The document discusses the water crisis in North America, highlighting innovative solutions like the James Bay water basin, which holds potential fresh water reserves. It elaborates on the challenges posed by drought, particularly in the American Southwest, and outlines various projects for water transfer, including the Northern Hydro Project and the Hug Siphon System. These projects aim to provide sustainable water resources while also generating significant economic revenue from water exports.

1. The Water Crisis Solution The James Bay Water Basin is one of the only basin in North America with water to spare. Without this new source of fresh water, there will be no more cheap water available. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

2. Great Lakes & Global Warming Record low levels of the Great Lakes coincided with the dust bowl years of the 1930s and a severe drought in 1964. The primary driving force is evaporation or global warming . Today the US drought is now so acute that, in some southern communities, there are heavy restrictions on water use. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

3. Great Lakes Glacial Phenomena The Great Lakes are a glacial phenomena - not a water basin. Despite all the threats of drought, there will not be one drop available from the Great Lakes to areas of water scarcity. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Bad News Good News If you put one drop into the Great Lakes, you can take a drop out, while helping to increase its own water level.

4. The Arid American West The American West could be more arid than at any time since the advent of European settlement. Analysis * of 19 computer models of the future: sometime before 2050, the Southwest will be gripped in a dry spell akin to the Great Dust Bowl drought that lasted through most of the 1930s. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 There appears to have been a return to a more drought stricken climate. * Findings of Richard Seager, a senior researcher at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/drought

5. We Don’t have to Wait 40 years. The Ogallala Aquifer in the High Plains states,11 million acres of farmland, will run dry in 10 years . California has a 20-year supply of freshwater left. New Mexico has only 10 years . Another problem is the country’s growing population, expected to reach 450 million by the middle of the century, or roughly 50 percent more people than now. North America is not running out of water, but we are running out of time to tackle critical water stress problems. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

6. The Canadian Prairie Transfer Canal The Canadian prairies and the US Midwest are facing an unprecedented water crisis today. A $780 million 1000km long siphon system is sustainable & innovative. Source: GRANDCO, Thomas Kierans. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m 3 s for 135 m 3

7. Northern Hydro Project The Northern Waters project would capture 800 m 3 s - 2000 m 3 s of seasonal runoff before it flows North. There was a time when the thought of transporting oil across the ocean seemed silly, too. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Explained by Pierre Gingras in an Economic Note published by the Montreal Economic Institute (MEI)

8. Northern Hydro Project The Broadback, Waswanipi and Bell Rivers would capture the seasonal runoff and gather it in basins before it flows into the northern lowlands. The surplus waters would then be diverted via the natural riverbeds through a series of pumping stations along the Bell River. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Explained by Pierre Gingras in an Economic Note published by the Montreal Economic Institute (MEI)

9. Southern Water Project This surplus could be delivered to the Midwest and South via a detour through the Chicago Canal and Mississippi River. Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

10. Ontario HUG * Siphon Project HUG * is a New Good: the key to power of future hydro technology in Ontario. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 * * H elical U nique G eneration System

11. What is a New Good? A New Good was never there before, which substantially deviates from any other good or service produced before. Romain Audet [email_address] AUGUST 9, 2010

12. Fresh Water to the Great Lakes Fresh water can be transferred without using much electricity, which is used to prime the siphons. Romain Audet [email_address] AUGUST 19, 2010

13. Clean Fresh Water from Deep of Lake Michigan Fresh water can be siphoned from intake pipes that extend 2 – 3 km into Lake Michigan and are 15 meters below the surface. These intakes are far from sources of pollution. . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

14. A Canadian Solution to Water Crisis in South Western U.S. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

15. A Canadian Solution to Water Crisis in Midwest & Southern U.S. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 NARA can reverse the depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer.

16. Many Other Fresh Water Projects Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 FRESH WATER PROJECTS Distance Volume Central Valley Project Sacramento 85% irrigation 600 km 274 m 3 s Central Arizona Project Colorado $4Billion 1968-1994to Phoenix and Tucson 90% irrigation 528 km 59 m 3 s Central Utah: Project Colorado 242 km 10.6 m 3 s Chicago Diversion to the Mississippi River 40 km 91 m 3 s Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant: $158 M 1.1 m 3 s Las Vegas: $2 billion by 2014 40,000 acre foot (Buried water pipeline: 150 million gallons/ day) 400 km 1.56 m 3 s The Alaska-California Subsea Pipeline Project 644 -3380 km $110 Billion NARA projected at US$390M/yr. (FOB Great Lakes) Add $1.25M/ mile or $780,00/km for pipeline (2007) 570 km 1,074 m 3 s

17. Inter-basin Water Proposals are Not New SOURCE: P.H. Pearce, F. Bertrand and J.W. MacLaren, "Currents of Change", FINAL REPORT OF THE INQUIRY ON FEDERAL WATER POLICY [Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1985] p.127 Magnum Plan {Magnusson} - Peace R. , Athabasca R. , & N. Saskatchewan Rivers Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 PROPOSED PROJECT ( No C ost E stimates A vailable ) Volume of Fresh Water (m 3 s ) Great Lakes-Pacific Waterways plan { Decker } Skeena R ., Nechako R . & Fraser R ., of B.C., Peace R. , Athabasca R. , & Saskatchewan R . 4 , 500 983 NAPAWA-MUSCHEC or Mexican-United States Hydroelectric Commission {Parsons} – NAPAWA sources, plus lower Mississippi & Sierra Madre , Oriental Rivers of South Mexico. 5 , 517 North American Waters, A Master Plan [NAWAMP] { Tweed } - Yukon & Mackenzie Rivers, plus drainage to Hudson Bay. 58 , 663

18. There were High Priced Proposals * T his plan would involve 240 dams and reservoirs, 112 water diversions and 17 aqueducts and canals . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 PROPOSED PROJECT S Volume of Water ( m 3 s ) Estimated Price (200 8 ) North American Water And Power Alliance [NAWAPA] {Parsons} – Pacific & Arctic drainage of Alaska, Yukon & B.C. * 9830 $16 6 Billion Kuiper Plan {Kuiper} – Peace R. , Athabasca R. , and N. Saskatchewan R. in Alberta; Nelson R. and Churchill R. in Manitoba. 5865 $8 3 Billion Central North American Water Project [CeNAWP] {Tinney} – Mackenzie, Peace , Athabasca, N. Saskatchewan, Nelson & Churchill Rivers. 5865 $ 50 Billion to $8 3 Billion Western States Water Augmentation Concept {Smith} – Liard R. & Mackenzie River. 5865 $14 9 Billion

19. Economically Feasible Water Cost of the New Fresh Water Supply Power Station and Water Supply System O&M $ 30 M/yr Net Cost: $ 5,445 M at 480 Monthly Payments at 6.59% due 20 50 616 M/yr Supervision, Management and Labour 5 M/yr Total annual amortized cost $ 651 M/yr New Water Volume Recycled ( 1,074 m 3 /s x 60 x 60 x 12 x365) 16.9 Billion m 3 /year Annual Cost of each m 3 ( $ 651 M / 16.9 Billion) FOB Great Lake $ . 039 /m 3 or $48/acre-foot FOB Great Lakes 2200km (1380 miles: $2.9M to $6.5M per mile ) to Texas from Great Lakes through Lake of the Woods, Ont. to the Rio Grande River: $4 to $9-billion : 100 m 3 /s = 1.57 Billion m 3 /year@ $4 billion: $2.55/m 3 Another Lower Estimate: $1.25M/mile : $1.10/m 3 Comparables Annual Cost of each m 3 : UK (2006) incl. VAT $2.13/m 3 Annual Cost of each m 3 : (U. S. $925/acre-foot ) $.75/m 3 Water Export Revenue of 1074 m 3 s at the auction price of $0.13/ m 3 s: $3.45 Billion/yr Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

20. Similar Proposed Projects In Russia, a canal 200 m wide and 16 m deep southwards for some 2500 km using the flows of Siberia's rivers to carry 856 m 3 s of water. This would like irrigating Mexico from the Great Lakes: $40 billion In China, 300 km of tunnels from the Yangtze, to a new 1,240 km (764-mile) canal to Beijing. This would be like altering the course of the Mississippi River to service New York City with 444 m 3 s: $40 billion . One estimate to build a pipeline over 2200km (1380 miles) to Texas from James Bay through Lake of the Woods, Ontario to the Rio Grande River in Texas: $4 to $9-billion . This is $2.9M to $6.5M per mile . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

21. Contrast our Modest Cost The U.S. Federal Government is contributing most of the cleanup of the Chesapeake Bay: $29.3 billion in capital costs. The U.S. Government is currently engaged with the State of Florida in an initiative $10.5 billion to restore the Everglades (another environmental problem). U.S. Federal aid to highways annually : $ 31 . 2 billion (2005). This is not too dissimilar to water ways. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

22. A Ready USA Market There have been a frustrating number of proposals to access the Great Lakes: A proposal to the High Plains states & the Southwest (1984). Into the Mississippi River and ultimately to Mexico (1964–68). To the Missouri River in South Dakota: 400 mile canal (1983). South Dakota and Minnesota partnering to Wyoming. Lake Erie to the Ohio River (1986–91). To Southern Illinois (1987) In Northeast Kansas, to the Missouri River ($200 million) All Proposals have been rejected in the past by the International Joint Commission, who administers the Great Lakes. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

23. Annual Potential Revenue Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 The Potential Revenue for 1074 m 3 s is $4,296 million/year. 1074 m 3 s

24. The HUG Turbine System can help you: Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Develop a leading role in this new technology, which allows you to go international. Allow you to expand in entirely new markets , because of the flexibility of HUG . Develop a ready USA market for Water Export. Allow you to find support in green energy and innovation government programs, in order to reduce any risk factors.

25. The HUG Turbine System is Profitable: Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Allow you to license the technology for a high fee initially, because you will be in a monopolistic position and you are expected to charge the clients for your R&D. High Ontario FIT prices are established from inefficient wind turbine technology. This allows you to keep profits high. (using Ontario FIT Guaranteed sale price of $131/MWh or Quebec prices of $79/MWh less your cost of $5.46/MWh ). Allowing you to sell up a Private Public Partnership for a very high initial return and a reasonable annual return for managing the project. Earn extra revenue from the sale of carbon credits.

26. Avoid the High Cost of Droughts Throwing good money ($6-8 billion) after bad money (unnecessary losses) Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Time Frame Drought/Heat Wave Costs (Actual) Estimated 1987-89 Northern Plains: Drought Relief: $4Billion $40 Billion Summer 1993 Southeast U.S. $1.0 (1.3) Billion Summer 1998 Southern: from Texas/Oklahoma eastward to the Carolinas. $6.0-$9.0 (6.6-9.9) Billion Summer 1999 Eastern: Very dry summer and high temperatures, mainly in eastern U.S. $1.0 (1.1) Billion Spring-Summer 2000 South-central and Southeast states $4.0 (4.2) Billion Spring through early Fall 2002 Large portions of 30 states: the western states, the Great Plains, & eastern U.S. Over $10.0 ($11-12) Billion Spring-Summer 2006 Widespread Drought: Centered over the Great Plains region with portions of the south and far west Over $6.0 Billion

27. The Huron Canal Option The canal excavation can be built for 800 m 3 s. If the velocity of the flow of the canal is 2 m/s and the depth of the canal is 3 m, the width of the canal will be 134 m over the entire length of 171 km . Yet this option poses major problems to populated areas. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

28. Sustainable Ottawa River The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam can be maintained at 179.5 m , while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

29. Sustainable Lake Huron The total length the water transfer is 171 km . The HUG Siphon System is less evasive. The HUG Siphon System captures energy along the pathway. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

30. Ontario River HUG : First Leg The Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas, rivers and lakes, unlike the Huron Canal option. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

31. Water Runs Uphill : Second Leg Using a siphon, the heights of land are excavated to a maximum height of 189 m , which is 10 m above the 179.5 m level of the Ottawa River. Alternatively, the canal depth would have to be 176.5 m . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

32. Excavating River Beds Excavating river bed can create a water level difference to allow for siphoning. Romain Audet r [email_address] AUGUST 19, 2010

33. The HUG Siphon Sucks Literally! Water pumps are unable to raise water more than 10.1 m (33 feet high) from its source. The tallest barometer is 12m high, because it measures air pressure with a column of water * . The HUG Siphon System can then be raised from 179.5 m as high as 189 m . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 * A barometer has .76 m of mercury ; a similar barometer level of water (as above) is 10.1 m (33 feet) high.

34. Estimates of the First Leg The Development Cost includes a full HUG Turbines System, which produces 36.5 kW /turbine x 3125 HUG pairs = 228 MW. The designated Patent Promotion Fee is initially offered to promoters (under contract). Hydro Revenue: (Ontario FIT) (using $131/M W h x 1 . 60 0,000 MWh) = $210 Million/yr Return on Investment : $210 / $232.25 = 90% in First Year only Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 ($Million) Civil Works 9.0 Access Roads 8.8 Large Dimension Pipes (3m diameter): 56 m 3 s 18.0 Helical Turbine Pair: 25,000 m / every 8m: 3,125 HUGS x 2 x $15,000 93.8 Rock Excavation/lineal meter $25 cubic meter: $750/ meter x 2,000 m 1.5 Control System .5 Electric Power Converter/Generator 228 MW DFIG 11.6 Transmission and Grid Connection .2 Electrical Connections .5 Electrical and Mechanical Overhead .25 Miscellaneous 5.6 Subtotal $149.75 Engineering and Design 15% 22.5 Project Management 10% 15.0 Patent Promotion Fee * (5%) 7.5 Environmental studies & licensing 5% 7.5 Contingency (20%) 30.0 Estimated development costs: $232.25 ($1,019/ kW)

35. Estimates of the Second Leg The second leg has no HUG turbines in the interest of project readiness. HUGS can be added after the spring flood. Water Export Revenue of 56 m 3 s: auction price of $0.13/ m 3 s = $180 Million/yr / HUG System The total initial cost is $347.5 + $232.25 = say $580 million. Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 = 67%/yr. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 ($Million) Civil Works 52.5 Access Roads 50.0 Large Dimension Pipes 105.0 Rock Excavation/lineal meter $25/m 3 $750/ meter x 1 2,000 m 9.0 Miscellaneous 32.0 Subtotal $248.5 Project Management 10% 25.0 Patent Fee 5% 12.5 Environmental studies & licensing 5% 12.5 Contingency (20%) 50.0 Estimated development costs: $347.5

36. Water Export Revenue Source: World Commission on Water for the 21 st Century, 1999. (www.worldcouncil.org). Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 Water Export Revenue of 56 m 3 s: auction price of $0.13/ m 3 s = $180 Million/yr/ HUG Water Export Revenue of 2000 m 3 s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems Comparables: U. S. (2006) $.66/m 3 average

37. Seasonal floodwaters of Ottawa River Ottawa River Discharge Volume as Measured at Carillon Dam Year Max. Flow Min. Flow Yearly Average m 3 /s m 3 /s m 3 /s 2004 4,917 534 1,960 2003 4,792 519 1,811 2002 5,947 666 2,064 2001 4,070 563 1,700 2000 3,205 971 1,801 Average 4,586 650 Average Additional Flow, which river can handle: (4,586 - 650) 3,936 (Source: ORRPB: “Historical Streamflow Summary”) Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

38. Comparative Low Cost Alternative The Helical Turbine System has the lowest Energy Installation Costs. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

39. Clean Energy Demands The goal should be a 50% reduction in global carbon-dioxide emissions by the middle of the century. This means every year the world needs: 30 new nuclear plants 17,000 windmills 400 biomass power plants Two hydroelectric facilities the size of China's massive Three Gorges Dam 42 coal and gas power plants with yet-to-be-developed carbon-capture technology Romain Audet [email_address] FEBRUARY 9, 2010

40. Making Green Energy Cheaper Fortunately, there is a smarter way to deal with global warming: we make green energy cheaper. The miracle of the modern age -- the personal computer didn't become household items because governments subsidized purchases or forced up the price of typewriters. Typewriter Man Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

41. Funding Basic Research The R&D that got Neil Armstrong to the moon in 1969 made it possible for Apple to introduce the first Mac in 1976. Forget about subsidizing inefficient technologies or making fossil fuels too expensive to use. Instead, let's fund the basic research that will make green energy too cheap and easy to resist. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

42. Helical Pathway Patent The HUG Patent explained: Oval helical turbine s harness kinetic energy are inserted in a Helical Pathway System in fast flowing waters . An 80 page Patent (44 images) has been registered. None of the 44 images appear in this presentation. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

43. HUG Captures the Vortex Power of Water We have all experienced vortexes in our lives: the fast draining sink. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

44. The Venturi Pathway The scientist, Giovanni Venturi, tested conical contractions. The classical venturi consists of a 21°conical contraction, straight throat and 7-15°conical expansion. ( Velocity ) 2 = 2 x g x s Acceleration of gravity = g = 9.8 m/s 2 Velocity = 7.67 m/s for 3 m drop (s) of siphon At the convergence, the Final Velocity = 10.4 m/s Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

45. Turbine Power in Siphon The Power of each Turbine in a Siphon incline: KE = ½ x A x V 3 x efficiency ( A = area swept ) = ½ x 3.26 m 2 x ( 10.4m/s ) 3 x .35 = .64 MW /turbine Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

46. The Double Convergent Pathway The venturi design incorporates a smooth convergence. The fluid stream area is decreased, causing the velocity to increase. An inflatable pipe plugging product restricts fluid flow on either side. Maintenance and inspection is easier and less costly. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

47. The Vortex Pathway HUG , creates a vortex . The Velocity in the flume of the HUG is four times faster than placing the turbine directly in the path of a straight flow. The Final Velocity of 10.4 m/s, which is increased at the conical convergence, is further increased in the vortex . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

48. The Helical Turbine is the Most Efficient: 35% Propeller turbine s have an efficiency of 20% compared to the Helical Turbine ( 35% ). Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

49. Oval Helical HUG Power Oval Helical turbines have power of .64 MW /turbine. A community will require a minimum of 1.93 MW of power in winter with a 3-Oval Turbine HUG System . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

50. Modular Oval Turbines installed on Site The modular unit of the oval twin turbines in an inner envelope can be replaced without interference to the flow of the siphon. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

51. Plastic Extruding Machine on Site The large diameter (3 m) plastic pipe is formed by wrapping of polyethylene (PE) sheets, which provides excellent flexibility. The PE protects the steel, which provides stiffness. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

52. New Technology: Earth-moving Machines Excavator Bucket 40 m 3 Romain Audet [email_address] March 2, 2008 More Efficient Hydraulic excavators. Worker

53. New Technology: Tunnel Boring Machines Romain Audet [email_address] March 2, 2008 Non-invasive Canadian tunnel boring machines measure 6 meters in diameter. This didn’t exist until 1985.

54. Helical Turbines in Open Water Helical Turbines have been successfully developed over the last 15 years. Gorlov Experimental Helical Turbine Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

55. Commercially Viable New Technology Investment in helical turbines has increased from US$13 million in 2004 to US$257 million (Korea) in 2007. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

56. Electricity & Fossil Fuel Energy Energy costs of diesel electricity (not including capital costs) are very high: $0.63 per kWh vs. $ 0. 15 / kW h for HUG . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

57. Why so much Power? A negative pressure or a sucking action is created from a spiral centripetal motion. The Velocity in the flume of the HUG is four times faster than placing the turbine directly in the path of the river: 36.5 kW /turbine Power Density : 173 kW/m 2 Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

58. Velocity is King: Romain Audet [email_address] FEBRUARY 9, 2010 The most critical factor is the Velocity of the flow. A quadrupling of the Velocity from 1 m/s * multiplies the Kinetic Energy (KE) by 4 3 or 64x , by the formula: KE= ½ x A x V 3 x efficiency ( A = area swept; V elocity ) = ½ x 3.26 m 2 x ( 4 m/s * ) 3 x .35 = 36.5 kW /turbine Red Area denotes High Velocity of Flow at the flume. 11 kW/m 2 * Based on a discharge of 56 m 3 s per A of 3.26 m 2

59. The HUG Prototype 1, 682 M W h can sustain 1 ,360 average households annually@ 12,000 kilowatt-hours ( KW h ) /household. * The designated Fee is initially offered to promoters (under contract). The fees for succeeding systems will be allocated to community development (5%) and patent fee (5%). Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 The HUG Prototype: 0.24 MW One Twin Oval Helical Turbine: Length: 5 m ; Head: 3 m; Depth 6m 1 Modular Helical Pathway , Helical Turbine & Vanes & Striations (62%) $ 324 ,000 Control System & Generators & Converters for DIFG 0. 24 MW : ( 9.5%) 50 ,000 Transmission and Grid Connection: (11.5%) 6 0,000 Module Anchors & Slot Construction (1.25m) $1,500/m x (50m) (17%) 90 ,000 Subtotal $524,000 Contingency, Insurance, Legal costs, Bank fees, Interest (15%) 78,600 Total Helical Turbine System Cost $ 602 , 6 00 Engineering Planning and Design (15%) 90 ,000 Promotion Patent Fee (10%) 60 ,000 Total Costs: 0.2 4 MW $ 3 , 136 / KW $ 752 , 6 00 80% utilization rate : 1, 682 MWh * [ x $79/MWh (Quebec) $133,000/yr or 17.5 % /yr. (ROI) ] Annual Return on Investment (ROI) : (Ontario FIT) (x $131/MWh) $220,000 = 29%/yr.

60. HUG Pilot Project * The designated Fee is initially offered to promoters (under contract). The fees for succeeding systems will be allocated to management fees (5%), community development (4%) and patent fee (1%). 80% utilization: 7 ,015 MWh [x $79 (Quebec)] $ 554 ,000: ROI = 7 % in first year only. Annual Return on Investment: (Ontario FIT) (using $131/M W h) $ 919 ,000 = 12.7 % The First 1.0 MW Prototype HUG System HUG Length: 31 m ; Diameter/Depth: 6 m ; Twin Oval Helical Turbines: 28 Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010 28 Turbines @ $8,750 $245,000 28 Submersible Generator @ $5,000 140,000 1 Module Cylindrical HUG 1,250,000 Civil Works 1,625,000 Control System 407,000 Electric Power Converter/Generator for 6.7MW DFIG 593,000 Transmission and Grid Connection 86,000 Electrical Connections 550,000 Electrical and Mechanical Overhead 114,000 Subtotal $5,010,000 Contingency, Insurance, Legal costs, Bank fees, Interest: (15%) 752,000 Total Helical Turbine System Cost $5,762,000 Engineering Planning and Design (15%) 864,000 Patent Promotion Fee* (10%) 576,000 Total Costs : 1.0 MW $1075/kW (.153/kWh) $7,202,000

61. Public Ownership – Private Development The water sector is one of the natural local monopolies. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) ensure that water remains a universal human right and a freely accessible public good. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

62. “ Build-Transfer-Operate ” Model The NARA Partnership contracts with a private partner to build a facility. Once completed, the private partner transfers ownership of the facility to NARA. NARA then leases the facility back to the private partner under a long-term lease. The private partner involved in the design and construction of the infrastructure has an opportunity to earn a reasonable 10% pre-tax equity return. The original NARA partners will be open to new co-owners and invite all water supply and sanitation organizations to become "implementation partners" of the initiative. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

63. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSERC invests more than $2-billion annually in technology R&D incentive s for Manufacturing , Energy Resources & Northern Development , etc. The Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program provide an investment tax credit (ITC) of 35% . Average Strategic Project: $120,000 Average Discovery Grant: $30,000 Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

64. NSERC Short List Baird Engineering & Sciences Hatch Associates Ltd Hydro-Québec Oceanworks International Corporation Risk Services : Ontario Power Generation Inc. Siemens Westinghouse Tecsult Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

65. Helical Turbines: Environmental Zero Effects People requiring resettlement: zero Areas flooded: zero Dam Reservoir unsuitable for fish : zero N atural habitats affected: zero Adverse noise & visual impact : zero Two million m 3 of concrete for a dam: saved Romain Audet [email_address] August 9, 2010

66. Environmental Impacts A great deal more research is warranted. There is a flip side to an environmental impact: the dangers of inter-basin water transfers must be balanced by a greater risk, the Great Lakes environment. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

67. Wind Turbine Power Since wind turbines are so unpredictable, conventional power plants have to serve as back-ups. These run at less than half power most of the time. This is all terribly uneconomical . 2000 Wind Turbines is four times more costly than one HUG System, because water is 1,000 times denser than air. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

68. This Project Reduces Global Warming. Companies that exceed the emission limits must soon buy credits of $284,000 worth of carbon credits, from the 1 MW of new clean energy, which will add to our revenue. Power generation of 228 MW is worth $65 Million . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

69. The Alternative: Desalination Plants. An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m 3 s) is twice the price , because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase. Improperly structured subsidies can prove economically inefficient and hamper sustainable development. Seawater desalination plants grants: Federal financial support: $200 per acre-foot (.16 /cubic meter) State subsidies – California: $5 million per project Municipal – S. California: $250 per acre-foot (.20 /cubic meter) Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

70. A Stop Gap Solution for the Water Crisis Siphon Pipes from a height of 200 m above sea level to 183 m at L. Superior. Nine bodies of 265 m 3 s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart. The Inter-body Water Transfer Ecological Risk is non-existent. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

71. Supporting Lake Superior A HUG Siphon can tap into the spring flooding river system along the USA - Canada border (One of nine Siphon System for 265 m 3 s ) . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

72. Supporting Lake Superior This HUG Siphon system can tap into the river system flowing west away from Lake Superior. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

73. Sustainable Lake Superior This HUG Siphon System can tap into a flowing river system only 4 km away, which is sustainable, especially in the spring. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

74. Sustainable Lake Superior The sustainable HUG Siphon System can tap into a flowing river system heading west. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

75. Supporting Lake Superior This HUG Siphon system can tap into flood waters flowing north from a lake 10 km away. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

76. Sustainable Lake Superior This HUG Siphon System can tap into a major river system 12 km away , flowing north. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

77. Sustainable Lake Superior This HUG Siphon System can tap into a major river system, which is sustainable, especially in the spring. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

78. Sustainable Lake Superior This HUG Siphon System can tap into a major river system, which is flowing north, 7.8 km away. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

79. Supporting Lake Superior This HUG Siphon system can tap into the river flowing 8 km away, from March to July. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

80. Key Issue: Great Lakes Water Scarcity The condition of the Great Lakes need to be improved. Its waters are evaporating more quickly because of global warming. The Great Lakes are glacial phenomena - not a self-sustaining water basin. Only 50% of original wetlands remain in the Great Lakes region. T he re is a need for a new supply to the Great Lakes if levels are to be maintained. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

81. No Ecological Problem There is no ecological problem with U.S. buying Canadian water under three conditions : There is protection (water rights) for those who cannot afford to buy it. The water isn't used for unsustainable lifestyles. It must be environmentally acceptable and sustainable . Water is a human right, not a commodity. It is a public trust. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

82. Environmental Concerns: The environmental shocks of the Great Lakes wetlands and its water levels. The need for water in Canada’s prairies . The loss of funds from fresh water sales, which can be used to solve Canada’s other environmental problems. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

83. N o N et Loss of Natural Capital The deterioration of environmental sources must be kept within “safe margins” and any residual damages must be compensated by environmental enhancement. T here should be a link between ecological functions and socio-economic values, specifically: Basic needs in a sustainable manner : water, light, power Accelerated rural development to improve regional welfare The combating of Global W arming Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

84. Connecting with GLRC Strategy The U.S.A. Great Lakes Regional Collaboration Strategy requested $26 billion a plan preserve the Great Lakes over five years. Part of this Strategy is to enhance sustainable planning and resources ($115 million) . The Ontario Siphon HUG project would significantly affect these cost estimates. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

85. The U.S. and NAFTA Water shortages and global warming pose a “ serious threat ” to America’s national security . The U.S. could put $600 billion in trade at risk. Obama threaten to withdraw from NAFTA during the primaries : some parts of America have benefited; others have not. Governments are required not only to provide clean water to their citizens, but citizens of other countries have the right to water as well and to find peaceful solutions to water disputes between states . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

86. Canada and NAFTA NAFTA & WTO require non-discriminatory treatment “in like circumstances”. If those provinces do not export bulk water, they would not be required to start, as that policy would be considered the best treatment available. A decision by one province, namely Ontario, to permit the sale of bulk water has no implications for other provinces. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

87. Ontario Blue Oil? Neither NAFTA, nor the World Trade Organization, would tolerate a country restricting water explicitly for use within national boundaries. This would be trade discrimination, so a water accord is largely ineffective. So Bill 198, Safeguarding and Sustaining Ontario's Water Act, 2007, chose a watershed approach: it is aimed at discouraging bulk water exports by making the environmental protection of water resources the key reason for the law. It is based on the threats to water ecosystems from inter-basin transfers. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

88. Canadian Blue Oil The standard proposed by the IJC is that there should be “no net loss” to the area from which the water is taken. The federal government knows that the economic opportunities of these water diversion projects are endless. This is why the Canadian governments failed to choose a policy course so as to keep their future options open. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

89. Examine our Gains The Multiplier Effect: every $1 spent in the water and sanitation sector creates on average another $8 in costs averted and productivity gained. This is the reason for government subsidies for water distribution between 30% and 50% (OECD countries). It is estimated that NARA would increase the annual national income from agriculture, livestock, mining, and manufacturing by approximately $30 billion . Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

90. Canadian Political Options: Parliament could pass legislation regulating the export of water from Canada under international trade, just as it regulates energy exports under the National Energy Board Act. The federal government could overrule the rights of provinces to exploit their water resources as they see fit, as a national concern, for “peace, order and good government”. The federal government could negotiate a tri-national treaty with the United States and Mexico for water users across the whole continent. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

91. U.S.A. Guarantees Required: If t he U.S.A. wants Canadian water, they must be sensitive to Canadian concerns regarding their natural heritage: Offer the Canadians a proposal, which allows bulk water exports to be safeguarded from NAFTA’s Chapter 11 investment rules. Offer an ‘escape-clause’ in the U.S. proposal, i.e. allow for interruption in the trade in bulk water after satisfactory advance notice. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

92. Gains for Ontario Revenue from the S ale of New Power Revenue from the S ale of Water New Low Cost Fresh Water (Toronto area) New Resources for Agriculture, Mining & Pulp Employment and Capital Inflows (with tax revenues) New Supporting Secondary Industries Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

93. Win Win for Canada! Economic advantages to Canada: to offset the global warming “bite” This has tremendous political, financial, and psychological advantages to unite various factions in Canada and promote Canadian pride by uniting Aboriginal, Quebec, Ontario and Western interests. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

94. A Call to Action ! Canada is an Expert in Large-Scale Infrastructure-Building Programs. Canada supports clean electricity technology , which then can be imported. It is time to build political and social solution, which is “ Made in Canada ”. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

95. The Canadian Touch Our hope is that it will be a Canadian company interested in developing tradable Canadian goods and not some company from Korea, Germany or the Netherlands, which will see the light. Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010

96. Anticipation! Experts assert that this water crisis is more than a cyclical "drought. Just as energy security became a national priority during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973–74, water security will become a national and global priority in the decades ahead. They will say, “We didn't know it was coming." Romain Audet [email_address] August 19, 2010