The document discusses concepts of Tawheed (the oneness of God) and Shirk (association with God) in Islam, outlining various classifications, signs of creation, and the importance of faith. It emphasizes the innate human recognition of Allah, the definitions of God in Islam versus Western perspectives, and responses to common atheistic arguments. Additionally, it explores the implications of worship (Ibaadah) and the dangers of Shirk, stressing the significance of understanding and defending one's faith.

1. Tawheed & Shirk

2. Index
1 Goal...................................................................................................................................4
2 Takfeer...............................................................................................................................4
3 Tawheed.............................................................................................................................4
3.1 Classifications................................................................................................................4
3.1.1 Bipartite...................................................................................................................4
3.1.2 Tripartite..................................................................................................................4
3.1.2.1 Tawheed ar-Rubboobiya.......................................................................................4
3.1.2.2 Tawheed al-Uluuhiyah..........................................................................................4
3.1.2.3 Tawheed alAsma’was-Sifaat..................................................................................5
4 Signs of Creation..................................................................................................................5
4.1 Parable..........................................................................................................................5
4.2 Signs of Creations are.....................................................................................................5
5 Levels of Sin........................................................................................................................6
6 Fitra...................................................................................................................................6
6.1 Unique Example of Fitra :: Australia..................................................................................7
7 Tawheed ar-Rubuubiyyah......................................................................................................7
7.1 Two Types of Rubuubiyyah..............................................................................................8
7.2 Definition of God in Islam................................................................................................8
7.3 Western Definition of God................................................................................................8
7.3.1 Ontological Proof.......................................................................................................8
7.3.2 Cosmological Proof....................................................................................................8
7.3.3 Teleological Proof......................................................................................................8
7.4 Difference :: Islamic definition vs Western Definition.........................................................10
8 Respond to Atheists............................................................................................................10
9 Uloohiyyah........................................................................................................................14
10 Condition of Shahadah......................................................................................................15
11 Concept of Ibaadah in Islam..............................................................................................15
11.1 Types of Actions..........................................................................................................15
11.2 Worship ....................................................................................................................17
11.2.1 Love....................................................................................................................17
11.2.2 Fear.....................................................................................................................17
11.2.3 Hope....................................................................................................................17
12 Shirk...............................................................................................................................17
12.1 Dangers of Shirk.........................................................................................................18
12.2 Permanent Abode........................................................................................................19
12.3 Destroyer of good deeds..............................................................................................20
12.4 Prevents others from seeking forgiveness for the person..................................................21
13 Manifestation of Ibadaah...................................................................................................22
13.1 Dua...........................................................................................................................22
13.2 Isti’azaah...................................................................................................................22
13.3 Isti’naah :: Seeking help..............................................................................................22
13.4 Tawakkul...................................................................................................................22
13.5 Sabr..........................................................................................................................22
13.6 Vowing......................................................................................................................23
13.7 Sacrifice.....................................................................................................................23
13.8 Tawaf........................................................................................................................23
13.9 Prostration.................................................................................................................23
14 Origins of Shirk :: ............................................................................................................23
14.1 Things to Consider......................................................................................................23
14.1.1 Prophet has no ability to answer Dua.......................................................................23
14.1.2 Grave worship.......................................................................................................24
15 Shafaah (intercession)......................................................................................................25
15.1 Worldly Shafaah..........................................................................................................25
2

3. 15.2 Spiritual.....................................................................................................................25
15.2.1 Condition..............................................................................................................25
15.3 Discussion on Types of Intercession :: ..........................................................................26
15.3.1 General for All.......................................................................................................26
15.3.2 Specific to the Prophet...........................................................................................26
16 Tawassul.........................................................................................................................28
16.1 Types of Tawassul......................................................................................................28
17 The Prophet (saw) protection of Tawheed............................................................................28
18 Miscellaneous Highlights....................................................................................................28
3

4. 1 Goal
- Strengthen our Emman
- Better knowledge of our action and faith
- Defend your faith
- Soften your tongue and heart
2 Takfeer
- A general ruling can be passed but a specific ruling cannot be passed.
- Knowledge is to judge yourself, do no rush to judge others. Have mercy in your heart and soften your
behavior.
3 Tawheed
- It implies that Allah is One and Unique in
o His Lordship
o His Names and Attributes
o Is Right to be worshipped
3.1 Classifications
3.1.1Bipartite
This is the primary classification
1. Tawheed of Affirmation and Recognition
2. Tawheed of Action and Deeds
3.1.2Tripartite
This classification was done later for the sake of understanding Tawheed better and teaching
3.1.2.1Tawheed ar-Rubboobiya
a. Matter of Heart
i. Lordship
ii. Obedience
iii. Sustenance
3.1.2.2Tawheed al-Uluuhiyah
b. Limbs
i. All action of the Body
4

5. 3.1.2.3Tawheed alAsma’was-Sifaat
c. 99 Names of Allah :: Asma-ul-Husna
4 Signs of Creation
4.1 Parable
The droppings and footprints of the camel points to where the camel went. Similarly, the sings of the creation points
to the Creator.
4.2 Signs of Creations are
a. The order of the creation
b. The complexity of the creation
Muhsin Khan: Verily! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, and the
ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind, and the water (rain) which Allah sends down
from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its death, and the moving (living) creatures of all kinds that
He has scattered therein, and in the veering of winds and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth, are
indeed Ayat (proofs, evidences, signs, etc.) for people of understanding.
Yusuf Ali: Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth; in the alternation of the night and the day; in the
sailing of the ships through the ocean for the profit of mankind; in the rain which Allah Sends down from the skies,
and the life which He gives therewith to an earth that is dead; in the beasts of all kinds that He scatters through the
earth; in the change of the winds, and the clouds which they Trail like their slaves between the sky and the earth;-
(Here) indeed are Signs for a people that are wise.
Sahih International: Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and the day,
and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from
the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving
creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a
people who use reason.
( al Baqarah :: 002.164 )
5

6. There are around 30,000 genes in the human body, incorrect sequences of nucleotides making up a gene would
render that gene completely useless. Frank B. Salisbury writes in “Doubts about the Modern Synthetic Theory of
Evolution”, American Biology Teacher, September 1971, p. 336:
“A medium protein might include about 300 amino acids. The DNAgene controlling this would have about 1,000
nucleotides in its chain. Since there are four kinds of nucleotides in a DNA chain, one consisting of 1,000 links could
exist in 41,000 forms. Using a little algebra (logarithms) we can see that 4^1000=10^600. Ten multiplied by itself
600 times gives the figure 1 followed by 600 zeros! This number is completely beyond our comprehension.”
5 Levels of Sin
- Major Shirk
- Minor Shirk
- Bidah
- Minor Sin
- Makruh :: Disliked but when done not sin
- Permissible or Halal
6 Fitra
Innate nature of man to identify the oneness of Allah.
Muhsin Khan: So set you (O Muhammad SAW) your face towards the religion of pure Islamic Monotheism Hanifa
(worship none but Allah Alone) Allah's Fitrah (i.e. Allah's Islamic Monotheism), with which He has created mankind.
No change let there be in Khalq�illah (i.e. the Religion of Allah Islamic Monotheism), that is the straight religion, but
most of men know not. [Tafsir At�Tabari, Vol 21, Page 41]
Yusuf Ali: So set thou thy face steadily and truly to the Faith: (establish) Allah's handiwork according to the pattern
on which He has made mankind: no change (let there be) in the work (wrought) by Allah: that is the standard
Religion: but most among mankind understand not.
Sahih International: So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. [Adhere to] the fitrah of Allah upon
which He has created [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of Allah. That is the correct religion,
but most of the people do not know.
( ar-Ruum 30.30 )
If the child were left alone, he would worship Allah in his own way, but all children are affected by those things
around them, seen or unseen.
6

7. The Prophet (PBUH) reported that Allah said, "I created my servants in the right religion but devils made them go
astray". The Prophet (PBUH) also said, "Each child is born in a state of "Fitrah", then his parents make him a Jew,
Christian or a Zoroastrian, the way an animal gives birth to a normal offspring. Have you noticed any that were born
mutilated?" (Collected by Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim).
Muhsin Khan: And (remember) when your Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their loins, their seed
(or from Adam's loin his offspring) and made them testify as to themselves (saying): "Am I not your Lord?" They
said: "Yes! We testify," lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: "Verily, we have been unaware of this."
Yusuf Ali: When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants, and made
them testify concerning themselves, (saying): "Am I not your Lord (who cherishes and sustains you)?"- They said:
"Yea! We do testify!" (This), lest ye should say on the Day of Judgment: "Of this we were never mindful":
Sahih International: And [mention] when your Lord took from the children of Adam – from their loins – their
descendants and made them testify of themselves, [saying to them], "Am I not your Lord?" They said, "Yes, we
have testified." [This] – lest you should say on the day of Resurrection, "Indeed, we were of this unaware."
( al-A’raf 7.172 )
6.1 Unique Example of Fitra :: Australia
[ will not talk about any other African or Amazonian Tribe ]
It is a continent whose culture, social and religious history can be traced back to at least twenty-five thousand years.
Many scholars extend it to forty thousand years or beyond. According to some researchers, however, this period
could extend even to a past as remote as one hundred and thirty thousand years of unbroken, unadulterated and
undisturbed growth of religion.
The Wiimbaio tribe, for instance, believed that while engaged in the process of the creation of earth, God remained
close at hand but having finished His work He ascended back to the loftiness of the constellations. Similarly, the
Wotjobaluk tribe believed Bunjil to be a Supreme Being, who once lived on the earth as a great man but eventually
ascended to the sky.
The sociologists, when referring to these beliefs, very often forget to inform the reader that these and all the other
five hundred or more tribes, did believe in the eternity of the Creator; whether He took human form or not is only
incidental and not central to the issue. Again, what is central to their belief is the fact that the earth and whatever it
contained did not eternally coexist with the Supreme Creator.
7 Tawheed ar-Rubuubiyyah
7

8. 7.1 Two Types of Rubuubiyyah
1. General Rubuubiyyah :: This is to all creation. No object exists without Allah being its Rabb. This the
case even if they deny it. For example, even if the Athiest deny, Allah is his/her Creator.
2. Specific Rubuubiyyah :: When you acknowledge Allah, then Allah has a special relationship with you.
This is Rubuubiyyah that Allah shows to His servants. For example, as parent you are more concerned
about your own child than a general concern about your neighbors child as a human being.
7.2 Definition of God in Islam
1. “There is none like Him. (Ash-shura 42:11)
2. “He is first and the last. (al-Hadeed 57:3)
a. If He is not temporal, then He must be eternal
b. Eternal without beginning or end
3. “He begets not, nor is He begotten” (Al-Akhlas 112:3)
a. If He is eternal without any cause, then He must not be begotten and by corollary He would not
beget.
4. “Allah – There is no God deserving of worship but He, the ever-living, the self-sufficient [and] omnipotent”
(al-Baqarah 2:255)
a. If He is not temporal, and is eternal without cause, then nothing causes Him to exist or cease to
exist, and nothing can cause Him to exist or prevent Him from existing; so He must be self-sufficient
5. “Verily your Lord does what He wills” (Huud 11:107)
6. “God is alive” (al-Baqarah 2:255)
7. “The Knower of the unseen and seen” (al-An’aam 6:73)
7.3 Western Definition of God
7.3.1Ontological Proof
- The argument examines the concept of God and argues that if we can conceive of God he must exist
o FLAW :: Since we can conceive Avatar movie, it exists.
7.3.2Cosmological Proof
- Everything that exists has a cause of its existence
- The universe exists
- The universe has a cause of it existence, therefore God exist being the cause
- Domino Affect :: God moved the first domino
o FLAW :: God now has no control of the domino affect
7.3.3Teleological Proof
- the world is too complex, orderly, adaptive, apparently purposeful or beautiful to have occurred randomly or
accidently.
- Therefore, the world must have been created by a sentient, intelligent, wise or purposeful being
8

9. - God is a sentient, intelligent, wise or purposeful being
- Therefore, God exists.
9

10. 7.4 Difference :: Islamic definition vs Western Definition
Islamic proofs :
- are simple
- are universal
- do not require detailed background in any philosophy
- have no negative implications (in contrast with western proofs)
- are logical
# Authentic logic will always agree with authentic revelation
8 Respond to Atheists
First Argument
All religions claim that God is an all-powerful entity. So it is possible that God can create something so heavy
that He cannot lift it ?
Second Argument
Is it possible for God to create a circle with four sides ? Or an onject that’s exists and doesn’t exist at the same
time ?
10

11. Third Argument
TheTheory of Evolution proves that we are descendants of other beings. Science explains everything – there is
no need to believe in supernatural God.
Fourth Argument
It is historically clear that religions have been tools used by the powers-that-be to control the masses. Religion
is the single most-important cause of social upheaval, wars and death. Is it possible that a true religion would
allow this ?
Fifth Argument
It is not possible for an All-Merciful God to allow such suffering as we see in the world today. People dying of
hunger and starvation, natural disasters destroying hundreds and millions of lives, unnecessary diseases,
plagues and wars, and the list goes on. The existence of evil clearly proves that an All-Powerful, All-Merciful
God cannot exist.
11

12. Sixth Argument
God is unnecessary to our life; hense, He does not exist
Seventh Argument
Which God, when there are more than 500 Gods ? Hense, he does not exist.
12

13. Eighth Argument
There is no proof for the existence if God, hense He does not exist
Ninth Argument
If everything is created, then who created God?
13

14. Tenth Argument
Do you exist ? Does God Exist ?
9 Uloohiyyah
- Rubuubiyah alone is not sufficient
- If a Muslim says I believe in Allah and that’s it, then that person is as equal to Shaytan (Iblis)
- Shaytan, even after believing Allah, He called him Kafer.
- To be a Muslim, he/she must also believe in Allah’s Uloohiyyah
-
Al-Hashr 059.016
Muhsin Khan: (Their allies deceived them) like Shaitan (Satan), when he says to man: "Disbelieve in Allah."
But when (man) disbelieves in Allah, Shaitan (Satan) says: "I am free of you, I fear Allah, the Lord of the
'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists)!"
Yusuf Ali: (Their allies deceived them), like the Evil One, when he says to man, "Deny Allah": but when
(man) denies Allah, (the Evil One) says, "I am free of thee: I do fear Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!"
Sahih International: [The hypocrites are] like the example of Satan when he says to man, "Disbelieve." But
when he disbelieves, he says, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of the
worlds."
Al-Hashr 059.017
14

15. Muhsin Khan: So the end of both will be that they will be in the Fire, abiding therein. Such is the
recompense of the Zalimun (i.e. polytheists, wrong-doers, disbelievers in Allah and in His Oneness, etc.).
Yusuf Ali: The end of both will be that they will go into the Fire, dwelling therein for ever. Such is the reward
of the wrong-doers.
Sahih International: So the outcome for both of them is that they will be in the Fire, abiding eternally
therein. And that is the recompense of the wrong-doers.
- Similarly, Prostration is only one act of Tawheed, which is Uloohiyyah. It is only with Doa that it becomes
complete.
- More than 500 verses in Quran, speaking against doing Doa to other than Allah.
10Condition of Shahadah
1. Knowledge :: which negates ignorance
2. Certainity :: which negates doubt
3. Acceptance of it :: which negates rejection or denial
4. Submission to it :: which negates disobedience
5. Sincerity and purity of intent :: which negates shirk
6. Truthfulness :: which negates hypocrisy
7. Love and devotion to shirk and its people includes disassociation from and contempt of Allah’s religion and
His people, and vice versa.
11Concept of Ibaadah in Islam
- As per Ibn-Taymiyyah (R:) “A comprehensive term, encompassing all apparent and hidden acts and
statements that are beloved by Allah”
11.1 Types of Actions
1. Ibadaah :: All religious action
2. Qurbah :: natural action with intention. I,e, sleeping with the intent to pray Tahajjud
3. Mu-aamalah :: Natural action, eating, bathing.
15

16. Example :: Walking to the Mosque from home and coming back from Mosque to home
16

17. 11.2 Worship
:: Revolves around Love, Fear and Hope. Bird example
11.2.1Love
- Love of the Devine
o Sole right to Allah
- Love for the sake of the Devine
o Love for Rasul for the Sake of Allah
- Natural Love
o As long this does not interfere with the higher levels of love, it is ok.
11.2.2Fear
- Fear of Devine
o Sole right to Allah
- Natural Fear
o If this interferes with higher level of fear then this is disbelief
o To fear dog is natural fear
o To fear Jinn/Shaytan can/will lead to disbelief
11.2.3Hope
- Hope that good deeds will be accepted
- Hope that sins will be forgiven
- Hope of wordly good. This should be in Allah, but if you fall short of that then it is a minor shirk
12Shirk
- Opposite of Tawheed is Shirk
- Negation of elements of Tawheed is Shirk
- Shirk in essence means, giving Allah’s rights to other than He.
17

18. 12.1 Dangers of Shirk
1. Unforgiveable
a. Allah will never forgive this act.
an-Nisa 004.116
Muhsin Khan: Verily! Allah forgives not (the sin of) setting up partners in worship with Him, but He forgives whom he
pleases sins other than that, and whoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, has indeed strayed far away.
Yusuf Ali: Allah forgiveth not (The sin of) joining other gods with Him; but He forgiveth whom He pleaseth other sins
than this: one who joins other gods with Allah, Hath strayed far, far away (from the right).
Sahih International: Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for
whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray.
18

19. 12.2 Permanent Abode
b. Shirk prohibits a person from entering Paradise
Al Mai’dah 005.072
Muhsin Khan: Surely, they have disbelieved who say: "Allah is the Messiah ['Iesa (Jesus)], son of Maryam (Mary)."
But the Messiah ['Iesa (Jesus)] said: "O Children of Israel! Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Verily,
whosoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and the Fire will be his
abode. And for the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong�doers) there are no helpers.
Yusuf Ali: They do blaspheme who say: "Allah is Christ the son of Mary." But said Christ: "O Children of Israel!
worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the garden, and
the Fire will be his abode. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.
Sahih International: They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the Messiah, the son of Mary" while the
Messiah has said, "O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Indeed, he who associates others
with Allah – Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire. And there are not for the wrongdoers any
helpers.
19

20. 12.3 Destroyer of good deeds
c. Shirk destroys all of a person’s good deeds.
d. Takes out the person from the fold of Islam
e. Nullifies marriage
f. Strips off the right of inheritance
g. Strips off all Islamic rights
h. Even a prophet would have suffered the same consequence
Az-Zumar 039.065
Muhsin Khan: And indeed it has been revealed to you (O Muhammad SAW), as it was to those (Allah's
Messengers) before you: "If you join others in worship with Allah, (then) surely (all) your deeds will be in vain, and
you will certainly be among the losers."
Yusuf Ali: But it has already been revealed to thee,- as it was to those before thee,- "If thou wert to join (gods with
Allah), truly fruitless will be thy work (in life), and thou wilt surely be in the ranks of those who lose (all spiritual
good)".
Sahih International: And it was already revealed to you and to those before you that if you should associate
[anything] with Allah, your work would surely become worthless, and you would surely be among the losers."
20

21. 12.4 Prevents others from seeking forgiveness for the person
i. If a person dies in a state shirk, it is prohibited for Muslims not to seek forgiveness for him
j. Prophet (saw) said to his uncle at the time of his passing away, “ O my Uncle! Say one phrase by
which I will argue your case in front of Allah”
At-Taubah 009.113
Sahih International: It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for the polytheists,
even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire.
At-Taubah 009.114
Sahih International: And the request of forgiveness of Abraham for his father was only because of a promise he had
made to him. But when it became apparent to Abraham that his father was an enemy to Allah, he disassociated
himself from him. Indeed was Abraham compassionate and patient.
At-Taubah 009.115
Sahih International: And Allah would not let a people stray after He has guided them until He makes clear to them
what they should avoid. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.
21

22. Ruboobiyyah :: Major Shirk
Wuloohiyyah :: Major + Minor Shirk
Minor Shirk in Worship :: Riya :: Show off in prayer
Minor Shirk in Tongue :: Only can swear by Allah but not extreme
Minor Shirk of Limbs :: Amulets, charms.
13Manifestation of Ibadaah
13.1 Dua
o Dua constitutes all 3 parts of Tawheed
o Shirk in Dua is more worse than Shirk in Prostration
13.2 Isti’azaah
o Seek Refuge to Allah
o Exclusively to Allah
13.3 Isti’naah :: Seeking help
Two Types
 Supernatural
• Only Allah can do so and beyond human beings power
 Natural
• This is acceptable as long we do not make it exclusive
• Example :: Shane helped me. It is was not for Shane I would not have survived.
13.4 Tawakkul
o Action of Heart
o Putting one’s trust in Allah
o Perfection of this means is to cut off hope of any good from any created onject.
13.5 Sabr
o Three types of Sabr :: From highest to lowest
 Sabr in Constant Action
• of Worship
 Sabr in Restraining
• From Sin
 Sabr in Response
• To situations
22

23. 13.6 Vowing
o Conditional promise in the name of Allah :: Discouraged
13.7 Sacrifice
o Eid ul Adha
13.8 Tawaf
o Hajj acts
13.9 Prostration
o Two Types
 Sajda of Respect
• Angels prostrated to Adam
• Yacob (as) prostrated to Yusuf (as)
• Prophet prohibited this. Explain !
 Sajdah of Worship
• This is exclusive to Allah.
-
14Origins of Shirk ::
Begins with showing rightful respect to ordinary people and gradually through generations it converts to undue
worshipping.
Surah Nuh :: 071.023
̄ ̄
Sahih International: And said, 'Never leave your gods and never leave Wadd or Suwa‘ or Yaghuth and Ya‘uq and
Nasr.
14.1 Things to Consider
14.1.1Prophet has no ability to answer Dua
o Surah Al Araf 7 :: 187 – 188
23

24. 007.187
Sahih International: They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the Hour: when is its arrival? Say, "Its knowledge is only
with my Lord. None will reveal its time except Him. It lays heavily upon the heavens and the earth. It will not come
upon you except unexpectedly." They ask you as if you are familiar with it. Say, "Its knowledge is only with Allah,
but most of the people do not know."
007.188
Sahih International: Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I
knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a
warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe."
- Incident of Abu Talib
o Surah Al-Qasas 28 : 56
007.056
Sahih International: And cause not corruption upon the earth after its reformation. And invoke Him in fear and
aspiration. Indeed, the mercy of Allah is near to the doers of good.
- Battle of Uhud and Prophets injury
o The Prophet (saw) was wounded on his forehead; a javelin hit his cheek; and Talha blocked a blow
of a sword: however, the deflected blow pushed the face plate of his armor into his cheek. So he
was wounded in three different ways. At the time, while wiping the blood off the face, the Prophet
(saw) said : “How can Allah forgive a people who do this to their Prophet (saw) ?” At this point
Allah revealed the following vers.
o Surah Al-Imran 3 : 128
003.128
Sahih International: Not for you, [O Muhammad, but for Allah], is the decision whether He should [cut them down] or
forgive them or punish them, for indeed, they are wrongdoers.
o Remember that the three main leaders of the enemy were Khalid ibn Waleed (on the right flank),
Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahal (on the left flank) and Abu Sufyan (overall commander). Each one of these
three eventually died as a Companion in the best of ways.
14.1.2Grave worship
Sahih Bukhari :: Volume 1, Book 8, Number 419:
Narrated 'Aisha:
Um Habiba and Um Salama mentioned about a church they had seen in Ethiopia in which there were
pictures. They told the Prophet about it, on which he said, "If any religious man dies amongst those
people they would build a place of worship at his grave and make these pictures in it. They will be
the worst creature in the sight of Allah on the Day of Resurrection."
24

25. Sahih Bukhari :: Volume 1, Book 8, Number 426:
Narrated 'Aisha:
Um Salama told Allah's Apostle about a church which she had seen in Ethiopia and which was called
Mariya. She told him about the pictures which she had seen in it. Allah's Apostle said, "If any
righteous pious man dies amongst them, they would build a place of worship at his grave and make
these pictures in it; they are the worst creatures in the sight of Allah."
Sahih Bukhari :: Volume 1, Book 8, Number 427:
Narrated 'Aisha and 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas:
When the last moment of the life of Allah's Apostle came he started putting his 'Khamisa' on his face
and when he felt hot and short of breath he took it off his face and said, "May Allah curse the Jews
and Christians for they built the places of worship at the graves of their Prophets." The Prophet was
warning (Muslims) of what those had done.
Sahih Bukhari :: Volume 1, Book 8, Number 428:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "May Allah's curse be on the Jews for they built the places of worship at the
graves of their Prophets."
- About the Madina Mosque
o Reluctantly pray
o Heaven between the Grave and the Meembar
15Shafaah (intercession)
15.1 Worldly Shafaah
a. Surah An-Nisa 4 : 85
b. Some intercedes for you when you apply for a job
15.2 Spiritual
a. Surah az-Zumar 39 :: 44
b. Allah must give permission to Intercede
i. Only happens to those who Allah loves most
c. Can be only done for people with whom Allah is pleased, other word is Righteous people
15.2.1Condition
1. Allah must have given the permission
a. Surah Saba 34 :: 23
25

26. 034.023
Sahih International: And intercession does not benefit with Him except for one whom He permits.
[And those wait] until, when terror is removed from their hearts, they will say [to one another],
"What has your Lord said?" They will say, "The truth." And He is the Most High, the Grand.
b. Surah Taha 20 :: 109
020.109
Sahih International: That Day, no intercession will benefit except [that of] one to whom the Most
Merciful has given permission and has accepted his word.
c. Surah Zukhraf 43 :: 86
043.086
Sahih International: And those they invoke besides Him do not possess [power of] intercession; but
only those who testify to the truth [can benefit], and they know.
2. Must be people with whome Allah is already pleased.
a. Surah al-Anbiya 21 :: 27
021.027
Sahih International: They cannot precede Him in word, and they act by His command.
15.3 Discussion on Types of Intercession ::
15.3.1General for All
1. it raises their rank in Paradise
2. they are saved from the fire of the hell before entering it
3. some will be removed from the fire after having entered it, before their time is completed. People from
hellfire will ask the people entering Jannah to ask Allah to forgive them.
15.3.2Specific to the Prophet
1. Intercession to start the Reckoning on the Day
2. Intercession on behalf of his entire Ummah to enter Paradise
3. Intercession to open the gates of Paradise
Is asking for another being’s spiritual intercession in this world considered Shirk ?
26

27. 1. to ask living person to make dua for you is permissible, provided that it is with belief that Allah is the One
Who answers.
2. To ask the dead person at his/her grave to make dua could be
a. Shirk :: if you believe that the person you are calling in the grave has the right / obligation that Allah
will give him intercession, then this is shirk
b. Bida’h :: if you believe that the dead in the grave can hear you in a similar fashion to when he was
alive, this is bida’h and a stepping stone to shirk (as was the opinion of Sheikh Ibn-Taymiyyah))
3. If you call out to the dead person from afar while knowing Allah is the one who answers, this is still shirk.
27

28. 16Tawassul
- Means it is that act which brings you closer to another object.
16.1 Types of Tawassul
1. Using Allah’s Names
a. Surah Al-Araf 7 :: 180
2. Using ones state
3. Using Good deeds as reason
a. Surah Al-Imran 3 :: 16
4. Using a Righteous Living Person
a. Sahih Bukhari Volume 2, Book 17, Number 123:
Narrated Anas:
Whenever drought threatened them, 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, used to ask Al-Abbas bin 'Abdul Muttalib to
invoke Allah for rain. He used to say, "O Allah! We used to ask our Prophet to invoke You for rain, and
You would bless us with rain, and now we ask his uncle to invoke You for rain. O Allah ! Bless us with
rain."(1) And so it would rain.
17The Prophet (saw) protection of Tawheed
1. The Prophet (saw) forbade the building of mosques over graves
2. He forbade burial of the dead inside the mosques
3. He forbade the worship of Allah at places where shirk occurs or has occurred
4. He forbade the worship of Allah at times when shirk occurs
5. He forbade exaggeration in general
6. He forbade Muslims to praise him excessively
7. He forbade his Companions to stand up in his presence
8. He forbade image making
9. He forbade undertaking a religious journey except to the thre places that Islam has made
sacred but with intention of Allah and no one else. Not even the Prophet.
10. He forbade the Muslims to imitate the disbelievers
11. He commanded that all raised graves be leveled
12. He reminded Muslims of the true purpose of visiting graveyards and graves
13. He forbade certain phrases that lead to shirk.
18Miscellaneous Highlights
- Perform obligatory worship in front of other people for the sake of Allah. This is establishing Deen “Iqamus
Salah”
- Nafal or optional worship to be done secretly to get most benefit.
- Authentic logic will always agree with authentic revelation
- Black Stone issue
- Madinah is Barakah
- Dates of Madina is Barakah
28

29. - Marry righteous person
- Righteous woman of this earth will be beautiful to match the honor of Jannah. They will be the Queen of the
Hurs.
- Allah’s mercy on the Spouse and his/her request provided other person is in Jannah
- Shariah of the past is acceptable as long as it does not contradict the Shariah of Prophet (saw).
29