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Teaching-Speaking-within-a-Communicative-Competence-Framework.pptx
- 1. Teaching Speaking within aCommunicative Competence Framework Communicative approaches to L2 language teaching have evolved significantly over the past two decades. This evolution stems from Hymes' (1971, 1972) concept of communicative competence, which expanded on Chomsky's (1965) distinction between competence and performance. Hymes argued for the inclusion of language use in social contexts and appropriacy norms. Since the 1980s, various models have been developed to operationalize communicative competence in L2 teaching, emphasizing the crucial role of speaking in facilitating its acquisition.
- 3. The Communicative CompetenceFramework 1 Discourse Competence At the core of the framework, involving the ability to use discourse features for unified spoken text. 2 Linguistic Competence Encompasses phonology, grammar, and vocabulary for producing linguistically acceptable utterances. 3 Pragmatic Competence Includes knowledge of language functions and contextual factors affecting appropriacy. 4 Intercultural Competence Involves understanding cultural and non-verbal communication factors. 5 Strategic Competence Comprises learning and communication strategies to enhance oral development and overcome limitations.
- 4. Discourse Competence inSpeaking 1 Unified Spoken Text Speakers must use discourse features to achieve a unified spoken text, considering purpose and situational context. 2 Discourse Features Knowledge of discourse markers, conversational rules, cohesion, coherence, and formal schemata are essential. 3 Active Role Speakers must balance form, appropriacy, and strategic competence to produce effective spoken discourse.
- 5. Linguistic Competence inSpeaking Phonology Includes knowledge of suprasegmental features like rhythm, stress, and intonation. Pronunciation is crucial for effective communication. Grammar Encompasses morphology and syntax, allowing speakers to form questions, produce basic utterances, and organize them in acceptable word order. Vocabulary The ability to choose relevant vocabulary for a given situation contributes to the elaboration of spoken text.
- 6. Pragmatic Competence inSpeaking Pragmalinguistics Addresses linguistic resources speakers use to convey communicative acts, allowing them to choose appropriate forms for intended meanings. Sociopragmatics Deals with appropriate use of linguistic forms based on context, participant roles, and politeness variables like social distance, power, and degree of imposition. Register Variation Speakers need to know how to vary their spoken utterances appropriately with respect to register, using formal or informal styles as required.
- 7. Intercultural Competence inSpeaking Cultural Awareness Knowledge of cultural rules of behavior to avoid miscommunication, such as understanding appropriate pause lengths in conversations. Non-verbal Communication Understanding body language, facial expressions, and eye contact to communicate effectively across cultures. Adaptability Ability to adjust communication style based on cultural context and non-verbal cues from listeners.
- 8. Strategic Competence inSpeaking Learning Strategies Techniques like repetition and creating purpose to enhance oral development and construct effective spoken discourse. Communication Strategies Use of compensatory strategies such as circumlocution, paraphrasing, and appealing for help to overcome communication breakdowns. Adjustment Skills Ability to make real-time adjustments during speaking to address incomplete or failing interactions.
- 9. Integrating Components forEffective Speaking Component Role in Speaking Integration Strategy Discourse Core of spoken production Practice unified text creation Linguistic Accurate language use Focus on form and accuracy Pragmatic Contextual appropriacy Simulate various social situations Intercultural Cultural sensitivity Expose to diverse cultural contexts Strategic Problem-solving in communication Teach and practice coping strategies Effective speaking within the communicative competence framework requires the integration of all components. Speakers must simultaneously manage linguistic accuracy, contextual appropriacy, cultural sensitivity, and strategic problem-solving while producing cohesive and coherent discourse. This holistic approach enhances overall communicative ability in L2 speaking.