Tackling Air Pollution at Scale_ Bengaluru

getting
PM 2.5
to
12µg/m3
www.sensinglocal.wordpress.com

Getting PM 2.5 to 12 µg/m3

150 µg/m3
Pollution Level
Legend:
• Emission Footprints
(Average travel time: 1 hr)
• Hospital
• Schools
• Parks
• Waste burning sites

Legend:
• + LEZs
• + Green Sinks
• + Tree cover
• Reduced Emission
Footprints
(Average travel time: 20 min)
12 µg/m3
Pollution Level
Low Emisson Zones (LEZs)
Around vulnerable
geographies: Schools, hospitals
Green Sinks
to absorb pollution
Increasing green cover
Reduced travel time
Closer work – live areas
Or Using cleaner transport
Monitoring of waste
burning/ better
management

Getting PM 2.5 to 12 µg/m3

Interconnectedness of Data
feasibility

Interconnectedness of Data

Data critical to influence
decision making
Making room for cycle lanes/
BRTS system
Comparing:
• Health benefits, pollution
reduction, Reduce Per-
capita emissions, Traffic flow
vs economic investment
• Determining viable routes –
influenced by demand and
existing routes, pollution
levels
Use of Data
Source: http://www.narendramodi.in/Source: https://c2.staticflickr.com/

Data critical to influence
decision making
• Live –work – Configuration
Limiting exposure levels
• Enabling monitoring,
measuring progress
City Pollution map
Source: Airasting.org
Use of Data

Role of Stakeholders to tackle the issue at Scale
Role of Government
• Setting clear targets through participation
• Issuing supportive policies
• Providing fiscal support
• Strengthening Monitoring & Enforcement
Role of Enterprises, community groups, citizens
• Reducing emissions
• Investing in clean production
• Pollution abatement measures

Ground Zero: Marking Status quo
Awaiting Actions
• Pollution levels indeterminate
• Sources of pollution, its make up and
impact unknown
• Large scale policy actions to
counteract rising pollution yet to be
taken
• Pollution being embedded as a
criteria for infrastructure development
and planning
• Health directives for schools,
hospitals or outdoor workers
“No studies, no data:
air pollution continues
to haunt Bengaluru”
- 21 Apr 2016 , Citizen Matters

Ground Zero: Approach
• Identifying first users and first actions
– To realise immediate impact
– Trigger multiplier effect
• Scale matters
– Critical mass for self organization
– Community level - benefit and context visibly linked
• Incremental approach (bottom up ) vs one led by a defined vision
– Demand based actions
– Localization of environment risk
– Peer to Peer learning
– City as a cluster of typologies of urban fabric

Ground Zero: What’s the role of data?
• As an investigator
1. Connecting – Pollution – Pollutants – Polluter
2. Deficits – Demand
• Identifying stakeholders
• Creating awareness/demand
• Define normative, ways of understanding
pollution, influence policy
• Defining the market
• Need data to be visual, interactive
• Needs data to be democratic
http://www.howpollutedismyroad.org.uk/roads.php

Citizen/Community level
• Emission footprint mapping for Schools
• Assessing Health impact (Pulmonary Function Test)
• Perception Survey
• Dynamic mapping of Pollution levels
• Community monitoring programme
City level
• Health meter
• Pollution Congestion Map
Sensing Local: On-going Projects

Emission Footprint Mapping

Assessment Health Impact

Perception Survey
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Perception of sources of pollution
vehicular
Burning of waste
Construction
Road dust
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Burning of waste
Greater concern for waste burning as a
source of pollution by regular cyclists
Ranking of sources of pollution by their
importance remains same among all stakeholders

0
5
10
15
20
25
Modes of Travel
(27) School
Commuters
(69) Office
Commuters
Perception Survey

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 - 30 min 30 - 1hr 1 - 2 hrs 2 -3 hrs over 4 hrs
Commulative
travel
Individual
travel time
Moderate
Toxic
Unhealthy
Unhealthy for
sensitive people
Average time 106 min in traffic
100 of 118 people spend close to 45 min a day in traffic
70 people (or over 50%) spend 90 min in traffic
Perception Survey

Sunday, Morning 10:00 – 10:30
Dynamic Mapping of Pollution Levels

Community Watch Programme

• Polluting vehicles
• Garbage burning spots
• Trees being illegally cut
Reporting as a way of mapping the issue:
Sources of pollution (demand for fixes)

Going Forward: Proposition for a Public Project
• Empanelment of enterprises to aggregate data on a single platform
• Collaborate for pilot studies, working alongside multiple domain experts to look at the problem
comprehensively
• Work with local communities to understand capacities and problems at ground
• Influence Economic and Policy instruments to support the ground level demand/need
• Guiding setting of City Targets, bottom up.
‘Public Making’ of the project is also ‘Making of the Public’
Informed public is a demanding public!
Public information is critical to shaping appetite for alternative solutions

Tackling Air Pollution at Scale_ Bengaluru

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