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[Task 3 1] Energy use amongst 'new Modern Energy CONsumers' in the GMS
- 1. Energy use amongst ‘new Modern Energy CONsumers’ in the GMS Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Dr Julia Tomei & Dr Gabrial Anandarajah University College London, UK International Dissemination Workshop, September 2015
- 2. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Aim To identify the opportunities and barriers to the adoption of energy efficient technologies, measures and policies amongst the ‘new Modern Energy CONsumers’
- 3. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Objectives • To collect information about the household characteristics of the survey population i.e. the new modern energy consumers • To determine how new modern energy consumers currently use energy • To understand household energy aspirations • To identify the opportunities and barriers for energy efficiency amongst new modern energy consumers
- 4. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion The Household Survey • Introduction • Section A: Information about the household – age, gender, education, income, occupation, household size, decision making etc. • Section B: Energy baseline data – Current energy use, including electricity and other fuels, energy aspirations • Section C: Energy efficiency – Factors influencing decision making, sources of information, knowledge of EE • Any other comments
- 5. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Survey Summary Country Number % Rural % Female Ave Hhold Members Cambodia 484 36 64 5.33 Laos 274 26 52 4.76 Myanmar 314 13 55 4.16 Thailand 293 68 57 3.43 Vietnam 295 58 45 4.35 Total 1660 40 56 4.51
- 6. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Electricity AccessType of Electricity Access
- 7. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Electricity AccessOwnership of appliances • What technologies do MECON households use for: – Cooking – Lighting • What appliances do MECON households own?
- 8. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Cooking appliances 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CA LA MY TH VN Percentageofhouseholds Traditional biomass Improved cookstove Charcoal stove Electric stove Rice cooker LPG Microwave
- 9. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Lighting 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CA LA MY TH VN Percentageofhouseholds Candles Batteries/ torches Kerosene Incandescent Fluorescent CFL LED
- 10. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Appliances: entertainment & communication 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CA LA MY TH VN Percentageofhouseholds CRT TV Flat screen TV Mobile phone Computer Video/ DVD Radio HiFi
- 11. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Appliances: heating & cooling 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CA LA MY TH VN Percentageofhouseholds Refrigerator Electric fan A/C Electric water heater Solar water heater Electric heater
- 12. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Other appliances 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CA LA MY TH VN Percentageofhouseholds Electric kettle Electric iron Washing machine Electric water pump Vacuum cleaner
- 13. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Appliances Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion • 95% of households owned a TV • 88% of households also owned mobile phones and electric fans • Fridges (64%) and electric irons (63%) were also owned by a majority of households
- 14. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Decision making: information • How important are different sources of information were when making decisions about buying or renting electrical appliances? – Friends, family and neighbours are most important – Excepting Cambodia, the shop or retailer is also important – The internet is only an important source of information in Vietnam
- 15. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Decision making: costs
- 16. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Awareness of EE labels More than half of respondents had seen the label, but… only two-thirds knew what the label meant
- 17. Willingness to pay for EE • The majority of respondents indicated that they would be willing to pay more for an energy efficient appliance
- 18. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Discussion • Fuel stacking – Use of multiple fuels and technologies for cooking and lighting • Multiple factors influencing purchasing behaviours – Initial cost of an appliance is very important • WTP more for an energy efficient appliance – Perceived quality and reduced electricity bills • Many households indicated that they would like to know more about energy efficiency – Opportunity for education and information campaigns
- 19. TOPIC 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion Thank you! 19 For further information or questions, please contact: Julia Tomei j.tomei@ucl.ac.uk
Editor's Notes
- Outline: Aims and objectives of Task 3 How we designed the survey, content etc. Sample profile Household energy consumption Energy efficiency Conclusions
- 100+ questions A total of 1,660 questionnaires were carried out between January and May 2014 in both rural and urban areas. Surveys were carried out in communities using numerous enumerators, because it was important for surveys to be conducted face-to-face in order to encourage a higher response rate. All survey data were inputted using the online survey tool, Survey Monkey. The survey data were then analysed using Excel and SPSS.
- Almost a third (30%) of respondents were aged between 18-29, while older people – those aged 60 and over – were underrepresented in this survey; this age group accounted for 11% of respondents. The vast majority (86%) of respondents owned their own home, while just 3% had their homes provided by relatives and the remainder (11%) rented their accommodation. Household size ranged from 1 person to 15 people; houses in Thailand generally smaller, while Cambodian households were larger (12% households had >= 8 people) The most common occupation was ‘government, teacher or other professional’ (24%), followed by self-employed (20%) and agriculture (17%)
- 85% of respondents had had access to electricity for more than one year. Only 3% had had electricity for less than a year – mainly in Cambodia or Myanmar. The remainder didn’t know how long they had had access. Electricity was perceived to be often to always available Median expenditure on electricity was USD 10.90 (min USD 0; max = USD 150). On average, respondents in Vietnam spent the most on electricity, Myanmar the least.
- 85% of respondents had had access to electricity for more than one year. Only 3% had had electricity for less than a year – mainly in Cambodia or Myanmar. The remainder didn’t know how long they had had access. Electricity was perceived to be often to always available Median expenditure on electricity was USD 10.90 (min USD 0; max = USD 150). On average, respondents in Vietnam spent the most on electricity, Myanmar the least.
- Reasons for fuel stacking: behaviours, cultural preferences, and the availability, dependability and affordability of fuels and appliances.
- Potential for energy efficiency improvements e.g. c.75% households still use less inefficient CRT TVs. 95% of low income households surveyed own a TV 88% of households also own mobile phones and electric fans Fridges (64%) and electric irons (63%) were also owned by a majority of households
- Potential for energy efficiency improvements e.g. c.75% households still use less inefficient CRT TVs.
- Potential for energy efficiency improvements e.g. c.75% households still use less inefficient CRT TVs.
- The most important factor was the initial price of the appliance. For example, in Thailand, 95% of respondents indicated price was ‘important’ to ‘very important’. For the whole sample, this figure was 87%. While how much an appliance cost to run was also an important consideration, it was perceived to be less important that the initial cost; 78% of all respondents indicated operating costs were ‘important’ to ‘very important’. This suggests that the energy efficiency of an appliance will be of secondary importance compared to the initial price.
- The most important factor was the initial price of the appliance. For example, in Thailand, 95% of respondents indicated price was ‘important’ to ‘very important’. For the whole sample, this figure was 87%. While how much an appliance cost to run was also an important consideration, it was perceived to be less important that the initial cost; 78% of all respondents indicated operating costs were ‘important’ to ‘very important’. This suggests that the energy efficiency of an appliance will be of secondary importance compared to the initial price.
- When asked why Perceived quality and longer-term savings while EE labels have an influence over purchasing behaviours regardless of whether the MECON know what it signifies, but that the proportion of those who feel it has an impact on their decision making increases once they understand what information it conveys.