Presentation by Precious C. Akanonu and Joseph Ishaku at the second annual Nigerian Tax Research Network meeting which took place in Abuja on 24th and 25th November 2018.
Presentation by Precious C. Akanonu and Joseph Ishaku at the second annual Nigerian Tax Research Network meeting which took place in Abuja on 24th and 25th November 2018.
Alco-beverages industry to be adversely hit by exclusion from GST - Dr Sanjiv...D Murali ☆
Alco-beverages industry to be adversely hit by exclusion from GST - Dr Sanjiv Agarwal - Article published in Business Advisor, dated March 25, 2017 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific economies 2020OECDtax
Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific Economies is jointly produced by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Centre for Tax Policy and Administration (CTP) and the OECD Development Centre (DEV) with the co-operation of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Pacific Island Tax Administrators Association (PITAA), and the Pacific Community (SPC) and the financial support from the governments of Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. This edition includes a special feature on the tax policy and administration responses to COVID-19 in Asian and Pacific Economies.
The EU candidate countries of Balkans are moderately prepared in the area of taxation. Some progress was made in every country with differeneces in areas of tax administration and capacities.
Stephen M. Cordi from the Office of the Chief Financial Officer gives entrepreneurs tips on new tax regulations at the Washington, DC Economic Partnership's Entrepreneur Road Map seminar (4/16/14).
Alco-beverages industry to be adversely hit by exclusion from GST - Dr Sanjiv...D Murali ☆
Alco-beverages industry to be adversely hit by exclusion from GST - Dr Sanjiv Agarwal - Article published in Business Advisor, dated March 25, 2017 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific economies 2020OECDtax
Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific Economies is jointly produced by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Centre for Tax Policy and Administration (CTP) and the OECD Development Centre (DEV) with the co-operation of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Pacific Island Tax Administrators Association (PITAA), and the Pacific Community (SPC) and the financial support from the governments of Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. This edition includes a special feature on the tax policy and administration responses to COVID-19 in Asian and Pacific Economies.
The EU candidate countries of Balkans are moderately prepared in the area of taxation. Some progress was made in every country with differeneces in areas of tax administration and capacities.
Stephen M. Cordi from the Office of the Chief Financial Officer gives entrepreneurs tips on new tax regulations at the Washington, DC Economic Partnership's Entrepreneur Road Map seminar (4/16/14).
In a lecture at the London School of Economics, Carolyn Fairbairn, CBI Director-General, and Rain Newton-Smith, CBI Chief Economist, argue that uncertainty is biting on our economy and our firms. The complexities of 21st century trade and the prospect of serious disruption from a ‘no deal’ outcome means businesses are changing plans and slowing investment now. The lecture can be viewed here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy6fz0tPcbg
Presentation on data challenges and collaboration relating to the e-Levy in Ghana.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward".
Presentation of study on the impact of the mobile money tax on the usage, demand, and perception of mobile money services of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward".
Presentation on a study aiming to highlight significant events relating to the introduction of the e-levy in Ghana and investigate the effects.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward".
Presentation on the Transaction Cost Index Study, a multi country study exploring the costs consumers face when making mobile money transactions, with research in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Uganda.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward".
Presentation on a study investigating the impact of mobile money taxes on mobile money agents. The researchers have analysed the impact of the new 0.2% tax on mobile money transactions in Cameroon implemented on January 1, 2022 on agents’ survival, profitability, sustainability, and future strategies.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward".
Presentation of a study looking into the increasing use of electronic payment technologies in low-income countries (LICs), with a particular focus on the use of mobile money in Ghana. The study evaluates the effectiveness of tax exemptions for incentivising businesses and customers to adopt digital merchant payments, and shaping their perceptions of the tax system.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward"
Presentation on a Comparison of Taxation of DFS Versus Traditional Financial Services in Nine African Countries.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward
Presentation on a study that investigated the intricate dynamics surrounding the implementation and reception of mobile money taxes, focusing on Ghana as a case study.
Presented at the GRA & ICTD conference "Taxing Mobile Money: Lessons and Ways Forward"
Presentation on digital merchant payments as a medium for tax compliance at the Rwanda Revenue Authority Quarterly Research Workshop.
Access the related paper 'Digital merchant payments as a medium for tax compliance' at: https://shorturl.at/GS029
Presentation at a Better Than Cash Alliance learning session. The presentation is based on this DIGITAX working paper: https://bit.ly/41ZWYPZ
-----
Hosted by the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), Better Than Cash Alliance is a partnership of more than 80 governments, companies and international organizations that accelerates transition from cash to responsible digital payments to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
UNCDF is the United Nations' flagship catalytic financing entity for the world's 46 least developed countries (LDCs).
Presentation by John Walugembe, Executive Director, Federation of Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (FSME) – Uganda
at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Presentation by Hon Alhaj Kaddunabbi Ibrahim Lubega, Chief Executive Officer, Insurance Regulatory Authority of Uganda at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Presentation by Keith Kalyegira, Chief Executive Officer, Capital Markets Authority, at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Remarks by Mr Deo Kayemba, Executive Board Chairman, the Uganda Manufacturers Association (UMA) at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Presentation by Christopher Wales, Senior Research Advisor, DIGITAX Research Programme, at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Presentation by Christopher Wales, Senior Research Advisor, DIGITAX Research Programme, at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Presentation by Christopher Wales, DIGITAX Research Programme, at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Presentation by Mr John Musinguzi Rujoki, Commissioner General, Uganda Revenue Authority (URS), at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Remarks by Dr Michael Atingi-Ego, Deputy Governor, Bank of Uganda at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
Opening speech by Mr Ramathan Ggoobi, Permanent Secretary/Secretary to the Treasury at the Conference on Reshaping the tax system to support the Financial Sector Development Strategy (FSDS)
Kampala, Uganda, 14th–15th December 2022
The two-day conference was convened by Uganda's Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, and co-hosted by ICTD's DIGITAX Research Programme and TaxDev.
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what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
1. Taxing Tobacco in Africa
Hana Ross, PhD
School of Economics
University of Cape Town
2. Why Tax Tobacco? (1)
• Efficient revenue generation
– Primary motive historically and still true in many countries
today
– Very efficient source of revenue given:
• Low share of tax in price in many countries
• Relatively inelastic demand for tobacco products
• Few producers and few close substitutes
– “Sugar, rum and tobacco are commodities which are no where
necessaries of life, which are become objects of almost
universal consumption, and which are therefore extremely
proper subjects of taxation” (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations,
1776)
5. Cigarette Taxes and Government
Revenue in Togo (2007–2010)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2007 2008 2009 2010
Excisetaxrevenue
(inbillionconstant2010XOF)
Advaloremexcisetaxrate
Excise tax rate (ad valorem)
Real excise tax revenue
Note: The base of the ad-valorem tax is the ex-factory price for cigarettes manufactured locally and CIF price +
customs fees (VAT excluded) for imported cigarettes
6. Why Tax Tobacco? (2)
• Promote public health
– Increasingly important motive for higher tobacco taxes in many
high income countries
• Emerging as important factor in some low and middle income countries
– Based on substantial and growing evidence on the effects of
tobacco taxes and prices on tobacco use
• Particularly among young, less educated, and low income populations
– “The Parties recognize that price and tax measures are an
effective and important means of reducing tobacco
consumption by various segments of the population, in
particular young persons.” (Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control, Article 6”)
7. Aggregate Cigarette
Consumption & Real Cigarette
Price in South Africa
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
Cigaretteconsumption(millionpacks,tax-
paidonly)
Averagepriceperpack,2012prices
Price per pack, constant 2012 prices Cigarette consumption, million packs
7
Increase in real price: 23% between 1990 and 1995; 67% between 1995 and 2000; 106%
between 1990 and 2000
8. Cigarette consumption and lung cancer in the
United States:
Declining consumption means declining lung
cancer deaths
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
1900
1903
1906
1909
1912
1915
1918
1921
1924
1927
1930
1933
1936
1939
1942
1945
1948
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
Age-standardizeddeathsper100,000
Cigaretteconsumptionpercapita
Cigarette consumption Male lung cancer deaths
9. Higher prices = lower
infant mortality
• EU study: An increase of €1 (US $1.18) per
pack in the median cigarette price is
associated with a significant decline in infant
mortality both the same year and the following
year
• Cigarette price increases across 23 European
countries between 2004 and 2014 were
associated with 9208 fewer infant deaths.
Filippidis et al, JAMA Pediatrics, 2017.
10. Article 6 Guidelines – Key
Recommendations for the Taxation
System
… implement the simplest and most efficient
system that meets Parties’ public health and
fiscal needs (specific or mixed systems
preferred over purely ad valorem systems)
tax rates should be monitored, increased, or
adjusted on a regular basis, …(inflation,
income growth = affordability)
all tobacco products should be taxed in a
comparable way (avoid risk of substitution)
12. Tax structures by region
Specific Ad valorem Mixed No excise Total
AFRO 13 27 4 1 45
AMRO 15 9 7 2 33
EMRO 3 3 4 10 20
EURO 11 2 39 0 52
SEARO 2 2 4 2 10
WPRO 17 3 3 3 26
Total 61 46 61 18 186
13. Systems that include and favor specific
taxes lead to higher prices
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
Specific Mixed (relying more on
specific)
Mixed (relying more on ad
valorem)
Ad valorem No exicse
Priceperpack(USDPPP)
Excise Rest of Price
14. Tobacco Taxes in Low and Middle-
Income countries in 2012
African countries vs. top performing countries from Asia, South America
and Europe
Africa Asia South
America
Europe
Source: WHO GTCR, 2013
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Taxesasa%ofpriceofthemostsoldbrand
Excise tax All other taxes
15. Simulation of Tax Incrase in
Uganda
Excise as % of Retail Price Total Excise Revenue
(millions of UG Shillings)
Total Consumption
(thousands of packs)
16. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Camelia Marlboro
Tiered ad-valorem excise tax system in
Senegal 2012
20% ad valorem tax on economy brands and
45% ad valorem tax on premium brands
Retail price per pack: 350 CFA
Including excise: 58 CFA
Retail price per pack: 600 CFA
Including excise: 186 CFA
Price
difference:
250 CFA
CFA
18. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Camelia Marlboro
Scenario II
Uniform specific tax of 186 CFA per pack of 20
cigarettes
Retail price per pack: 478 CFA
Including excise: 186 CFA
Retail price per pack: 600 CFA
Including excise: 186 CFA
Price
difference:
122 CFA
The most beneficial from the revenue and the public health perspectiveCFA
19. Weak Tax Administration
Possible Domestic Tax Evasion: Senegal 2010
Tobacco leaf imports Quantity
(million)
Expected
cigarette
production
million
Total tax paid
cigarettes
production
million
Total imports 5.1 kg
For domestic production 3.3 kg 163.1 packs 118.7 packs
Missing cigarettes 24.9 packs
% of missing cigarettes in
tax paid production
27%
20. Price Gap is Deadly
• An increase of 10% in the price differential
between median-priced and minimum-priced
cigarettes was associated with an increase of
0.07 deaths per 1000 live births the following
year.
Filippidis et al, JAMA Pediatrics, 2017.
21. Manufacturers' tax avoidance practices
Induced by Complex Tax Systems: Evidence from
Egypt
Net of tax price per pack of GST/pack
less than 65 P.T. 108 P.T
more than 65 to 73 P.T 112 P.T
more than 73 to 84 P.T. 125 P.T.
more than 84 to 95 P.T. 140 P.T.
more than 95 to 106 P.T. 153 P.T.
more than 106 to 300 P.T 175 P.T.
more than 300 to 425 P.T. 315 P.T.
more than 425 P.T. 325 P.T.
Retail Prices
GST
tax/pack Sales
Premium brands
Marlboro & Merit 8.50 3.25 249,160,624
Kent 8.50 3.25 6,909,409
Mid level priced brands
Rothman- F 5.00 1.75 211,044,603
LM 4.75 1.75 312,473,298
Next 4.25 1.75 36,422,160
Mondial 4.00 1.75 5,984,907
New Super lux 3.50 1.75 34,601
Tier Tax System based on Retail Price
Industry Brand Repositioning
2009 Tax System
22. Excise Administration - Egypt
2009 Tax System Since 2010
Mixture of Excise
Ad valorem (40% of
Retail Price) &
Specific
(EP1.25/pack)
In 2014, total tax
represents 73% of
retail price;
earmarking for
students’ health
insurance.
23. Egypt (continued)
• Tax increases in 2014, 2015, and 2016 - e.g.
50% increase in 2015 and 2016.
• In 2015 Egyptian government made more
money in cigarette taxes than from ships
crossing the Suez Canal.
26. Despite a large fall in consumption,
real excise revenues and industry
revenues have greatly increased
26
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Aggregatecigaretteconsumption(millionsofpacks)
Rmillions(adjustedforinflation,2008base)
Cigarette consumption (RHS scale) Excise tax revenue Total industry revenue
27. Article 6 Guidelines – Key
Recommendations for the Use of
Revenue
Article 26.2 of the WHO FCTC: “Each Party shall provide
financial support in respect of its national activities
intended to achieve the objective of the Convention, in
accordance with its national plans, priorities and
programmes.”
Article 6 guidelines: “Parties could consider, while bearing
in mind Article 26.2 of the WHO FCTC, and in accordance
with national law, dedicating revenue to tobacco-control
programmes, such as those covering awareness raising,
health promotion and disease prevention, cessation
services, economically viable alternative activities, and
financing of appropriate structures for tobacco control.”
28. Fiscal Space Created by Raising
Cigarette Excise by US$ 0.25/Pack
Source: Tobacco Tax Reform At The Crossroads Of Health And Development. WB 2017
29. Why Economics?
Economic arguments around tobacco, alcohol and SSB
control are unclear and often debated
• In 1996, an Asian Health Minister stated “cigarette producers are
making large contributions to our economy... we have to think
about workers and tobacco farmers”
• In 1997, The Economist commented "most smokers (two-thirds
or more) do not die of smoking-related disease. They gamble
and win. Moreover, the years lost to smoking come from the end
of life, when people are most likely to die of something else
anyway”
Source: Tobacco Control 1996, The Economist 1997
30. Times are Changing?
In 1997, The Economist commented "most smokers (two-thirds or
more) do not die of smoking-related disease. They gamble and
win. Moreover, the years lost to smoking come from the end of
life, when people are most likely to die of something else
anyway”
In 2015, The Economist wrote: “Stub it out. …everybody now
knows how to get people to quit: hike taxes, ban smoking
indoors and advertising, publicise the health risks and help
smokers to quit.”
31. Best Practices In Tobacco Tax
Policy
- Simple tax structures are
easier to administer.
- Aspire for 70% excise tax share
to retail prices.
- Adjust tax rates regularly to
account for inflation and income
effects.
- Tax increases are more
effective if implemented as
part of a package.
S – Simple and
specific tax structures
T – Tax levels and tax
shares sufficiently high
to impact tobacco
consumption
O – Overcome inflation
and income effects by
regular tax increases
P – Package
32. Technical Assistance
• UCT’s Economics of Tobacco Control
Project (ETCP) http://tobaccoecon.org
• Knowledge Hub on Articles 6 (Tax and
Price) and 15 (Illicit Trade)
http://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/taxation/
33. Sri Lanka Workshop on the Economics of Tobacco Control
May 2017
Representative research
projects
• The demand for tobacco, alcohol and SSBs
– Estimating the price elasticity of demand
– The impact of tax increases on particular groups, e.g. the poor
• Tax modelling
– The likely impact of a change in the tax structure or level on tobacco consumption, smoking
prevalence and government revenue
• Illicit trade
– Estimating the level and changes in the level of illicit trade
– Ways to reduce illicit trade (e.g. Tracking and Tracing technology)
• Other projects
– Socio-economic impact assessment of proposed legislation
– Data gathering (both primary data collecting and curation of existing data)
– Costs of smoking