This document describes a system to detect landmines using a robotic arm controlled remotely via GSM. When a landmine is detected, the system uses GPS to identify the location and sends an SMS message with the coordinates to a mobile phone. The system aims to detect and locate landmines safely from a distance to protect human lives. It discusses the technical challenges of landmine detection and describes the implementation of the system using components like a GSM module, GPS, wireless camera, and a printed circuit board integrated into a robotic arm controlled remotely.

1. Landmine Detection and Identifying the Location by
using GPS & GSM
Karan A. Nilurkar Jigar J. Lodha Rohan S. Nahar
Trinity College of Engineering Trinity College of Engineering MIT College of
& Research & Research Engineering
Department of Electronics Department of Electronics Department of Electronics
& Telecommunication & Telecommunication & Telecommunication
Pune, India Pune, India Pune, India
Karan.nilurkar0001@gmail.com jigar.lodha@gmail.com rnahar569@gmail.com
Abstract—Robotic manipulators are widely used to replace
human operators in tasks that are repetitive in nature. However,
there are many tasks that are non-repetitive, unpredictable, or
hazardous to the human operators. In early days, robotic
manipulators have been implemented in different control
techniques like mechanical control and the remote control or
tele-operation. But with the advent of high performance device
like GSM, a new way of control called virtual control has been
implemented which is introduced in this project. The remote
control of physical systems by humans through the mediation of
GSM is called as virtual instrumentation. In order to successfully
execute a given task, control software is necessary that sends and
tracks appropriate orders to the robot arm. This project presents
the design principles of a general software framework capable to
control any real time robot arm with set of feedback from robot
that land mine as detected. A possible implementation of such a
general framework is provided together with experimental
arrangement at a minimal economy. With the help of GPS we are
also position the location of Land mine presented and sending the
information (SMS) to user mobile that Land mine has located in
particular location.
Index Terms—GPS, SMS, Landmine Detector, GSM.
I. INTRODUCTION
Whether they’re wearing combat boots or Cambodian
sandals, flak jackets or burkas, when people step on or trip
landmines, the result is typically the same: the mines explode.
Human flesh, however shod or cloaked, reacts in kind,
creating an estimated global casualty rate of up to 20,000 each
year. Sometimes people lose an arm or leg; other times they
die. According to the United Nations, as of the year 2000 there
were 70 million landmines planted in a third of the world’s
nations. Landmine Monitor, an international reporting agency
associated with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines,
reported that Afghanistan alone recorded an average of 88
casualties per month in 2000 because of landmines or
unexploded ordinances (UXO), and recent military actions
there will no doubt exacerbate the situation.
The landmine problem is complex and unlikely to be soon or
easily solved. Al Carruthers manages the Canadian Centre for
Mine Action Technologies (CCMAT), a government research and
development project devoted to humanitarian demining. As
Carruthers puts it, left to manual clearing methods, it would
take “tens, if not scores of years” just to clear the mines
already in the ground. Carruthers says technology is the
primary hope, though developing it is deeply complicated and
breakthroughs are slow in coming research.
Current research on developing new technologies for mine
clearing includes trace-explosive detection, ground-
penetrating radar, magnetometers, advanced metal detectors,
infrared and multispectral imaging, nuclear technology,
nuclear quadrupole resonance, passive millimeter wave
detection, and acoustic methods [1].
It is sometimes believed that automated systems based on
current technologies cannot match the olfactory abilities of
animals. Because of their keen sense of smell, dogs have a
high degree of success in detecting mines. However, dogs
require training and are sensitive to environmental conditions.
More importantly, although they are quite effective at
detection, their localization accuracy is usually poor [2].
Artificial odor or vapor sensing technologies such as chemo-
luminescence [3], [4], mass spectroscopy, and bio sensing [5]
also constitute valid techniques for detecting mines, but the
localization of mines remains a challenging task.
Many projects are exploring the use of robotics and
mechanized systems because it keeps human life a safe distance
from the mines. However, as Eric Colon, a robotics researcher at
Belgium’s Royal Military Academy sees it, the use of robots in
the mine field is a delicate situation all its own.
“I think the introduction of robots in the demining process
must be incremental, and if we fail at the first stage, it will
never be accepted again,” Colon says. “We must be prudent
and not promise too much. We must provide robust solutions
to limited problems.[3]”
II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is the most
popular standard for mobile telephony. GSM module is used
to receive text message from the transmitted mobile phone.
Inside a GSM module there is a card known as SIM
(subscriber identification module) which is used to activate the
GSM module, without it the module is of no use. A SIM card
contains its unique serial number, internationally unique number
of the mobile user (IMSI), security authentication and ciphering
information, temporary information related to the

2. local network, a list of the services the user has access to and
two passwords.
Figure 1: System Architecture
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based
global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides
reliable location and time information in all weather and at all
times and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where
there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS
satellites. It is maintained by the United States government
and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. A
GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the
signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each
satellite continually transmits messages that include-
1. The time the message was transmitted.
2. Precise orbital information.
3. The general system health and rough orbits of all GPS
satellites.
Wireless cameras are closed circuit television (CCTV)
cameras that transmit a video and audio signal to a wireless
receiver through a radio band. Many wireless security cameras
require at least one cable or wire for power; "wireless" refers
to the transmission of video/audio wirelessly. However, some
wireless security cameras are battery-powered, making the
cameras truly wireless from top to bottom.
Wireless cameras are proving very popular among modern
security consumers due to their low installation costs (there is
no need to run expensive video extension cables) and flexible
mounting options; wireless cameras can be mounted/installed
in locations previously unavailable to standard wired cameras.
Landmines are easy-to-make, cheap and effective weapons
that can be deployed easily over large areas to prevent enemy
movements. Mines are often laid in groups, called mine fields,
and are designed to prevent the enemy from passing through a
certain area, or sometimes to force an enemy through a
particular area. While more than 350 varieties of mines exist,
they can be broken into two categories, namely, anti-personnel
mines and anti-tank mines.
Anti-personnel mines are designed to kill or injure enemy
combatants. They are usually buried 10mm to 40mm beneath
the soil and it requires about 9 kg minimum pressures to
detonate them. The face diameter of most the anti-personal
mines ranges from 5.6cm to 13.3cm.
One of the big technical challenges in demining is detection.
Once a mine is identified, de-miners can either explode it, mark
it, or move it to a pit for later detonation or defusing. Finding the
mines, however, is often difficult for two reasons. First, mines are
increasingly being made of plastics, minimizing the more easily
detectable metal components. Second, mined areas are often
heavily littered with shrapnel and other metal scraps, creating a
high false-alarm rate. “A full spectrum of technologies are being
investigated for detection of landmines,” says Yoga Das, a
defense scientist at Canada’s
Defense Research Establishment Suffield (DRES), who does
regular research for CCMAT. “They range from improved
metal detectors to research combining a metal detector with
other secondary sensing systems, such as ground penetrating
radar and a whole host of other technologies.”
III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The resistance of copper foil will have an effect on the circuit
operation. Base material is made of lamination layer of suitable
insulating material such treated paper, fabric; or glass fibers and
binding them with resin. Most common used base materials are
formed paper bonded with epoxy resin. It is possible to obtain a
range of thickness between 0.5mm to3mm.
Figure 3: Printed Circuit Board for Landmine Detector
Figure 2: Antipersonnel Landmine
While designing a layout, it must be note Ax size of the
board should be as small as possible. Before starting, all
components should be placed properly so that an accurate
measurement of space can be made

3. The component should not be mounted way close to each
other or far away from one another and neither one should
ignore the fact that some component reed ventilation, which
considerably the dimension of the relay and transformer in
view of arrangement, the boiling arrangement is also
considered.
Figure 4: Actual Landmine detector
As soon as the landmine is detected, the location of
detected landmine location is suddenly sent to a particular
mobile number within 3 seconds. The demining process can
be suddenly taken after detection.
Figure 5: SMS detecting Landmine Location
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have developed a landmine detector by
using GPS and GSM with high speed more accurate and
wireless robot which detects the landmine and give the actual
scenario and pictures of the location via GPS and wireless
camera, as well as we can receive the short massage from that
system if landmine is detected. This prototype is controlled
wirelessly by the operator from a safe distance. The greatest
advantage is that it is safer for the soldiers.
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