Autonomous vehicles can learn from aviation automation, which perfected autopilot systems but still requires pilots due to risks. Two plane crashes resulted from pilots relying too heavily on autopilot and lacking manual flying skills. Self-driving cars are being developed, like Tesla's Level 3 system, but most roads cannot support full automation. While automation may prevent accidents, regulations and driver training must ensure safety as the mix of autonomous and manually driven vehicles transitions.
This document discusses autonomous vehicles and their levels of autonomy from 0 to 5. It outlines the benefits of autonomous vehicles such as reduced crashes and traffic as well as drawbacks like increased costs and jobs losses. The document describes the lidar, radar, and camera autonomous architectures and their detection ranges and limitations. It compares Ford and FCA autonomous vehicle designs and relies on different sensors and platforms. The conclusion states that more research is needed to address issues like costs, phase out of gas vehicles, and legal matters before widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles.
Autonomous cars self-driving cars-driverless cars market 2020 to 2030Chandan Chaudhary
The Autonomous cars/Self-Driving Cars/Driverless Cars Market report offers a deep analysis of the Market Research Industry. It demonstrates a rapid summary of industry data and a key catalog of the market. The report highlights well-known performers from the Autonomous cars/Self-Driving Cars/Driverless Cars Market beside contribution to the market vocation progress within the estimated time. KACSK Market Research Report covers recent improvements while predicting the expansion of the players of the market.
Below is the detailed list of some of the major investments in the run of driverless technology
1. Ford $1 billion investment in Argo AI
2. Toyota Research Institute $1 billion
3. Uber purchased Otto for $680 million
4. GM acquired CRUZE AUTOMATION for $580 million
5. Intel to buy Mobileye for $15.3 billion
6. GM invests $500 million in LYFT- drive sharing startup
7. VOLVO and Uber $300 million JV
8. Hyundai $1.7 billion R & D
9. Intel $250 million in driverless AI tech.
This document discusses lessons that can be learned from autonomy in the aerospace industry and applied to autonomy in the automotive industry. It notes that both industries are working to introduce autonomous systems but that the aerospace industry has more experience with rigorous development and safety assurance processes. The automotive industry could benefit from understanding these processes to help safely introduce autonomous vehicles. It also argues that greater collaboration between the two industries would be beneficial given the similarities in autonomous technologies and dynamic tasks involved in flying and driving.
The document is a seminar presentation on autonomous cars presented by three students to professors at Khulna University. The presentation outlines the history and development of autonomous vehicle technology, how autonomous cars work using sensors and software, and recent advances in the field such as testing of driverless cars. However, full implementation of autonomous cars faces challenges such as how to program ethical decision making in accidents, ensuring cybersecurity, and enabling the technology to handle unexpected situations and poor driving conditions.
The document discusses several issues related to assessing self-driving car (SDC/AV) technology. It begins by defining terms like SDC and autonomous vehicle. It then discusses reasons for SDCs like safety and reduced costs from accidents. However, it notes traffic deaths are already declining. It also estimates bugs in SDC software code, with a potential 1250 lethal bugs. It raises issues like testing limitations, driver skill degradation during handoffs, and how passengerless miles bias safety statistics. Overall, the document outlines both benefits and risks of the technology from various perspectives to inform a comprehensive assessment.
The document discusses automation in aviation. It notes that automation reduces the need for human intervention through the use of control systems and information technologies. In aviation specifically, automation is increasingly used in flight operations and air traffic control. While automation improves efficiency and job completion, it can negatively impact human operators by shifting their role from performer to observer, potentially leading to complacency issues. The document examines both the advantages of automation, like increased situational awareness and reduced costs, and the disadvantages, such as overdependence on automation systems and complacency.
In this research paper, I go over research related to the dangers in automation in the aviation domain and how it compares to the two most recent Boeing 737 Max accidents. (This article was written before the final NTSB report was released).
The recent trend manufacturer’s shows keen interest in safety and pleasure riding. The seat belts and the airbags which are now a important attachment of the cars must be utilized fully for safer riding. The weakest and most harzdous part the glasses in cars are also now made to add safety with the advanced technology. If this condition persist the safety factor in cars will reach a pioneer position. With these kind of improved technology will pay way for usage of large number of passenger cars
This document discusses autonomous vehicles and their levels of autonomy from 0 to 5. It outlines the benefits of autonomous vehicles such as reduced crashes and traffic as well as drawbacks like increased costs and jobs losses. The document describes the lidar, radar, and camera autonomous architectures and their detection ranges and limitations. It compares Ford and FCA autonomous vehicle designs and relies on different sensors and platforms. The conclusion states that more research is needed to address issues like costs, phase out of gas vehicles, and legal matters before widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles.
Autonomous cars self-driving cars-driverless cars market 2020 to 2030Chandan Chaudhary
The Autonomous cars/Self-Driving Cars/Driverless Cars Market report offers a deep analysis of the Market Research Industry. It demonstrates a rapid summary of industry data and a key catalog of the market. The report highlights well-known performers from the Autonomous cars/Self-Driving Cars/Driverless Cars Market beside contribution to the market vocation progress within the estimated time. KACSK Market Research Report covers recent improvements while predicting the expansion of the players of the market.
Below is the detailed list of some of the major investments in the run of driverless technology
1. Ford $1 billion investment in Argo AI
2. Toyota Research Institute $1 billion
3. Uber purchased Otto for $680 million
4. GM acquired CRUZE AUTOMATION for $580 million
5. Intel to buy Mobileye for $15.3 billion
6. GM invests $500 million in LYFT- drive sharing startup
7. VOLVO and Uber $300 million JV
8. Hyundai $1.7 billion R & D
9. Intel $250 million in driverless AI tech.
This document discusses lessons that can be learned from autonomy in the aerospace industry and applied to autonomy in the automotive industry. It notes that both industries are working to introduce autonomous systems but that the aerospace industry has more experience with rigorous development and safety assurance processes. The automotive industry could benefit from understanding these processes to help safely introduce autonomous vehicles. It also argues that greater collaboration between the two industries would be beneficial given the similarities in autonomous technologies and dynamic tasks involved in flying and driving.
The document is a seminar presentation on autonomous cars presented by three students to professors at Khulna University. The presentation outlines the history and development of autonomous vehicle technology, how autonomous cars work using sensors and software, and recent advances in the field such as testing of driverless cars. However, full implementation of autonomous cars faces challenges such as how to program ethical decision making in accidents, ensuring cybersecurity, and enabling the technology to handle unexpected situations and poor driving conditions.
The document discusses several issues related to assessing self-driving car (SDC/AV) technology. It begins by defining terms like SDC and autonomous vehicle. It then discusses reasons for SDCs like safety and reduced costs from accidents. However, it notes traffic deaths are already declining. It also estimates bugs in SDC software code, with a potential 1250 lethal bugs. It raises issues like testing limitations, driver skill degradation during handoffs, and how passengerless miles bias safety statistics. Overall, the document outlines both benefits and risks of the technology from various perspectives to inform a comprehensive assessment.
The document discusses automation in aviation. It notes that automation reduces the need for human intervention through the use of control systems and information technologies. In aviation specifically, automation is increasingly used in flight operations and air traffic control. While automation improves efficiency and job completion, it can negatively impact human operators by shifting their role from performer to observer, potentially leading to complacency issues. The document examines both the advantages of automation, like increased situational awareness and reduced costs, and the disadvantages, such as overdependence on automation systems and complacency.
In this research paper, I go over research related to the dangers in automation in the aviation domain and how it compares to the two most recent Boeing 737 Max accidents. (This article was written before the final NTSB report was released).
The recent trend manufacturer’s shows keen interest in safety and pleasure riding. The seat belts and the airbags which are now a important attachment of the cars must be utilized fully for safer riding. The weakest and most harzdous part the glasses in cars are also now made to add safety with the advanced technology. If this condition persist the safety factor in cars will reach a pioneer position. With these kind of improved technology will pay way for usage of large number of passenger cars
This document summarizes an autonomous vehicle project conducted by students at Bahria University in Islamabad. It discusses the technology behind autonomous vehicles and some of the ethical issues they present. Autonomous vehicles use computer vision and 3D imaging to navigate without human input, which provides benefits like increased accessibility and safety but also challenges like how to program responses in emergency situations that require choosing whether to harm the passenger or others. The conclusion calls for an override option and leaving life-and-death decisions to nature rather than programming autonomous vehicles to make those choices.
Driverless Car Technology: Patent Landscape AnalysisLexInnova
Driverless cars represent a disruptive technological change in transportation as we know it. These vehicles are capable of sensing, navigating, and communicating with their external surroundings without any human intervention. They leverage various technologies including imaging, radar, laser optics, and GPS to navigate through dynamically changing road environments.
In this report, we analyze the Intellectual Property (Patents) landscape of driverless car technology. Our analysis reveals key aspects relating to innovation in this technology, including filing trends, top assignees, their portfolio strength, and geographical coverage.
The autonomous vehicle, driverless or self-driving car will be one of the greatest technological developments of the next decade (if not all time).
It will profoundly change life on earth.
For the past century our car-centric culture has shaped infrastructure and ideals, landscape and lifestyle, ethics and enterprise. We rely on the mobility that cars provide us more than ever, but the car’s purpose and meaning changes as the driver fades out.
When the car drives itself, what we do in our cars and with our cars is exponentially different. When the car is intelligent, intuitive and adaptive, our relationship to the car alters. When the car builds itself, environments and economies are reshaped.
This report looks at the players, technologies and trends in the autonomous vehicle space and paints a picture of probable futures for citizens, businesses and marketers.
Buckle up. Bumpy roads ahead.
The topic of driverless cars has caught the imaginations of many people. Who wouldn’t want to relax as his car drove him to work, then parked itself? Families could reduce the amount of vehicles if mom could take the car to work then send it home so another family member could do errands, go to the doctor, take the cat to the vet, or other tasks. To many this seems like a fantasy come true; in reality it is a fantasy that is going to be realized in the not too distant future.
While not all business and societal implications can be covered in this article, the insurance and regulatory implications are key to the future of this technology becoming readily available to the consuming public.
The document discusses arguments for and against artificial intelligence. It argues that AI could save lives through autonomous vehicles and medical advancements, but also notes concerns about hacking and job loss. The document also examines case studies on personal assistants, drones, self-driving cars and quantum computing. It discusses applicable laws regarding autonomous vehicles and the promise of AI to advance technologies through deep learning. The document concludes that AI will mature over time and need further government regulation.
ADOT Road to the Future Autonomous Vehicles Presentation 9/27/18Mark Goldstein
I was pleased to give the luncheon keynote at the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) Road to the Future Conference titled "The Autonomous Revolution of Vehicles and Transportation" on 9/27/18 in Scottsdale, Arizona.
And for my recent presentation to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Arizona with even more AV related details and depth see https://www.slideshare.net/markgirc/sae-arizona-autonomous-vehicles-irc-presentation-on-92018.
Problems in Autonomous Driving System of Smart Cities in IoTijtsrd
This paper focuses on the problems and challenges during self driving. In the modern era, technologies are getting advanced day by day. The field of smart city has introduced a new technology called ""Autonomous Driving"". Autonomous driving can be defined as Self Driving, Automated Vehicle. Google has started working on this type of system since 2010 and still in the phase of making changes in this technology to take it to a higher level. Any technology can reach up to an advanced level but it cannot provide a full fledged result. This paper facilitates the researchers to understand the problems, challenges and issues related to this technology. Shweta S. Darekar | Dr. Anandhi Giri ""Problems in Autonomous Driving System of Smart Cities in IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30079.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30079/problems-in-autonomous-driving-system-of-smart-cities-in-iot/shweta-s-darekar
Report on safety feature in car :::- by sachin kumar sachin kumar
This report is contained many safty feature in car with full report of many automobile industry are provied these features ( ppt of this topic are available by the name of "" safty features in car by sachin kumar
Aisha Al Mansouri is the first female Emirati pilot to fly the largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380. She became interested in aviation after her sister took her to an air show. Al Mansouri flew the Airbus A320 for five years before moving up to larger aircraft like the A330 and A380. While only 3% of commercial pilots worldwide are female, the aviation sector will need over 500,000 new pilots by 2034 to meet demand. There are more programs encouraging women to become pilots and better options for paying for flight school. Being a female pilot allows one to be a role model for young girls and enjoy a rewarding career.
The current scenario in the world is that almost all people have their own vehicle for conveyance. As, vehicle has become the most integral part of mankind. It travels as a part and parcel of man’s life. Theft happens increasingly at one place or the other, when there is improper surveillance. The safety of vehicles is extremely essential in all areas, especially in public places. In this work, the vehicle tracking and locking system are done in order to satisfy the needs of security of the vehicle. Vehicle theft handling is one of the important crises in today's world. Countries which are densely populated like India finds it very difficult to track the vehicle after theft. This system consist an advanced microprocessor board which is connected to the GPS to get the real time location of the vehicle which is then connected to the mobile application through IoT platform. Mobile application will show the location of the vehicle in a map and also the places surrounding the vehicle by capturing it through camera connected to the system. Not only to identify the theft but also it avoids the theft by having dual switching method both on vehicle and the mobile application connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. It also gives the alert notification in the mobile if someone takes the vehicle when it is turned on in the mobile.
This document provides an overview of self-driving cars, autonomous vehicles, and shared mobility. It discusses the major players in this emerging field such as Google, Tesla, Uber, and automotive manufacturers. The vision for autonomous vehicles is described as mobility over ownership where people will summon driverless vehicles via smartphone apps for on-demand transportation. Significant benefits include reduced traffic, increased road safety, and mobility for all groups. Currently, Google leads in developing fully autonomous vehicles while automakers focus on incremental self-driving features and plan to introduce them first in luxury models.
The future of personal mobility: the internet of things and the rise of the a...Michael Shanks
The document discusses the future of personal mobility and autonomous vehicles. It describes programs and researchers at Stanford University working in this area, including the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design (d.school) and the Revs program at the Center for Automotive Research at Stanford (CARS). The document also shares a hypothetical story about a man's morning commute by autonomous car, and reflects on issues of design, human-centered design, and the growing role of design thinking.
Business Disruption with intelligent machines things expo nov 1 2016Sudha Jamthe
The document discusses how intelligent machines and artificial intelligence are disrupting various industries. It describes emerging technologies like machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing and how they are being applied in healthcare, manufacturing, transportation and other sectors. It also examines how industries like retail, customer service and media are being impacted by chatbots, mixed reality and autonomous technologies. While AI is progressing rapidly, the document notes that human-level artificial general intelligence has not been achieved yet and that AI development still faces challenges in achieving social and cultural nuances.
The future of autonomous vehicles 2019 Interim ReportFuture Agenda
There are great expectations around the future of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and equally much uncertainty. Some believe that AVs will transform safety and efficiency and are making significant investments in this area. Others are concerned that the technological developments are outpacing society’s ability to adapt, and there is an urgent requirement to develop better regulation before there is widespread deployment. A global Open Foresight project exploring the key issues for the future of AVs is being undertaken by Future Agenda. Expert workshops around the world are building the informed view.
This interim report shares the findings from the first five expert discussions in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Singapore, Wellington and Melbourne. It highlights the emerging issues that are the source of major debate around the world. These include the impact of regulation; the ambition for less congestion; rethinking transport planning; the first/last mile challenge; the opportunities for automated freight and the need for more and better data sharing.
Biologically inspired collision avoidance system for self-driving carsHesham Eraqi
Biologically inspired collision avoidance system for self-driving cars
Paper is here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308673622_Reactive_Collision_Avoidance_using_Evolutionary_Neural_Networks
This document discusses autonomous vehicles and the current state of the technology. It makes the following key points:
1) Fully self-driving cars that can drive from point A to point B without human intervention do not exist yet and are still many years away. The best existing technologies provide assistance to drivers but require them to remain engaged.
2) Automation has the potential to significantly reduce traffic crashes and deaths over time but progress will depend on factors like how much driving is done autonomously and the performance of the systems.
3) Even if all interstate driving was done by autonomous vehicles today, the maximum safety benefit would be a 17% reduction in crash deaths and 9% fewer injuries, due to
report Design and fabrication of active hood lift systemjaseemjm
This document discusses the design and fabrication of an active hood lift system (AHLS) to improve pedestrian safety in vehicle collisions. It begins by noting that head injuries are a major cause of pedestrian fatalities, occurring in 40% of accidents. The AHLS is designed to lift the hood by 8-10cm within half a second upon collision detection to create extra space between the hood and hard engine components. This helps absorb impact energy and reduces injury severity. The document outlines the system components and design process, which includes simulation of AHLS performance in pedestrian crashes and fabrication of a prototype system. The goal of the AHLS is to decrease pedestrian injuries through dynamic management of the vehicle hood.
Autonomous Driving (AD) has been said to be the next big disruptive innovation in the years to come. Considered as being predominantly technology driven, it is supposed to have massive societal impact in areas such as insurance, laws and regulations, logistics, automotive industry as well as all types of transportation methods, not only expected to have an enormous environmental and economic effect but also offer the possibility of saving millions of lives worldwide.
HYVE Science Labs, in cooperation with the Technical University Hamburg-Harburg and INSIUS have developed the unique worldwide study “Autonomous Driving: The User Perspective” focused on the customer view and acceptance of Autonomous Driving. The study analyses 106,305 comments on Autonomous Driving publicly posted in English on the Internet, finding a more positive than negative attitude towards this new technology in contrast to the most renowned surveys in the field. The focus was placed in the understanding of customer acceptance, a topic that until now under an Autonomous Driving context is limited. While a survey with more than 200 experts on autonomous vehicles by the IEEE (2014), the world's largest professional association for the advancement of technology, defines that the three biggest obstacles to reach the mass adoption of driverless cars are legal liability, policymakers and customer acceptance. Therefore it is essential to start understanding and integrating customers in order to build deep and meaningful customer insights which can be used to deliver the products they want and need. Furthermore it is important to understand the wants and needs of future users and who will the early adopters will be. They will influence how technologies evolve and if they provide enough benefits to reach the early majority.
Innovative Web Monitoring Technologies, User Generated Content (UGC) and the method of Innovation Mining were used within an Autonomous Driving context to understand user’s debate on the Internet. UGC is characterized by extensive volunteering effort, lack of central control and freedom of expression, while creating a basis for identifying and understanding opinions, desires, tastes, needs and decision-making influences of customers in a passive non-intrusive manner. UGC is perceived as being impartial and unbiased, while giving the chance to understand needs and doubts of the potential customers, as well as the used language within a certain topic. The method of Innovation Mining presented below reflects the process from the search for the UGC until the possible visualization and interpretation of the gained information.
• Analysis of the users language within an AD context
• Most relevant single sources of discussion
• Topic evolution including most impactful events
• Brand importance in the users perspective
• Most mentioned activities in an AD vehicle
• In depth language analysis of concepts and their drivers
O documento discute a introdução à pneumática aplicada, definindo o termo e descrevendo como o ar comprimido é usado na indústria. Também lista vantagens e desvantagens do uso de ar comprimido, descreve os principais componentes de um sistema de ar comprimido e fornece exemplos de atuadores e válvulas pneumáticas comuns.
How secure is the website you are shopping on.
How to tell if the website you are shopping on has a secure shopping cart, that ensures all your credit card information is being transmitted securely.
This document is an independent study thesis submitted by John M. Eyre to the Department of Political Science at The College of Wooster in March 2015. The thesis examines how levels of exceptionalism exhibited in a state's national role conception may impact the aggressiveness of its foreign policy behavior, as measured by militarized foreign involvement. It will use role theory and case studies of the US in Syria, India in Syria, Russia in Crimea, and the UK in the Falkland Islands. Chapter 1 reviews literature on role theory and its themes of individual vs collective, material vs ideational, and continuity vs change. Chapter 2 details the research design and methodology, defining exceptionalism as the independent variable and aggressiveness as the dependent variable
This document summarizes an autonomous vehicle project conducted by students at Bahria University in Islamabad. It discusses the technology behind autonomous vehicles and some of the ethical issues they present. Autonomous vehicles use computer vision and 3D imaging to navigate without human input, which provides benefits like increased accessibility and safety but also challenges like how to program responses in emergency situations that require choosing whether to harm the passenger or others. The conclusion calls for an override option and leaving life-and-death decisions to nature rather than programming autonomous vehicles to make those choices.
Driverless Car Technology: Patent Landscape AnalysisLexInnova
Driverless cars represent a disruptive technological change in transportation as we know it. These vehicles are capable of sensing, navigating, and communicating with their external surroundings without any human intervention. They leverage various technologies including imaging, radar, laser optics, and GPS to navigate through dynamically changing road environments.
In this report, we analyze the Intellectual Property (Patents) landscape of driverless car technology. Our analysis reveals key aspects relating to innovation in this technology, including filing trends, top assignees, their portfolio strength, and geographical coverage.
The autonomous vehicle, driverless or self-driving car will be one of the greatest technological developments of the next decade (if not all time).
It will profoundly change life on earth.
For the past century our car-centric culture has shaped infrastructure and ideals, landscape and lifestyle, ethics and enterprise. We rely on the mobility that cars provide us more than ever, but the car’s purpose and meaning changes as the driver fades out.
When the car drives itself, what we do in our cars and with our cars is exponentially different. When the car is intelligent, intuitive and adaptive, our relationship to the car alters. When the car builds itself, environments and economies are reshaped.
This report looks at the players, technologies and trends in the autonomous vehicle space and paints a picture of probable futures for citizens, businesses and marketers.
Buckle up. Bumpy roads ahead.
The topic of driverless cars has caught the imaginations of many people. Who wouldn’t want to relax as his car drove him to work, then parked itself? Families could reduce the amount of vehicles if mom could take the car to work then send it home so another family member could do errands, go to the doctor, take the cat to the vet, or other tasks. To many this seems like a fantasy come true; in reality it is a fantasy that is going to be realized in the not too distant future.
While not all business and societal implications can be covered in this article, the insurance and regulatory implications are key to the future of this technology becoming readily available to the consuming public.
The document discusses arguments for and against artificial intelligence. It argues that AI could save lives through autonomous vehicles and medical advancements, but also notes concerns about hacking and job loss. The document also examines case studies on personal assistants, drones, self-driving cars and quantum computing. It discusses applicable laws regarding autonomous vehicles and the promise of AI to advance technologies through deep learning. The document concludes that AI will mature over time and need further government regulation.
ADOT Road to the Future Autonomous Vehicles Presentation 9/27/18Mark Goldstein
I was pleased to give the luncheon keynote at the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) Road to the Future Conference titled "The Autonomous Revolution of Vehicles and Transportation" on 9/27/18 in Scottsdale, Arizona.
And for my recent presentation to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Arizona with even more AV related details and depth see https://www.slideshare.net/markgirc/sae-arizona-autonomous-vehicles-irc-presentation-on-92018.
Problems in Autonomous Driving System of Smart Cities in IoTijtsrd
This paper focuses on the problems and challenges during self driving. In the modern era, technologies are getting advanced day by day. The field of smart city has introduced a new technology called ""Autonomous Driving"". Autonomous driving can be defined as Self Driving, Automated Vehicle. Google has started working on this type of system since 2010 and still in the phase of making changes in this technology to take it to a higher level. Any technology can reach up to an advanced level but it cannot provide a full fledged result. This paper facilitates the researchers to understand the problems, challenges and issues related to this technology. Shweta S. Darekar | Dr. Anandhi Giri ""Problems in Autonomous Driving System of Smart Cities in IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30079.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30079/problems-in-autonomous-driving-system-of-smart-cities-in-iot/shweta-s-darekar
Report on safety feature in car :::- by sachin kumar sachin kumar
This report is contained many safty feature in car with full report of many automobile industry are provied these features ( ppt of this topic are available by the name of "" safty features in car by sachin kumar
Aisha Al Mansouri is the first female Emirati pilot to fly the largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380. She became interested in aviation after her sister took her to an air show. Al Mansouri flew the Airbus A320 for five years before moving up to larger aircraft like the A330 and A380. While only 3% of commercial pilots worldwide are female, the aviation sector will need over 500,000 new pilots by 2034 to meet demand. There are more programs encouraging women to become pilots and better options for paying for flight school. Being a female pilot allows one to be a role model for young girls and enjoy a rewarding career.
The current scenario in the world is that almost all people have their own vehicle for conveyance. As, vehicle has become the most integral part of mankind. It travels as a part and parcel of man’s life. Theft happens increasingly at one place or the other, when there is improper surveillance. The safety of vehicles is extremely essential in all areas, especially in public places. In this work, the vehicle tracking and locking system are done in order to satisfy the needs of security of the vehicle. Vehicle theft handling is one of the important crises in today's world. Countries which are densely populated like India finds it very difficult to track the vehicle after theft. This system consist an advanced microprocessor board which is connected to the GPS to get the real time location of the vehicle which is then connected to the mobile application through IoT platform. Mobile application will show the location of the vehicle in a map and also the places surrounding the vehicle by capturing it through camera connected to the system. Not only to identify the theft but also it avoids the theft by having dual switching method both on vehicle and the mobile application connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. It also gives the alert notification in the mobile if someone takes the vehicle when it is turned on in the mobile.
This document provides an overview of self-driving cars, autonomous vehicles, and shared mobility. It discusses the major players in this emerging field such as Google, Tesla, Uber, and automotive manufacturers. The vision for autonomous vehicles is described as mobility over ownership where people will summon driverless vehicles via smartphone apps for on-demand transportation. Significant benefits include reduced traffic, increased road safety, and mobility for all groups. Currently, Google leads in developing fully autonomous vehicles while automakers focus on incremental self-driving features and plan to introduce them first in luxury models.
The future of personal mobility: the internet of things and the rise of the a...Michael Shanks
The document discusses the future of personal mobility and autonomous vehicles. It describes programs and researchers at Stanford University working in this area, including the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design (d.school) and the Revs program at the Center for Automotive Research at Stanford (CARS). The document also shares a hypothetical story about a man's morning commute by autonomous car, and reflects on issues of design, human-centered design, and the growing role of design thinking.
Business Disruption with intelligent machines things expo nov 1 2016Sudha Jamthe
The document discusses how intelligent machines and artificial intelligence are disrupting various industries. It describes emerging technologies like machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing and how they are being applied in healthcare, manufacturing, transportation and other sectors. It also examines how industries like retail, customer service and media are being impacted by chatbots, mixed reality and autonomous technologies. While AI is progressing rapidly, the document notes that human-level artificial general intelligence has not been achieved yet and that AI development still faces challenges in achieving social and cultural nuances.
The future of autonomous vehicles 2019 Interim ReportFuture Agenda
There are great expectations around the future of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and equally much uncertainty. Some believe that AVs will transform safety and efficiency and are making significant investments in this area. Others are concerned that the technological developments are outpacing society’s ability to adapt, and there is an urgent requirement to develop better regulation before there is widespread deployment. A global Open Foresight project exploring the key issues for the future of AVs is being undertaken by Future Agenda. Expert workshops around the world are building the informed view.
This interim report shares the findings from the first five expert discussions in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Singapore, Wellington and Melbourne. It highlights the emerging issues that are the source of major debate around the world. These include the impact of regulation; the ambition for less congestion; rethinking transport planning; the first/last mile challenge; the opportunities for automated freight and the need for more and better data sharing.
Biologically inspired collision avoidance system for self-driving carsHesham Eraqi
Biologically inspired collision avoidance system for self-driving cars
Paper is here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308673622_Reactive_Collision_Avoidance_using_Evolutionary_Neural_Networks
This document discusses autonomous vehicles and the current state of the technology. It makes the following key points:
1) Fully self-driving cars that can drive from point A to point B without human intervention do not exist yet and are still many years away. The best existing technologies provide assistance to drivers but require them to remain engaged.
2) Automation has the potential to significantly reduce traffic crashes and deaths over time but progress will depend on factors like how much driving is done autonomously and the performance of the systems.
3) Even if all interstate driving was done by autonomous vehicles today, the maximum safety benefit would be a 17% reduction in crash deaths and 9% fewer injuries, due to
report Design and fabrication of active hood lift systemjaseemjm
This document discusses the design and fabrication of an active hood lift system (AHLS) to improve pedestrian safety in vehicle collisions. It begins by noting that head injuries are a major cause of pedestrian fatalities, occurring in 40% of accidents. The AHLS is designed to lift the hood by 8-10cm within half a second upon collision detection to create extra space between the hood and hard engine components. This helps absorb impact energy and reduces injury severity. The document outlines the system components and design process, which includes simulation of AHLS performance in pedestrian crashes and fabrication of a prototype system. The goal of the AHLS is to decrease pedestrian injuries through dynamic management of the vehicle hood.
Autonomous Driving (AD) has been said to be the next big disruptive innovation in the years to come. Considered as being predominantly technology driven, it is supposed to have massive societal impact in areas such as insurance, laws and regulations, logistics, automotive industry as well as all types of transportation methods, not only expected to have an enormous environmental and economic effect but also offer the possibility of saving millions of lives worldwide.
HYVE Science Labs, in cooperation with the Technical University Hamburg-Harburg and INSIUS have developed the unique worldwide study “Autonomous Driving: The User Perspective” focused on the customer view and acceptance of Autonomous Driving. The study analyses 106,305 comments on Autonomous Driving publicly posted in English on the Internet, finding a more positive than negative attitude towards this new technology in contrast to the most renowned surveys in the field. The focus was placed in the understanding of customer acceptance, a topic that until now under an Autonomous Driving context is limited. While a survey with more than 200 experts on autonomous vehicles by the IEEE (2014), the world's largest professional association for the advancement of technology, defines that the three biggest obstacles to reach the mass adoption of driverless cars are legal liability, policymakers and customer acceptance. Therefore it is essential to start understanding and integrating customers in order to build deep and meaningful customer insights which can be used to deliver the products they want and need. Furthermore it is important to understand the wants and needs of future users and who will the early adopters will be. They will influence how technologies evolve and if they provide enough benefits to reach the early majority.
Innovative Web Monitoring Technologies, User Generated Content (UGC) and the method of Innovation Mining were used within an Autonomous Driving context to understand user’s debate on the Internet. UGC is characterized by extensive volunteering effort, lack of central control and freedom of expression, while creating a basis for identifying and understanding opinions, desires, tastes, needs and decision-making influences of customers in a passive non-intrusive manner. UGC is perceived as being impartial and unbiased, while giving the chance to understand needs and doubts of the potential customers, as well as the used language within a certain topic. The method of Innovation Mining presented below reflects the process from the search for the UGC until the possible visualization and interpretation of the gained information.
• Analysis of the users language within an AD context
• Most relevant single sources of discussion
• Topic evolution including most impactful events
• Brand importance in the users perspective
• Most mentioned activities in an AD vehicle
• In depth language analysis of concepts and their drivers
O documento discute a introdução à pneumática aplicada, definindo o termo e descrevendo como o ar comprimido é usado na indústria. Também lista vantagens e desvantagens do uso de ar comprimido, descreve os principais componentes de um sistema de ar comprimido e fornece exemplos de atuadores e válvulas pneumáticas comuns.
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How to tell if the website you are shopping on has a secure shopping cart, that ensures all your credit card information is being transmitted securely.
This document is an independent study thesis submitted by John M. Eyre to the Department of Political Science at The College of Wooster in March 2015. The thesis examines how levels of exceptionalism exhibited in a state's national role conception may impact the aggressiveness of its foreign policy behavior, as measured by militarized foreign involvement. It will use role theory and case studies of the US in Syria, India in Syria, Russia in Crimea, and the UK in the Falkland Islands. Chapter 1 reviews literature on role theory and its themes of individual vs collective, material vs ideational, and continuity vs change. Chapter 2 details the research design and methodology, defining exceptionalism as the independent variable and aggressiveness as the dependent variable
This document proposes a smart water solution to better manage water resources and conserve energy. It involves using sensors to monitor water levels in storage tanks and detect leaks, harvesting and storing rainwater, optimizing pumping schedules, and performing predictive analytics to determine water needs. The system aims to intelligently switch between different water sources, like diverting usage to rainwater tanks when possible, and prevent outlets from operating if no water is available. It provides consumers with dashboards to view their water usage and bills. The system architecture uses sensors, storage tanks, and predictive algorithms to efficiently distribute water across the city.
This document outlines the steps to follow for writing a good report. It discusses 7 steps: 1) Understanding the purpose and scope, 2) Gathering data, 3) Organizing material, 4) Analyzing material, 5) Writing the report, 6) Reviewing and redrafting, and 7) Presentation. Each step provides guidelines for effective reporting. The document also includes a checklist for ensuring a good report with properly formatted structure, consistent style, logical conclusions, and properly cited references.
The Melding of Cultures during and after a MergerCBIZ, Inc.
Regardless of industry, all mergers are complex initiatives. Understandably, all parties are laser-focused on financial and operational matters. While these are all critical issues, the opportunities presented by acquisition can be squandered if leaders lose sight of the human part of the equation. For both sides of the transaction, it is wise to initiate both a human capital and a cultural audit before proceeding too far down the acquisition trail. Learn more about these best practices in this article.
How does China compare to the Galapagos? Comparisons between China's digital species and the islands' Flora and Fauna.
Talk given at Media Evolution Conference in Malmo, Sweden, on August 2011.
1. In 1999, a Global Hawk UAV successfully landed autonomously at Edwards Air Force Base after detecting abnormal temperatures during a test flight.
2. After landing, the UAV was commanded to taxi but a software error referenced the take-off speed of 155 knots instead of the 6 knot taxi speed.
3. As a result, the UAV accelerated down the runway at over 90 mph and crashed after failing to negotiate the turn at the end, causing $5.3 million in damage and halting the test program for three months.
The document provides an overview of automated driving systems (ADS). It discusses how ADS have evolved since experiments in the 1920s and discusses key components like mapping/localization, obstacle avoidance, and path planning. It distinguishes between autonomous and automated vehicles, noting most current concepts rely on human oversight. The document also covers pros and cons of ADS, different levels of vehicle autonomy, and legal/regulatory considerations for deploying autonomous vehicles. It concludes that while technology has advanced, many challenges remain before self-driving vehicles can safely operate without human assistance or oversight.
The document discusses the history and development of autopilot systems. It notes that the first autopilot was developed by Elmer Sperry in 1912 to help reduce pilot fatigue from long flights. There are three main types of autopilot systems - single-axis, two-axis, and three-axis - which control different aircraft functions. Modern autopilots are computer-based and use sensors to gather flight data and make complex calculations to guide the aircraft, similar to a pilot. While autopilots help make flights safer and smoother, pilots must still monitor the aircraft as autopilots can fail or be overridden.
The document discusses the history and development of autopilot systems. It notes that the first autopilot was developed by Elmer Sperry in 1912 to help reduce pilot fatigue from long flights. There are three main types of autopilot systems - single-axis, two-axis, and three-axis - which control different aircraft functions. Modern autopilots are computer-based and use sensors to gather flight data and make calculations to guide the aircraft similarly to a human pilot. While autopilots assist pilots and improve safety, pilots must still closely monitor the aircraft as autopilots can fail or be overridden.
Auto Pilot:
An Autopilot is a system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a person.Developed by Elmer Sperry Sr.
This power point presentation contain a general information about given topic in somewhat short description & if you need detailed one , you can request or post your Email ID. Prefer an "OCR A Extended" fonts.
IRJET- Comparison Review on Autonomous Vehicles Vs Connected VehiclesIRJET Journal
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- The testing and applications of autonomous vehicles, including use for transportation systems and trucks. Connected vehicle hardware options are also discussed.
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An autonomous vehicle is one which will drive itself from a start line to a predetermined destination in “autopilot” mode using various in-vehicle technologies and sensors, including adaptive control, active steering (steer by wire), anti-lock braking systems (brake by wire), GPS navigation technology, lasers, and radar. Self-driving vehicles are cars or trucks during which human drivers are never required to require control to securely operate the vehicle. Also referred to as autonomous or “driverless” cars, they combine sensors and software to regulate, navigates, and drives the vehicle Rajesh. S. (2020). Autonomous air, sea, undersea, and land vehicles . International Journal on Orange Technologies, 1(1), 3-7. Retrieved from https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/528 Pdf Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/528/503 Paper Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/528
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The Effects of Autonomous Cars on Modern DrivingMack Prioleau
Through its ability to perceive its surroundings, an autonomous vehicle can perform essential activities without the need for human intervention. A completely automated driving system (ADS) is used in an autonomous vehicle to respond to external conditions that a human driver would handle. At no point is a human passenger required to assume control of the car, nor is a human passenger required to be present in the vehicle at all.
Instead of "autonomous," the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) uses "automated." One reason is that the term "autonomy" has a broader meaning than only "electromechanical." A completely autonomous vehicle would be able to make decisions on its own. The terms “self-driving” and “autonomous” are frequently used interchangeably, but these are two different words.
The SAE has defined six levels of vehicle autonomy, ranging from entirely manual to fully autonomous, and the US Department of Transportation has approved these standards. The extent of the autonomous car's independence in operation control advances as the levels rise. The car has no control over its functioning at level 0, and the human driver is in charge of all driving. At level 1, the ADAS (advanced driving assistance system) can assist the driver with acceleration and braking.
In some circumstances, the ADAS can handle acceleration and braking at level 2. However, the human driver must maintain undivided attention to the driving environment. The Advanced driving system (ADS) can undertake all aspects of the driving duty at level 3, but the human driver must regain control when the ADS requests it. In the remaining cases, the human driver performs the required tasks.
1. From the Sky to the Ground: How Autopilot in Planes will help Self-
Driving Cars
G. Mei Raley
November 13, 2016
2. Abstract:
Self-driving cars are no longer an idea seen in pop culture created through visual effects. In the past ten
years the development of technology to achieve full autonomous vehicles has grown exponentially.
However, before autonomous vehicles can be completely implemented into society, we must look
towards automation in aviation as a precedent for precautions to take. Using lessons learned from
aviation, potential challenges in autonomous vehicles are considered.
3. Introduction
Self-driving cars are nothing new. In fact, they have been around a lot longer than most
people think. The idea of autonomous vehicles gained widespread attention during the 1939
World’s Fair at GM’s Futurama exhibit.[11]
The concept of robotic cars slowly developed in the
following decades until the 1980s. The first autonomous cars appeared in 1984 with Carnegie
Mellon University’s Navigation Lab project. Also in that same decade, Ernst Dickmanns, while at
Bundeswehr University of Munich, developed the Eureka Prometheus Project in conjunction with
Mercedes Benz. Since then, multiple companies including Google, Tesla, and General Motors
have been working on the technology to truly perfect the self-driving car. Google has had multiple
successes with their technology and says autonomous cars will be available to the public in 2020.
Elon Musk says Tesla can do it by 2017.[12]
To fully realize a self-driving car, it is important to
look at other areas of transportation where automation has been successfully applied in order to
help develop the technology and risk assessment for cars.
Aircraft Automation
Gyroscopic Autopilot
Nine years after he first powered flight by the Wight Brothers, aviation pioneer Lawrence Sperry,
developed the first autopilot system. On June 18, 1914, during the Concours de la Securité en
Aéroplane (Airplane Safety Competition) in France, Sperry unveiled his device, a gyroscopic
4. stabilizer.[2]
By controlling all three axes of an
aircraft – yaw, pitch, and roll – the device
allowed Sperry to successfully fly the aircraft
with his hands off the controls, even allowing
him to balance on the wings of the machine.
Since then, the gyroscopic autopilot system has
grown to act as the basis for many aircraft
control systems.
Automatic Flight Control System
A complete autopilot system is called the
automatic flight control system (AFCS). At the
heart of the AFCS is an operating system designed to gather the intelligence needed from all parts
of the plane in order to control it and to correspond with the electronics systems for
communications, navigation, collision avoidance, and weather.[17]
With lightning communication
speeds, the AFCS is able to make multiple changes across multiple surfaces and make adjustments
as needed, many times faster and smoother than a human pilot could.
Autopilots in aircrafts exist to relieve pilots during long periods of time, or to take over
when more precise handling is required, such as times of low visibility. However, they are not
perfectly autonomous. Even the best autopilots do not automate the taxi and take-off phases of
flying and 99% of all landing procedures are still manual.[16]
The US Federal Administration of
Aviation (FAA) regulations state that at least two crew members must remain in the cockpit at all
times, and either the pilot or co-pilot must always monitor the controls, even if they are not actively
handling them.[3]
Overall, autopilots are not systems that completely replace pilots. Patrick Smith,
Figure 1: The three axes of an aircraft
and the set of controsl used to manage
each one.
5. an active commercial airline pilot since 1990 said, “Pilots have some to rely on a somewhat
different skill set over the past 40 years or so. But that’s not to say that hands-on skills have become
any less important.[16]
” Two aircraft disasters highlight this statement and the effect of two
phenomenon: de-skilling and mode-awareness/mode-error. Deskilling occurs when the skills of an
experienced person deteriorate or atrophy due to disuse. In the case of newer pilots, it refers to the
lack of learning specific skills that used to be taught. Mode awareness is being conscious of the
current and future state of automation, and understanding how the automation should act. The
following two accidents acknowledge the roles both deskilling and mode awareness caused.
Flights 447 and 214 Accidents
On June 1, 2009, all 228 people aboard the Airbus A330 Flight 447 were killed.[4]
Junior
co-pilot Pierre-Cédric Bonin was manning the controls when the aircraft entered an airspace
occupied by storms. Although he was a fully trained pilot with nearly 3,000 flight hours, his
experience was predominantly run on autopilot. Therefore, his lack of skills and training in manual
flight caused him to make a few critical errors that led to the ultimate crash. This is an example of
deskilling, where the younger pilot did not acquire the necessary manual skills to successfully
operate the aircraft.
Four years later on July 6, 2014, Asiana Flight 214 crashed into the seawall at San
Francisco International Airport just short of the runway.[1]
Part of the automatic landing system
wasn’t working that day, so the pilot Captain Lee Kang Kuk was forced to manually approach.
Auto-throttles should have kept the plane at 137 knots, but the plane was only going 103 knots
which led to a rapid loss of altitude. Kuk was new to flying the 777 aircraft and felt unsure in his
actions. In this case, it was the pilot’s dependence on an autopilot system, that system’s
6. malfunction (mode-error), and his deskilling that caused the accident. From these two accidents
and countless others, we can learn about how to better implement automation in cars.
Types of Autonomous Cars
Although true 100% autonomous vehicles have been created and successfully tested, they
have not yet been administered to the public.[5]
Semi-autonomous cars have been around for
decades, with varying degrees of automation in primary control functions. The National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines five different levels of automation in vehicles.[6]
Level 0 is No Automation where the driver is in complete and sole control of the vehicle at all
times. Level 4 is full Self-Driving Automation where the driver is not expected to or unable to take
over controls at any time. The following examples utilize either Level 3 or Level 4 automation.
Google: Level 3 Automation
Google has been in the development of autonomous cars since 2009.[13]
Google’s self-
driving car uses lasers to create an extremely detailed permanent 3-dimensional picture of the roads.
This allows the system not to have to rely on GPS technology so it can spend more power focusing
on moving objects. Sensors placed around the car detects objects and classifies them based on size,
shape, and movement pattern. A test driver is present in all vehicles with the ability to take over
controls (steering wheel, gear change, pedals, etc.) if needed.
Tesla: Level 3 Automation
In 2014, Tesla rolled out its AutoPilot system to all new Model S vehicles.[15]
In
conjunction with adaptive cruise control and lane departure warning, this system created semi-
autonomous drive and parking. In conjunction with FAA regulations, However, AutoPilot does
have some restrictions. It requires the environment to meet certain conditions before the autonomy
7. can be engaged. These include clear lane lines, a relatively constant speed (no tight turns or hills),
a sense of cars around you, and a map of the area you’re traveling through.[8]
Although Tesla has
seen a huge success in its AutoPilot system, more than half the nation’s roads may be beyond its
capabilities. Also, weather, construction zones and detours, and an inconsistency in traffic control
devices adds further complications.[7]
Ford: Level 4 Automation
Ford has been working on their
autonomous vehicle for the past ten years,
but recent news has shown their
commitment to achieving Level 4
automation. CEO Mark Fields confirmed
a timeline of five years to have these
vehicles on the road and that the car would
not feature any “handover” function where
a human would be able to take back
controls.[9]
Along these lines was an earlier report that Ford Motors received a patent for an
“autonomous vehicle entertainment system” which combines a ceiling-mounted projector with a
roll down projector screen right in front of the windshield.[10]
Although such a vehicle has not been
tested on real roads, it is important to note that this is the ultimate goal for a self-driving car.
Figure 2: Ford’s drawing for a patent for a projector
screen setup.
8. Conclusion
Comparing Planes to Cars
Although the rules and skills for flying are vastly different from driving, there is still a lot
of important technical similarities to consider. Compared to cars, no plane has ever implemented
Level 4 automation, nor do they ever expect to, according to reports. Although automation is used
for majority of all flights, there are key areas where a pilot needs to be able to have control. For
Ford to completely remove an individual’s ability to take over controls in extreme situations is
dangerous, especially considering the harmful effects automation has already had in aviation.
When self-driving cars are to be implemented, new laws and regulations will have to be devised
to maximize safety.[14]
As with aircrafts, Tesla also requires its drivers to monitor the vehicle at all
times. However, this is not an automobile law and will be difficult to implement. Additionally,
many kids will grow up with the notion that automation in vehicles is normal, and will never learn
proper safe-driving practices or skills. If an accident does occur, the ignorance of proper safety
procedures is likely to result in more detrimental injuries. The lessons learned from flights 447 and
214 should show that deskilling and mode-error pose a huge threat to self-driving cars.
Preparing for a Future with Autonomous Vehicles
There is no doubt that autonomous vehicles will be introduced into society, drastically
changing the day-to-day on-goings of people everywhere. Thousands of unnecessary deaths could
be prevented. This technology could provide the mobility freedom for otherwise disabled
individuals who are unable to drive. Self-driving cars could even replace Uber and other delivery
services, creating a society-wide ride-sharing phenomenon that would decrease the number of cars
on the road, improving the environment. The amount of free time people would then have to focus
9. on other things could lead to even greater feats of innovation. However, precautions should still
be taken before self-driving cars are fully implemented.
Looking ahead, Level 4 Automation is something that should be met with trepidation. Even
if the technology were perfected, there are still thousands of cars that fall into Level 0 to Level 2
categories. This mixture of semi-automatic and manual drivers will hinder the ability for a
completely self-driving car to be properly used to its potential. Currently, Level 3 Automation still
has a lot of progress to make before it can be carried out in the masses. As seen from the aircraft
accidents of flights 447 and 214, perhaps we shouldn’t be rushing to install that projector just yet.
10. Bibliography
[1] National Transportation Safety Board, "Crash of Asiana Flight 214 Accident Report," 2014.
[2] L. C. W. Sheck, "Lawrence Sperry: Autopilot Inventor and Aviation Innovator," Aviation History,
November 2004.
[3] Federal Aviation Administration, "Automated Flight Control," in Advanced Avionics Handbook,
2009.
[4] W. Langewiesche, "The Human Factor," Vanity Fair, September 2014.
[5] NAVYA, "Navya Tech," [Online]. Available: http://navya.tech/?lang=en.
[6] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, "Statement of Policy Concerning Automated
Vehicles," 2013.
[7] Lowry, "Experts Caution Self-Driving Cars Aren't Ready for the Roads," The Press Democrat,
2016.
[8] Bradley, "10 Breakthrough Technologies," Technology Review.
[9] M. Murphy, "Coming in 2021: A self-driving Ford car with no steering wheels or pedals," August
2016. [Online].
[10] Davies, "Ford Reckons Your Self-Driving Car Needs a Movie Projector," 2016. [Online].
[11] Vanderbilt, "Autonomous Cars Through the Ages".
[12] Korosec, "Elon Musk Says Tesla Vehicles Will Drive Themselves in Two Years".Fortune
Magazine.
[13] Google, "Self-Driving Car Monthly Report," 2016.
[14] Greenblatt, "Self-Driving Cars Will be Ready Before Our Laws Are," IEEE Spectrum, 2016.
[15] Tesla Motors, "Autopilot," 2016.
[16] R. Nasr, "Autopilot: What the system can and can't do," March 2015. [Online].
[17] W. Harris, "How Autopilot Works," October 2007. [Online].