energy at low cost and
without blackouts in variable weather throughout the U.S. with 100%
wind-water-solar and storage
Nature Nights: A Low-to-No Snow FutureDesLandTrust
Mountain snowpacks have historically acted as large, natural reservoirs of water, as well as providing awesome recreational opportunities. In recent decades, however, snowpack has declined—another sign of a changing climate. If our climate continues to warm, snow loss will be exacerbated across the Western US, termed a “low-to-no snow future.” Join the Deschutes Land Trust, Dr. Alan Rhoades, and Dr. Erica Siirila-Woodburn to learn about the possibility of a low-to-no snow future in the Cascades. Dr. Rhoades and Dr. Siirila-Woodburn will offer proactive solutions to both mitigate the extent of and adapt to the changing conditions of a low-to-no snow future. Learn how you can help make a difference in our (hopefully!) snowy future.
Writing Sample - Ocean Energy Research Paperatsherwi
The following is a brief research paper that I wrote on ocean energy for an energy law course I took at Vermont Law School in 2009. This paper required research on energy policy, congressional legislation, and administration regulations.
Prepare to Launch! Guidelines for Accessing, Designing, and Building Launch Sites for Carry-in Watercraft. Updated April 2018.
A Guide to help facility and water trail planners and park and recreation project leaders plan, build or update an access site tailored to the needs of canoeists, kayakers, tubers, stand-up paddlers, or small craft sailors. It guides a reader through the development process from conception to design creation, and provides a variety of launch construction options.
Mayor Karl Dean, City of Nashville, Tennessee - Images from the 2010 Floodrshimoda2014
A devastating flood hit Nashville in early May 2010, drenching the city but uniting our community. Today, recovery efforts continue. Hundreds of citizens are rebuilding their homes and their lives, and the Metro Government is improving emergency preparedness and planning for Nashville’s long-term recovery.
Mayor Dean recounted the long hours of the weekend, whose national news profile was low. His inspiring story of emergency, recovery and rebuilding applauded the City's rapid assessment, prioritization and action; the committed staff who worked around the clock; and the community's embrace of recovery and restoration.
http://www.nashville.gov/Government/History-of-Metro/Nashville-Flood-May-2010.aspx
Environmental stewards program and River Restoration Program - Michael Rendon...rshimoda2014
The health of American rivers is essential to the communities and environments that depend on the beneficial ecosystem services provided. Historic impacts from mining, dams, and a variety of land use practices have left many river environments and riverside communities with a legacy of polluted waterways, erosion, and habitat degradation. With an increasing need to address river health it is essential to engage young adults in this work to conserve and preserve these resources for the future. Through emerging opportunities, young adults can learn skills, gain understanding, and physically work to restore and protect river systems. Programs- like those of the Southwest Conservation Corps- are working with partners to engage this population in various ways, providing much needed job training and education through stewardship.
Michael Rendon will present on Southwest Conservation Corp’s Environmental Stewards program, highlighting past successes and engagement models for DOI Bureaus and non-profits interested in obtaining a Steward. Showcased will be Inyo County’s work on the Lower Owens River Project, along with a Sturgeon habitat restoration project with the USGS Great Lakes Science Center that was nominated for the 2013 Secretary of the Interior Partners in Conservation Award.
Mike Wight will discuss collaborative work with corps programs and partnerships furthering multi-year, watershed-length habitat restoration initiatives on major tributaries in the Colorado River Basin. Word crews and interns provide much of the hands-on restoration implementation within these initiatives after completing comprehensive training.
In all three of these programs, participants foster a respect for river systems while gaining valuable work experience and building resumes for future conservation careers.
The Southwest Conservation Corps empowers individuals to positively impact their lives, their communities, and the environment.
Careers in natural resources initiative - Lisa Eadens, Colorado Alliance for ...rshimoda2014
There is great concern over who will protect, maintain and enhance our natural resources in the future. Currently, outdoor play time for kids is minimal, especially for children living in urban areas, while kids’ average “screen time” exceeds 40 hours a week. By some accounts, as many as 50% of state and federal land managers are retirement-eligible within the next five years. However, because a generation or more of children has not had a close and ongoing relationship with the outdoors, state and federal natural resource agencies are having difficulty recruiting employees who have the necessary skills, experience, education, and emotional connection to the outdoors to take over the management of public lands. Simultaneously, agencies not only need skilled candidates, they need candidates that represent the changing demographics of the state.
The Careers in Natural Resources Initiative aims to help youth make the leap from participation in an outdoor program to a sustainable career through three strategies that address different audiences along a spectrum from awareness to action.
Support Career Exploration – Most youth lack understanding of career opportunities in natural resources. To promote these opportunities and foster interest in natural resource careers, partners participated in 8th grade career fairs throughout the region and are planning a Careers in Natural Resource Experience this spring.
Develop Online Jobs Portal – Working with our partners, an online web portal that provides a single springboard to help organize and access needed information, job postings, and resources around natural resource careers was launched in the fall of 2013.
Create Career Guide – Publication of a Guide to Natural Resources Career Paths aimed at entry-level candidates is underway. The Guide will provide step-by-step assistance for youth interested in natural resource careers regarding how to apply and navigate state and federal job listings and application processes.
Chainsaw safety in and on water - Erik Wrede, Minnesota Department of Natura...rshimoda2014
River managers frequently need to make decisions with a balance of public safe passage and habitat protection in mind. Woody obstructions are critical to the health of aquatic ecosystems, and they can also present a public safety hazard. If the decision is made to remove woody obstructions, chainsaw work in/on water presents some very complex safety considerations. Compression, tension, buoyancy, gravity, current, and lack of visibility beneath the water are some of the factors that can affect a crew’s decisions about if and how to remove woody obstructions.
This session will give you a brief introduction to comprehensive safety training on how to use chainsaws while wading in a river, and while cutting from a jon boat. The full training includes a narrated PowerPoint with photos of various scenarios, and 5 quizzes. This is typically followed by two days of field training, guided by lesson plans and field evaluation forms. By understanding the anatomy of woody obstructions, river managers and crews will improve their risk analysis and planning skills.
The Minnesota State Water Trails system started in 1963 and includes 32 rivers and the North Shore of Lake Superior. The Minnesota DNR manages over 4,500 miles of routes for canoeing, kayaking, boating and camping.
Dedicated funding for rivers - Peter Hark, Rob Whitershimoda2014
Peter Hark - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Rob White - Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area, Colorado Parks and Wildlife
This workshop will explore dedicated funding models used to fund river recreation activities. Watercraft license fees are used by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources to develop and manage over 3,700 public water accesses, campsites, rest areas and portages. In Colorado, the Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area (AHRA) receives the majority of its funding from a portion of commercial outfitters total gross receipts from sales of authorized activities. The AHRA also receives funding through park pass and camping fees. In addition, Colorado Parks and Wildlife also funds it's statewide river ranger program through the River Outfitter Licensing program.
Colorado water conservation board and great outdoors colorado funding sources...rshimoda2014
These are two presentations from a panel moderated by Amy Beattie, Colorado Water Trust. Panelists included Josh Tenneson, Great Outdoors Colorado; Chris Sturm, Colorado Water Conservation Board; Caroline Bradford, Understanding Water Resources; Toby Sprunk, Eagle County Open Space; and Laura Makar, Pitkin County, Colorado
Federal funding for river projects - Stacey Ericksen, Jeff Shoemaker, Marge P...rshimoda2014
Advice from individuals who have created successful river restoration, water quality recreational improvement through private-public partnerships
- Stacey Eriksen – USEPA Region 8
- Bill Haas – Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Division Office
- Marge Price, David Howlett – Capitol Representatives
- Jeff Shoemaker – The Greenway Foundation
Managing a Wild and Scenic River - The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Compreh...rshimoda2014
This course presents agency responsibilities for managing a designated wild and scenic rivers (WSR). The content of this course is derived from Wild and Scenic River Management Responsibilities (March 2002), a technical report of the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Council (Council) (www.rivers.gov/publications.html).
Participation will result in increased understanding of the protection requirements associated with managing a designated WSR, and of the contents and key elements of a comprehensive river management plan (CRMP). This increased foundation will result in greater protection of each river’s values through development of its CRMP.
After completing this course, participants will be able to:
• Understand the provisions of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA) that guide management of a designated WSR.
• Share the management implications of designation within the river-administering agency and with local, federal and state governments, tribal governments, landowners and nongovernmental organizations.
• Provide guidance for decision makers relative to proposed projects and new decisions on federal lands prior to completion of the CRMP.
• Know the general contents and key elements of a CRMP.
• Develop an integrated approach for preparation of a CRMP.
Participants will increase their knowledge in:
• Protections provided in the WSRA.
• The application of the protect and enhance mandate of Section 10(a) to interim management and development of a CRMP.
• How to evaluate a proposed project or new decision on federal land prior to completion of a CRMP.
• How to prepare a detailed river corridor boundary.
• The protection and decision framework of a CRMP.
• How to prepare a CRMP.
Section 7 Determinations – How to complete a Section 7 - Randy Welsh, Steve C...rshimoda2014
This course presents an introduction to and how to complete a Section 7 Determination for the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA). The content of this course is derived from Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: Section 7, a technical report of the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Council (Council) (www.rivers.gov/publications.html).
Participation will result in improvements in future applications of Section 7, based on increased knowledge of its intent, content and procedures.
After completing this course, participants will be able to:
• Apply appropriate evaluative standards.
• Develop an integrated approach with appropriate interdisciplinary team members.
• Conduct an analysis adequate to support the determination.
• Provide early consultation/collaboration to federal assisting agency.
• Share information with landowners, local and state governments, and nongovernmental organizations.
Participants will increase their knowledge in:
• What a water resources project is under Section 7 of the WSRA.
• How to apply Section 7 to state-administered, federally designated rivers; congressionally designated rivers; and congressionally authorized study rivers.
• Definitions.
• Roles of the involved agencies.
• Evaluation standards for a designated river.
• Evaluation standards for a congressionally authorized study river.
• Evaluation procedures.
• The timing of a Section 7 analysis and determination, and the responsible official.
• Riverine stewardship.
Wild and Scenic River Study Process – How to complete a WSR Study - Cassie Th...rshimoda2014
This course presents an introduction to complete a the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA) Study Process for eligible or suitable river segments. The content of this course is derived from Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: Wild and Scenic River Study Process, a technical report of the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Council (Council) (www.rivers.gov/publications.html).
Participation will result in improvements in future applications of the Wild and Scenic River Study process, for both eligible and suitable river segments, based on increased knowledge of its intent, content and procedures.
After completing this course, participants will be able to:
• Apply the correct study methodology for a Wild and Scenic River study.
• Develop an integrated approach with appropriate interdisciplinary team members for the study process.
• Conduct the study, including public involvement.
• Share information with landowners, local and state governments, and nongovernmental organizations.
Participants will increase their knowledge in:
• The Wild and Scenic River study process requirements of the WSRA.
• The sources of information for rivers to consider in the study process.
• The differences between eligible and suitable river segments.
• The role of ORV’s in the study process.
• The differences in WSR classification and how to apply them to study segments.
• The requirements for interim management direction for eligible and suitable river segments.
Understanding and Managing Visitor Use on the Virgin River, Utah - Ericka Pil...rshimoda2014
This session describes lessons learned while addressing visitor use management and visitor capacity during the development of the Comprehensive River Management Plan for the Virgin River at Zion National Park and adjacent BLM Wilderness. This plan used a proactive and adaptive process of planning for and managing characteristics of visitor use and its physical and social setting. The process provides a variety of strategies and tools to sustain desired conditions for river values and provides the framework within which visitor capacity should be addressed when necessary. The plan followed guidance from both the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Coordination Council (IWSRCC) and the Interagency Visitor Use Management Council (IVUMC). Updates on the work of the IVUMC will be provided during this session. The IVUMC collaborated with the IWSRCC on their guidebook for “Addressing User Capacities in Comprehensive River Management Plans”. The IVUMC is also working to complete “how-to” guidebooks for the visitor use management framework, visitor capacity, and indicators and thresholds. Progress on these topics will be discussed in the context of the Virgin River planning effort.
Key Learning Objectives:
1) Understanding the planning framework for visitor use on Wild and Scenic Rivers
2) Gaining awareness about progress for visitor use management guidance on Wild and Scenic Rivers
3) Learning about how to address visitor capacity on Wild and Scenic Rivers
Managing Utah’s First Wild and Scenic River - Tracy Atkins, PE, AICP and Kezi...rshimoda2014
This session will describe the Wild and Scenic River planning framework used for the development of the Comprehensive River Management Plan for the Virgin River at Zion National Park and adjacent BLM Wilderness. NPS has developed a process that includes defining outstandingly remarkable values (ORVs), establishing goals and objectives for protecting river values, conducting boundary delineation, addressing development of lands and facilities, addressing visitor use management and capacity, evaluating water resource projects and instream flows, and establishing a monitoring strategy. This planning effort included river segments with very diverse visitation and management objectives – from highly developed frontcountry recreational segments to wild segments in designated Wilderness. This presentation will share outcomes of the planning process as well as lessons learned and on-going monitoring and planning efforts.
Key Learning Objectives:
1) Understanding the planning framework for Wild and Scenic Rivers
2) Best practices for planning and managing use on Wild and Scenic Rivers
3) Strategies for managing a variety of river segments from frontcountry to Wilderness
Wild and Scenic River Outstandingly Remarkable Value Identification and Asses...rshimoda2014
Paul Ayers - Biosystems Engineering, University of Tennessee
GPS-based river videomapping has been used to continuously map river systems at the National Park Service (NPS) Obed (45 miles) and Wekiva (12 miles) Wild and Scenic Rivers (WSR). River videomapping consists of continuously acquiring georeferenced video and river physical characteristics of river systems. Physical river features such as river width, depth, rugosity and sinuosity have been mapped in ArcGIS. In addition, substrate, river characteristic (pool, riffle, run), embeddedness and river infrastructure have been determined continuously. From these features, locations of wildlife habitat (including optimum endangered aquatic species habitat) and Outstandingly Remarkable Values (ORV) have be determined. ORV’s and human intrusion infrastructure (houses, docks, bridges, etc.) have been mapped at the Wekiva WSR. Dock density plots and associated images have been incorporated into the ArcGIS maps. Using the technology, “wild”, “scenic” and “recreational” ORV’s can be identified and mapped. The georeferenced video database of the Wild and Scenic River provides a snapshot of the existing ORV conditions that need to be mapped, monitored and managed. The video can be reviewed to detect river condition changes as impacts occur.
Aligning Watershed and Habitat Protection for Conservation Success in the Rac...rshimoda2014
Lindsay Gardner - Southeast Aquatics Resources Partnershp
Nothing is more important than water for human health and the health of our fish and wildlife resources. Clean water and abundant habitat are critical to functional aquatic ecosystems with healthy populations of fish and wildlife. Successful aquatic resource conservation at the watershed level requires a multipronged approach working with local communities to restore ecologically impacted or impaired streams and put land use/habitat protections in place. The collaborative efforts of the Southeast Watershed Forum (SEWF), Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership (SARP), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), Georgia Wildlife Resources Division (GWRD), and other key partners in the Raccoon Creek area of the Etowah River Watershed, Georgia, an EPA priority watershed, provide a positive example of this holistic approach to watershed management. Building on the conservation planning, land protection and restoration efforts by TNC on Raccoon Creek, this partnership is successfully working with Paulding County stakeholders to identify conservation priorities and align watershed and conservation planning with county land use planning to ensure long-term benefits for prime habitat and water quality. This work encourages conservation-oriented growth practices and habitat protections to benefit fish and wildlife, like the Cherokee darter, and supports the regional habitat objectives of the SARP-directed Southeast Aquatic Habitat Plan, addressing threats to aquatic resources and key habitat protections. An outstanding example of how on-the-ground restoration of aquatic resources at the local level, the project also addresses national conservation priorities and demonstrates how through community-supported land use quality growth planning it is possible to develop a strategy and stewardship ethic to maintain these resources for generations to come. Contributors: Christine Olsenius, Jane Fowler (SEWF); Scott Robinson, Lindsay Gardner (SARP); Kathleen Owens (TNC).
How to Make A Difference Commenting on an Environmental Impact Statement - Ma...rshimoda2014
Mary O'Brien - Utah Forest Program Director, Grand Canyon Trust
This session focuses on how to make a difference during the all-important scoping comment period of an environmental impact statement process. As well as suggesting significant issues for analysis in the EIS, and providing scientific information for the analysis, consider submitting a full alternative to be analyzed in detail in the EIS. It’s been done with great success, both before and during the scoping period.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Writing Environmental Assessments (...rshimoda2014
Helen Clough - Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, retired, Judith Kurtzman - Utah State University
Writing clear Environmental Assessments (EAs) as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is critical to successful implementation of the law and more importantly good decisions. The NEPA process must be well documented in clear language so that the proposals, alternatives and the environmental effects of proposals and alternatives are clearing explained. Often the NEPA analysis is not well documented resulting in costly delays in projects as appeals and litigation occur regarding the NEPA analysis.
This training session is a continuation of the materials presented in Writing Environmental Assessments, Parts 1 and 2. Resource-specific analysis (for examples, effects on wildlife, effects on recreation, effects on water quality) and cumulative impact analysis (effects of past, present, and “reasonably foreseeable” future actions) will be explored. Mitigation and monitoring will be addressed. As with the other NEPA sessions examples relevant to river management will be explored and critiqued. Ample time is allotted for discussion and questions from participants.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Writing Environmental Assessments (...rshimoda2014
Clough, Helen - Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, retired
This session follows Part 1 and will continue training on the EA process. Part 2 will address development of alternatives and description of the affected environment. Part 2 will end with a discussion of environmental consequences. Discussion of environmental consequences will carry over into Part 3.
While environmental impact statements (EISs) and environmental assessments (EAs) have been prepared for federal and federally funded actions for over 40 years, developing a reasonable range of alternatives, identifying the affected environment and the actual analysis of the likely environmental effects of a proposed action is often poorly understood.
The presenters will draw upon their over 50 years of experience with NEPA to describe alternatives, the affected environment and impact analysis focused on topics relevant to river management. Examples relevant to both river planning and river management will be explored and critiqued. Resource-specific analysis (for examples, effects on wildlife, effects on recreation, effects on water quality) and cumulative impact analysis (effects of past, present, and “reasonably foreseeable” future actions) will be explored. Sources of additional information and training on the subject will also be shared. Hands-on exercises will help participants expand knowledge and skill in impact assessment.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Writing Environmental Assessments (...rshimoda2014
Clough, Helen - Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, retired
Judith Kurtzman - Utah State University
Writing clear Environmental Assessments (EAs) as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is critical to successful implementation of the law and more importantly good decisions. The NEPA process must be well documented in clear language so that the proposals, alternatives and the environmental effects of proposals and alternatives are clearing explained. Often the NEPA analysis is not well documented resulting in costly delays in projects as appeals and litigation occur regarding the NEPA analysis. This training will focus on how to properly document the NEPA analysis for EAs with emphasis and examples relevant to rivers and river management.
This first part of the 3-part training will review NEPA and the types of NEPA documentation. The session will focus on scoping, public involvement, and defining the purpose and need for action. The session will include exercises and review of relevant documents. Ample time is allotted for discussion and questions from participants. The session will be followed up by Parts 2 and 3 covering the rest of the EA process.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Overview - Helen Clough, Judith Kurt...rshimoda2014
Clough, Helen - Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, retired
Judith Kurtzman - Utah State University
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has been in effect for over 40 years. The current federal regulations that implement the law have been in place for almost 30 years. Federal agencies with river management responsibilities have similar rules and procedures for implementing NEPA. This session will provide a general overview of NEPA with emphasis and examples relevant to rivers and river management.
Topics covered include the purpose and procedural requirements of NEPA; how NEPA is used in making decisions; applicability of NEPA; different levels of NEPA analysis including Environmental Impact Statements, Environmental Assessments, and Categorical Exclusions. The basic components of NEPA analysis including public involvement will be covered. There will be a brief discussion of other related laws and how NEPA is integrated into natural resource agency planning and decision making. Relevant examples from river management will be discussed.
This session is a prerequisite for those with little or no knowledge of NEPA.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. 2Western Resource Advocates
Thermoelectric power plants in
Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico,
Nevada, and Utah consumed an
estimated 292 million gallons of
water a day in 2005.
Lake Powell, 2005
(NOAA)
13% of the nation’s
energy use is by the water
sector (The River Network, 2009)
3. 3
Southern Drought May
Shut Down Nuclear
Plants
(2008)
Power plant could get
new Lake Powell
intake pipes (2004)
LES fears the
impact of
drought (2004)
Drought Could Pose
Problems for Texas
Power Plants (2011)
Texas Senate Hears
Warnings on
Drought and
Electricity (2012)
Texas heat
brings power
plants out of
mothballs (2011)
Warm seawater
forces Conn. nuclear
plant shutdown
(2012)
Climate change
challenges power
plant operations
(2012)
Record Heat,
Drought Pose
Problems for U.S.
Electric Power
(2012)
Will the U.S. Face
Blackouts as
Electricity
Generation Suffers
in Drought? (2012)
Prominent News Stories
4. Western Resource Advocates
Climate Change
4
Colorado River Runoff and Demands
5,000,000
7,500,000
10,000,000
12,500,000
15,000,000
17,500,000
20,000,000
22,500,000
25,000,000
1923
1928
1933
1938
1943
1948
1953
1958
1963
1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
1993
1998
2003
Calendar Year
FlowVolume(AF)
10-YEAR RUNNING AVERAGE
BASIN WATER SUPPLY
10-YEAR RUNNING AVERAGE
BASIN WATER USE
Source: Bureau of Reclamation• Current supplies = Current consumption
• Climate change Reduced supplies
5. Water Use for Energy
– Conventional electricity generation
– Renewables
5
6. Water Use for Energy
Graphics: UCS,
2011.
Freshwater Use
by US Power
Plants:
Electricity’s
Thirst for a
Precious
Resource.
7. Water Intensity of Electricity
7
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Coal(wet)
Nuclear(wet)
G
as
(steam
,wet)G
as
(CT)
G
as
(CC
,wet)
Coal,IG
CC
Coal,IG
CC
,with
CCS
Coal,PC,w
ith
CC
S
NG
CC,with
C
CSSolarCSP
(wet)
SolarCSP
(dry)SolarPV
W
ind
Biom
ass
(wet)
G
eotherm
al,binary
(dry)
G
eotherm
al,binary
(hybrid)
G
eotherm
al,binary
(wet)
gal/MWh
Conventional
Generation
Emerging
Technologies
Renewables
Coal Nuclear Natural Gas Solar Wind Biomass Geothermal
8. 8
Circle sizes are based on water
use.
Water use is estimated.
Water Use: Power Plants
9. Water Use: Life Cycle Analysis
Meldrum, Nettles-Anderson, Heath, and Macknick. (2013). “Life cycle water
use for electricity generation: A review and harmonization of literature
estimates.” Environmental Research Letters 8: 015031.
10. Water Use: Oil & Gas
1) COGA Fact Sheet: Water Use per Well
Activity Vertical/Directional Horizontal
Drill
Maximum of 600,000 gallons
(1.84 AF)
Hydraulically
Fracture
100,000 – 1,000,000 gallons
(0.31 – 3.1 AF)
2 – 5,000,000 gallons
(6.1 – 15.3 AF)
10
2) Chesapeake
Energy Fact Sheet
3) U.S. EPA Study
Plan
Activity
Denver Julesburg
Basin
Shale Gas Well
Drill
300,000 gallons
(0.92 AF)
NA
Hydraulically
Fracture
4,000,000 gallons
(12.3 AF)
2 – 4,000,000 gallons
(6.1 – 12.3 AF)
11. Water Use: Colorado New Oil & Gas Wells
11
Range of 22,100 – 39,500 AF/yr
could serve: 44,200 – 79,000 families
with reuse: 66,400 – 118,400 families
(166,000 – 296,000 people)
U.S. Census 2010 populations:
Fort Collins = 143,986 (4th largest city)
Lakewood = 142,980 (5th largest city)
Larimer County = 299,630
Boulder County = 294,567
Douglas County = 285,465
Weld County =252,825
Note: This
refers to
residential
needs only.
13. Impacts of Drought
13
Actual impacts depends on water rights and other factors.
Technology choices can act as a hedge against drought
NETL: An Analysis of the Effects of Drought Conditions on Electric Power Generation in the Western United States, 2009.
Coal Gas Hydro Renew.
ENS Prices CO2
Emissions
14. Impacts of Drought
Reduced hydroelectric generation.
– May lead to more power purchases, with potentially higher costs for
market purchases and greenhouse gas emissions.
WAPA: SLC Area Projects
-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
10,000,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
MWh
$-
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
Price($/MWh)
Net generation WAPA Purchases Purchased Power Price
15. Impacts of Drought
1. Texas, 2011 –
• Plants curtailed: 24 MW
• Record low water levels: 11,000 MW
• At risk: 3,000 MW
• Mothballed plants brought online –
470 MW
• Water rights curtailed – 1,200
2. Wyoming (Laramie River Station,
2008) –
• Power plant purchased/leased water
from other users.
15Western Resource Advocates
Photo: Wikipedia
Photo: TX OPUC
16. Impacts on Energy and Reliability
U.S. Department of Energy, 2013. U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities To Climate
Change And Extreme Weather.
17. How can the energy sector manage water-
related risks?
17
1. Information
2. Value water (and other
externalities)
3. Recognize the risk of
drought, and the value of
water-efficient resources as
a hedge
18. Managing Risk - Information
18
• Arizona
– APS - began reporting water use and water
intensity in 2009; evaluates water impacts of
future portfolios
• Colorado
– Utilities report water use, sources, and
water intensity (2011)
– Water (and value of water) was a factor in
the 2010 Clean Air-Clean Jobs hearings at
the CO PUC
• New Mexico
– PNM reports water use for current plants
and future scenarios
Western Resource Advocates
22. Energy Intensity of Water
22
Collection,
Extraction &
Conveyance
Water
Treatment
End-use
Agricultural
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Water
Distribution
Wastewater
Treatment
Wastewater
CollectionDischarge
Recycled Water
Treatment
Recycled Water
Distribution
Source
Source Graphic: Bob Wilkinson, UCSB
Western Resource Advocates
A substantial amount of energy is
used by the end-user, to heat,
cool, and pressurize water.
23. Energy Intensity of Water Supplies
YDP
Central Arizona
Project
GDP
SJ Chama
“Million”
Project
Windy
Gap
Central Utah
Project
SDS
Powell
Pipeline
CA Aqueduct
Carlsbad
Desal.
NISP
Western Resource Advocates
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
D
enver,C
O
Albuquerque,N
M
Phoenix,A
Z
Phoenix,A
Z
(C
AP
)
Tucson,AZ
(C
A
P)
Las
Vegas,N
VC
onservation
R
euse
(St.G
eorge,U
T)
Lake
P
ow
ellPipeline
(U
T)
N
orthern
Integrated
Supply
P
roject(C
O
)
Yam
pa
P
um
pback
P
roject(C
O
)
R
egionalW
atershed
Supply
Project(C
O
)
Southern
D
elivery
S
ystem
(C
O
)
SN
W
A
G
roundw
aterProject(N
V)
Yum
a
D
esalterProject*
(A
Z)
C
arlsbad
D
esalination
kWh/AF
Existing
Supplies
Proposed New Supplies
24. Energy for Water: Winning Strategies
Conservation Programs
SNWA’s “cash for grass” program
saves
– 77,000 AF/yr
– 160,000 MWh/yr
– 86,300 tons CO2/yr
24
Can we do more?
Western Resource Advocates
