PREFACE
First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us. Thanks to God for helping me
and give me chance to finish this assignment timely.
This assignment is the one of English task that composed of Practical English Usage
English As Second Language I realized this assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can
be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment be
better. Hopefully we as a student in “Smansa Barumun ” can work more professional
by using English as the second language whatever we done. Thank
Kata pengantar
Pertama sekali, bersyukur atas kasih Allah dan rahmat bagi kita. Terima kasih kepada
Tuhan untuk membantu saya dan memberi saya kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan
tugas ini tepat waktu.
Tugas ini adalah salah satu tugas bahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari Praktis Penggunaan
Bahasa Inggris Sebagai Bahasa Kedua saya menyadari tugas ini tidak sempurna. Tapi
saya berharap dapat berguna bagi kita. Kritik dan saran yang dibutuhkan di sini untuk
membuat tugas ini lebih baik. Mudah-mudahan kita sebagai murid di "Smansa
Barumun" dapat bekerja lebih profesional dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai
bahasa kedua apa pun yang kita lakukan. Terima

GENRE (KINDS OF TEXTS)
Jenis Teks
Genre much deals with kinds of texts.
Genre banyak berhubungan dengan jenis tek.
It has: ia memiliki
1. 1. Communicative purpose/social function (tujuan komunikasi)
2. Generic structure/text organization (struktur teks)
3. Linguistic features (ciri-ciri kebahasaan)
What is a text? (Apa teks itu?)
Texts consist of spoken or written words that have the purpose of conveying a message.
Teks terdiri dari kata-kata lisan atau tertulis yang bermaksud menyampaikan sebuah
pesan.
The text types (Tipe teks)
There are twomain categories of text type: literary and factual.
Ada dua kategori utama pada jenis teks yaitu: sastra dan fakta.
1. Literary text type:
1) Narrative
2) Poems
3) Drama
These text types are used totell us about human experience usually in an imaginative
way.
Jenis teks ini digunakan untuk menceritakan tentang pengalaman manusia biasanya
dengan cara khayalan.
Their purpose is to make readers or listeners think, laugh, cry or be entertained.
Maksud mereka ialah membuat pembaca atau pendengar berpikir, tertawa, menangis
atau terhibur
2. Factual text type
1) Recount 11) Discussion
2) News item 12) Review
3) Procedure 13) Anecdote
4) Description
5) Narrative
6) Report
7) Analytical Exposition
8) Hortatory Exposition
9) Spoof
10) Explanation

Berikut ini bentuk-bentuk genre (Jenis teks) dalam bahasa Inggris:
RECOUNT
(LAPORAN PERISTIWA, KEJADIAN ATAU KEGIATAN MASA LAMPAU)
1. Ciri Umum
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
Toretell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining
(melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau
menghibur).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Orientation: memberikan informasi tentang siapa, di mana dan kapan
Events: rekaman peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya
disampaikan dalam urutan kronologis
Reorientation: pengenalan ulang yang merangkum rentetan peristiwa, kejadian atau
kegiatan.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features): Menggunakan:
nouns dan pronouns sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan atau benda yang terlibat,
misalnya David, the monkey, we dsb.
action verbs atau kata kerja tindakan, misalnya go, sleep, run dsb.
past tense, misalnya We went to the zoo; She was happy dsb.
conjunctions dan time connectives yang mengurutkan peristiwa, kejadian atau
kegiatan, misalnya and, but, then, after that, dsb.
adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk mengungkap tempat, waktu dan cara, misalnya
yesterday, at my house, slowly dsb.
adjectives untuk menerangkan nouns, misalnya beautiful, funny, dsb. Generic
Structure/Text Organization Orientation: menunjukkan setting (tempat) dan
memperkenalkan tokoh. Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 … dst. Reorientation: Penutup ataupun
penekanan kembali Events: menceritakan apa yang terjadi secara berurutan.
2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:
Topic: Our trip to the Blue Mountain
Last Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David and Della’s house. It
has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a tennis court.
On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic railway. It wasscary.
Then, Mummy and I went shopping with Della.
We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old hats.
On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw cockatooshaving a
shower. In the afternoon, we went home.
VOCABULARIES:
1. 1. Mountains : pegunungan
2. 2. lots of : many: banyak
3. 3. tennis court : lapangan tenis
4. 4. scary ks. Menakutkan
5. 5. scenic ks. permai, indah (of an area, view). s. railway jalan kereta api
dengan/yang penuh pemandangan

6. 6. cockatoo kb. Kakatua
7. 7. having a shower : mandi
3. SUMMARY OF RECOUNT TEXT
Bacaan berbentuk recount adalah suatu kejadian yang pernah dialami, biasanya
berbentuk laporan dan lain sebagainya.
Siswa perlu mempelajari recount text untuk menceritakan kejadian-kejadian nyata
yang sudah dialami baik secara lisan maupun tulisan.
Standar kompetensi yang terkait dengan penguasaan jenis teks ini adalah mampu
berkomunikasi secara lisan atau tulisan secara interaksional.
Generic Structure dari recount :
a.Orientation : menyebutkan orang atau benda yang melakukan atau yang terlibat
didalamnya serta waktu, tempat, situasi .
b.Event: urutan kejadiaanya.
c.Re-orientation : Rangkuman dari seluruh kejadian yang ada pada teks atau
komentar pribadi yang dapat dimulai dari tahap mana saja sesuai dengan kompetensi
yang dimiliki oleh setiap siswa.
B. NEWS ITEM
(Warta Berita)
1. Ciri Umum:
Toinform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important
(memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar atau penonton tentang peristiwa-
peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan).
 Newsworthy events: kejadian inti/menceritakan kejadian-kejadiannya dalam
bentuk yang sangat singkat.
 Background events: menjelaskan apa yang terjadi, siapa yang terlibat, dalam
situasi bagaimana.
 Sources: komentar saksi kejadian, pendapat para ahli
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features):
Informasi singkat tertuang dalam headline
Menggunakan action verbs
Menggunakan saying verbs, misalnya say, tell, dsb.
Menggunakan kata keterangan, misalnya badly injured, the most beautiful bride in the
world Generic Structure/Text Organization Newsworthy event Background event
Sources

Topic: Town ‘Contaminated
Newsworthy event
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet
nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.
Background events
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people
who witnessedthe explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo –
22 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the
Chernobyldisaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was
covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the
reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a
nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than
600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
Source
A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the
Soviet Navy.
Vocabularies :
1. journalist: wartawan
2. evidence: kb. 1 fakta-fakta. 2 bukti. 3 keterangan, tanda , petunjuk. conflicting e.
keterangan yang saling bertentangan. -kkt. menunjukkan.
3. catastrophe – disaster : kb. malapetaka, bencana alam.
4. witnessed : menyaksikan
5. explosion : kb. letusan, ledakan, letupan. e. of anger kemarahan yang meledak.
6. submarine: kb. kapal selam. s. chaser pemburu kapal selam. -ks. yang
berhubungan dengan dasar laut. s. geology geology dasar laut.
7. occurred: took place : terjadi
8. refit : kkt. (refitted) memperlengkapi lagi (a ship).
9. thermal : ks. yang berkaitan dengan panas. t. current arus panas.
10. secrecy : kb. (j. -cies) sifat rahasia, kerahasiaan.
1. C. PROCEDURE
(Prosedur)
1. Ciri Umum:
Todescribe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps
(Memberi petunjuk tentang cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan
atau langkah).
Goal : tujuan kegiatan
Materials : bahan-bahan
Steps : langkah-langkah

Menggunakan:
pola kalimat imperative, misalnya, Cut, Don’t mix, dsb.
action verbs, misalnya turn, put, don’t, mix, dsb.
connectives untuk mengurutkan kegiatan, misalnya then, while, dsb.
adverbials untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat, misalnya for five
minutes, 2 centimetres from the top, dsb. Generic Structure/Text Organization Goal:
Biasanya judulnya Materials – Steps (berupa metode)
Goal
How to Make a Cheese Omelet
Materials: –
Ingredients 1 egg, 50 g cheese, ¼ cup milk, 3 tablespoons cooking oil, a pinch of salt and
pepper – Utensils Frying pan, fork, spatula, cheese grater, bowl, plate –
Steps
Method 1. Crack an egg into a bowl 2. Whisk the egg with a fork until it is smooth 3. Add
milk and whisk well 4. Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir 5. Heat the oil in a frying
pan 6. Pour the mixture into the frying pan 7. Turn the omelet with a spatula when it
browns 8. Cook both sides 9. Place on a plate; season with salt and pepper 10. Eat while
warm.
Topic: “How to boil an egg”
Do you know how to boil an egg? Well, this the way . First, heat a saucepan of water on
the stove. Then put the egg in the boiling water. Next, heat it until it boils. Then, cook
it for three minutes. Remember, Leave the egg until it cools. Now, the egg is ready to
serve. Finally serve it with pepper powder and salt.
Vocabularies:
1. 1. to boil : merebus
2. 2. heat : panaskan
3. 3. stove : kompor
4. 4. pepper powder: bubuk merica
Topic: “How to cook rice”
First, wash some rice in cold water. Like this. Second, put the rice with some water in a
pot. Then, boil and cool it slowly for about 20 minutes. (After 20 minutes) See, there is
no more water now. After that, put the rice to the simmerand steam it for about 45
minutes. Now, the rice is ready tobe served.
Vocabularies:
1. 1. Boil : rebus
2. 2. Simmer : mendidih dengan perlahan
3. 3. Steam : kukus

Choose the correct answer
1. What kind of the text is it?
a. recount b. spoof c. narrative
d. report e. procedure
2. What is the purpose of the text above?
a. to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.
b. to present two points of view about an issue.
c. to amuse or entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different
ways.
d. to describe how something accomplished through a sequence of steps
e. to describe a peculiar person, place or things.
3. Mention the generic structure of the text ?
a. goal, events, reorientation
b. goal, materials and equipments, resolution
c. orientation, events, steps
d. orientation, steps goal
e. goal, materials and equipments/steps
4. What kind of verb is mainly used in the text?
a. Mental verbs b. linking verbs c saying verbs d. thinking verbs e. action verbs
5. How many ingredients / materials are needed to cook rice?
a. Four c. only one e. three
b. Two d. five
Summary of Procedure Text
a. Purpose:
-Tohelp us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions
or directions
b. Text Organization:
-Goal : (tujuan kegiatan)
-Materials : (bahan-bahan)
-Steps : (langkah-langkah)
c. Language Features:
– Use of imperatives (pola kalimat imperatives) for example: Cut, Don’t mix ,etc.
– Use of action verbs (ex: turn, put, mix, etc.)
– Use of connectives (untuk mengurutkan kegiatan) (eg: first, then, while, etc.)
– Use of adverbial phrases (untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang
akurat. (ex: for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

D. DESCRIPTION
(Deskripsi/ Gambaran)
1. Ciri Umum:
Todescribe a particular person, place, or thing
(Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu).
· Identification: mengidentifikasi fenomena yang akan dideskripsikan
· Description: mendeskripsikan bagian-bagian, kualitas, ciri-ciri subjek, perilaku
umum, sifat-sifat.
Terfokus pada participant tertentu: misalnya my house, my cat, the museum, dsb.
Menggunakan:
simple present tense.
detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya It was a
large open rowboat, a sweet young lady, dsb.
berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya,
two strong legs, sharp white fangs, dsb.
relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya, My mum is realy
cool, It has very thick fur, dsb.
thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis
tentang subjek, misalnya Police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal,
dsb.
action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.
abverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut, misalnya
fast, at the tree house, dsb.
bahasa figurative, sepertisimile, metafor, misalnya John is white as chalk, sat tight,dsb
Topic: MacQuarie University
Identification
Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it
celebrates its 40th anniversary.
Description
The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South
Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area
was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings
have evolved beyond recognition.
The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupationanchored by
a vibrant and growing university. Blessed with a fortunate location and room to
breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the
university’s most attractive natural features.

A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus.
This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a
place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect.
Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will
be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to
be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its
beautiful site.
Vocabularies:
1. locate kkt. 1 menempatkan. 2 menemukan (a friend, book). -kki. menetap. to be
located terletak
2. rural ks. pedusunan, pedesaan, pedalaman. to live in a r. area tinggal di daerah
pedalaman/pedesaan.
3. retreat kb. 1 mundurnya (of troops). 2 tempat pengasingan diri. 3 tanda
mundur. -kki. mundur.
4. fringe kb. 1 pinggir (of town, of society). 2 golongan pinggir. 3 lingkaran
pinggir. -kkt. menyusur. Grassy slopes f. the stream Lereng berumput menyusur
sungai itu.
5. vibrant ks. 1 bergetar (tones). 2 bersemangat (spirits).
6. evolve kkt. menyusun, memperkembangkan. -kki. berkembang.
7. recognition kb. 1 pengakuan (of a country, by the chairman). 2 pengenalan (by
s.o.). 3 penghargaan (for outstanding service).
8. Emphasis : penekanan
9. under construction sedang dibangun
10. poised : -kkt. memperseimbangkan
Questions:
1. 1. What is one of the largest universities in Australia.?
2. 2. Where is The university located?
3. 3. What is under construction today?
4. 4. What has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the
university are most likely to pleasurably recollect.?
5. 5. What kind of genre is the text?
E. NARRATIVE
(Cerita, Dongeng, Legenda)
1. Ciri Umum:
Toammuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways
(Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca (yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata,
khayal atau peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya
menemukan suatu penyelesaian)).
· Orientation: mengenalkan pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat
· Complication: pengembangan konflik
· Resolution: penyelesaian konflik
· Reorientation: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik
dari cerita.

Menggunakan:
nouns tertentu sebagaikata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita,
misalnya, stepsisters, housework, dsb.
adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, misalnya, long black hair, twored apples, dsb.
time connectives dan conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian, misalnya
then, before that, soon, dsb.
adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa,
misalnya here, in the mountain, happily ever after,dsb.
action verbs dalam past tense; stayed, climbed, dsb.
saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti: said, told, promised, dan thinking verbs
yang menandai pikiran, persepsi atau perasaan tokoh dalam cerita, misalnya thought,
understood, felt, dsb.
Title: “WHY DO HAWKS HUNT CHEEK?”
“Once upon a time a hawk fell in love with a hen. Then the hawk flew down from the
sky and asked the hen, “Won’t you marry me?”
Then the loved braved, strong hawk and wished to marry him. But she said, “I
cannot fly as high as you can. If you give me time, I may learn to fly as high as you. Then,
we can fly together.”
The hawk agreed. Before he went away, he gave the hen a ring. “This is to show
that you have promised to marry me,” said the hawk.
So it happened that the hen had already promised to marry a rooster. So, when
the rooster saw the ring, he became very angry. “Throw that ring away at once! Didn’t
you tell the hawk that you’d already promised to marry me?” shouted the rooster. The
hen was so frightened at the rooter’s anger that shethrew away the ring immediately.
When the hawk came the next day, the hen told him the truth. The hawk was so
furious that he cursed the hen. “Why didn’t you tell me earlier? Now, you’ll always
be scratching the earth, and I’ll always be flying above you to catch your children,” said
the hawk.
The curse seemed to have come true.
Choose the correct answer:
1. Why couldn’t the hen say “yes” right away? Because ….
(A). she didn’t love the hawk
(B). she had no ring to exchange
(C). it would make the rooster angry
(D). the hawk was too brave and strong
(E). she had to learn how to fly as high as the hawk

2. What is the story about?
(A). A hen and a rooster.
(B). A hawk and his wife.
(C). A hen and her children.
(D). A rooster and his fiancé.
(E). A hawk, a hen and a rooster.
3. “The hawk flew down from the sky and asked the hen, “Won’t you marry
me?” (paragraph 1)
What does the underlined utterance mean?
(A). The wanted to marry the hawk
(B). The hen refused to marry the hawk
(C). The hen agreed to be the hawk’s wife
(D). The hawk proposed the hen to be his wife
(E). The hawk wanted to marry the hen at the sky
4. Why was the rooster angry when he saw the ring?
(A). The hen had betrayed him
(B). The hen had stolen his ring
(C). The hen didn’t wear her own ring
(D). The ring was not good for the hen
(E). The ring was too small for the hen
5. What can we learn from the story? We have to ….
(A). take care of our children
(B). keep our promise
(C). love one another
(D). listen to other
(E). marry soon

Title: “ALI BABA AND THE FORTY THIEVES”
There once was a poor woodcutter, named Ali Baba. He lived in the wooden house near
the forest.
One day, he was gathering wood in the forest when a band of thieves approached.
He hid and watched them enter a cave that opened when they said to the words,
“Alakazam, open!.” After they departed, Ali Baba stood before the cave and gave the
command “Alakazam, open!.” He was surprised, the cave opened to reveal an enormous
supply of gold and treasures. Ali Baba packed some of the gold on his donkeys and
returned home.
His brother Qasim was rich but hardhearted merchant, discovered Ali Baba’s new
wealth, he demanded an explanation. The next day Qasim visited the cave and greedily
gathered as much treasures as he could, but forgot the formula for leaving the cave. The
thieves opened the cave and found Qasim over there. The leader of the thieves killed
him.
Qasim’s wife was worried why her husband did not come home for a day. She asked
Ali Baba to look for him. Ali Baba went to the cave and was surprised that his brother
killed. He brought his brother’s body home and one knew it and reported that to the
leader of the thieves.
The following day the leader of the thieves planned to kill Ali Baba and he came to
his house. He tried to kill him, fortunately his slave, Murganah, helped him. She swung
a sword and killed the leader of the thieves. Murganah freed Ali Baba from the murder.
Finally Ali Baba married Murganah and they lived happily ever after.
Answer the following questions:
1. Which paragraph is Orientation of the story?
2. Which paragraphs are Complications of the story?
3. Which paragraph is Resolution of the story?
4. What is the theme/message of the story?
Title: “THE LION AND THE MOUSE”
Once, when a Lion was asleep, a little mouse began running up and down upon him; this
soon wakened the Lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his big jaws to
swallow him. “Pardon, O king,” cried the little Mouse, “ Forgive me this time, I shall
never forget it; who knows but what I may be able to do you a turn some of these days?”
The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the Mouse being able to help him, that he lifted up
his paw and let him go.
Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap, and the hunters, who desired to carry him
alive to the king, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him on.
Just then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and see the sad plight in which the
Lion was.He went up to the lion and soon gnawed away the ropes that bound the king of
the Beasts. “Wasn’t I right? “ said the little Mouse.
Moral: Little friends may prove great friends.(AESOP)

Questions:
1. 1. Who was the author of the story?
2. 2. Did the lion parden the mouse?
3. 3. Could the mouse help the lion?
4. 4. How did he help him?
5. 5. What is the message of the story?
Summary of Narrative Text
Purpose:
to amuse or entertain or to deal with ctual/imaginative experiences in different ways.
Schematic Structure/TextOrganization:
§ Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the participants (When? Who? Where?)
§ Complication: a crisis arises (What was the problem?)
§ Resolution: the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse (How was the problem
resolved? How did the story end?)
§ Re-orientation: (optional stage)
§ Theme: Clear message
Linguistic/language features:
§ Specific participants
§ Action verbs (material processes)
§ Saying verbs (verbalprocesses)
§ Mental verbs (mental processes)
§ Linking verbs (relational processes)
§ Temporal connectives
§ Temporal circumstances
§ Spatial circumstances
§ Personal pronoun
§ Simple past
§ The use of Direct Indirect Speech.
F. REPORT
(Laporan Hasil Pengamatan)
1. Ciri Umum:
Todescribe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made, and
social phenomena in our environment

(menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan
sistematis atau analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gejala alam, lingkungan,
benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat
berupa kesimpulan umum, misalnya, ikan paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan
tersebut melahirkan anaknya. Untuk membuat laporan semacam ini, siswa perlu
mengamati dan membandingkan ikan paus dengan binatang lainnya yang memiliki ciri-
ciri yang sama).
General classification: pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan,
keterangan, dan klasifikasinya
Description: menceritakan fenomena apa yang sedang didiskusikan; berkaitan dengan
parts, qualities, habits or behaviors.
general nouns, seperti‘Reptiles in Comodo Island’, dsb.
relating verbs untuk menjelaskan ciri, misalnya reptiles are scaly animals (ciri ini
berlaku untuk semua reptilia), dsb.
action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, misalnya lizards cannot fly, dsb. • present
tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya Komodo dragons usually weight
more than 160 kg, dsb.
istilah teknis, misalnya water contains oxygen and hydrogen, dsb.
paragraf dengan topik sentence untuk menyusun sejumlah informasi.
Tidak bersifat promotif
Terdapat dalam ensiklopedia
Topic: THE PELICAN
General classification
The white pelican is one of the most successful fish-eating birds.
Description
The success is largely due to its command hunting behaviour. A group, perhaps two
dozen birds, will gather in a curved arc some distance offshore.
The birds then begin to move forward towards the shore, beating the
waterfuriously with their wings, driving the fish before them.
When the water is shallow enough for the birds to reach the fish,
theformation breaks up as each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop up its meal.
As the bird lifts its head, the water drains from its bill leaving the fish which are
then swallowed.
Pelicans are among the oldest group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been found
dating back 40 million years.

Topic: THE WHALE
Whales are sea-livings mammals. They therefore breathe air but cannot survive on land.
Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meters in
length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth.
Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its
external structure; its tail consists of a pair of broad, flat horizontal paddles (the tail of a
fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its large, broad head.
The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat (blubber).
It can be up to 30 meters in thickness and serves heat and body fluids.
Answer the following questions:
1. What group of animals do whales belong to?
2. How long is a whale’s body?
3. Why can’t whales survive on land for a long time although they breath air?
4. What is the difference between whales and fish?
G. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
(Eksposisi Analitis)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif (communicative purpose/social function):
The communicative purpose/social function of analytical exposition is to persuade the
reader or listener that something is the case
(Untuk membujuk, meyakinkan atau mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa
sesuatumerupakan kasus)
Kadang juga dikatakan bahwa analytical exposition dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi
audience / pendengar atau pembaca bahwa ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat
perhatian)
b. Struktur Teks (generic structure):
1. Pernyataan pendapat (Thesis)
2.Argumen (arguments), terdiri atas “point” yang dikemukakan dan
3.“Elaboration”; Penguatan pernyataan (Reiteration)
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (linguistic features):
Menggunakan:
1. General nouns, misalnya car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.
2. Abstract nouns, misalnya policy, government, dsb.
3. Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals, dsb.
4. Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.
5. Action verbs, misalnya She must save, dsb.
6. Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb
7. Modal verbs, misalnya we must preserve, dsb.

8. Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, we, dsb.
9. Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly,dsb.
10. Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, trustworthy, dsb.
11. Kalimat pasif (passive voice)
Topic: “The Importance of English Language”
I personally think that English is the world’s most important language. Why do I say
that?
Firstly, English is an international language. It is spoken by many people all over the
world, either as a first or second language.
Secondly, English is also the key which opens door to scientific and technical
knowledge, which is needed for the economic and political development of many
countries in the world.
Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking for jobs. Applicants who master
either active or passive English are more favorable than those who don’t.
From the facts above, it is obvious that everybody needs tolearn to greet the global
era.
(adapted from: Student Book for SMA, Balai Pustaka)
Questions:
1. Why do you say that English is the world’s most important language?
2. Where does the text adapt from?
H. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
(Eksposisi Hortatori)
1. Ciri Umum:
Topersuade the reader or listener that something should be/shouldn’t be the case
(Untuk membujuk, meyakinkan atau mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa
sesuatu seharusnya/tdk seharusnya demikian
Thesis (pernyataan isu yang dipersoalkan)
Arguments: berupa alasan mengapa ada keprihatinan, dan mengarah ke rekomendasi
Recommendation: pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Feature):
Terfokus ke pembicara / penulis yang mengangkat isu. Menggunakan:
Abstract nouns, misalnya policy, government,dsb.
Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals, dsb.
Relating verbs, misalnya should be, doesn’t seem to have been,dsb.
Action verbs, misalnya We must act, dsb.

Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe, dsb
Modal verbs, misalnya we must preserve, dsb
Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, wem dsb.
Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb
Simple present tense
Kalimat pasif
Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, trustworthy, dsb.
2. Contoh Teks:
Topic: “CARS SHOULD BE BANNED IN THE CITY”
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, andcause a lot
of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world.
Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and
‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. (point) triggers wander everywhere and cars
commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads
biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at
night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.
Vocabularies:
1. 1. Banned : dilarang
2. 2. Cause : menyebabkan
3. 3. Deaths : kematian
4. 4. Accidents: kecelakaan
5. 5. Emit : memancarkan, mengeluarkan
6. 6. Triggers : memicu
7. 7. Wander : menggeluyur, keliling
8. 8. Noisy : berisik
Questions:
1. 1. In the writer’s opinion what do cars in a city cause?
2. 2. What do cars emit?
3. 3. Who mostly are the victims in car accidents?
4. 4. Which paragraph tells you that cars also cause noice pollution?
5. 5. What is the topic of the text?
6. 6. What kind of text is the above reading?
7. 7. What is the generic structure of the text?

Topic: “CRIME IN CITIES”
Crime is a serious problem in big cities and it is getting worse every year. This is
what police departments around the country said in their reports last week.
The subways and the streets are more dangerous. You may not even besafe in your
own home.
Why is the problem so serious now? This is not an easy question to answer. There
may not be a single answer. Many problems together seem to make cities
so dangerous.
One of the problems is money. To fight crime a city needs police officers, cars,
and guns. These cost a lot of money. But right now cities do not have much extra money.
So, there are not enough police officers, cars and guns for the cities.
Another problem is drugs. Crime studies show that many criminals use and sell
drugs. After they start taking drugs, they want to have more. However,drugs are very
expensive. So, these people may sell drugs to other people to make money or they
may steal money to get more drugs.
There is an even more important cause of crime. Critics have rich and
poor neighborhoods. In the poor neighborhoods, jobs are hard to find. Many young
people don’t have much hope for a better life. They only know one way to make a better
living, that way is to sell drugs or steal. So, some of these young people
become criminals.
It is not going to be easy to change these crime problems. We must first change
many of the laws about drugs. We must change the way cities spend their money. Until
then, the crime problem will not go away and we will live our live in fear.
Adapted from Reading Power,Beatrice S.M
Addison-Wesley Publishing
Vocabularies:
1. 1. crime kb. 1 kejahatan. 2 kesalahan
2. 2. worse ks. lih BAD. 1 lebih buruk/jelek. 2 bertambah buruk. 3
lebih jahat. -kk. lebih buruk
3. 3. subway kb. kereta-apidibawah tanah
4. 4. safe kb. peti besi. -ks. 1 aman. 2 tidak berbahaya
5. 5. dangerous ks. berbahaya, membahayakan.
6. 6. drug kb. kb. 1 Med.: obat-obatan. 2 Narc.: obat bius
7. 7. steal kkt. (stole, stolen) 1 mencuri
8. 8. neighborhood kb. lingkungan. in the n. of 1 didekat, disekitar
9. 9. criminal kb. penjahat, narapidana. -ks. 1 kriminal, pidana. c. court
pengadilan perkara-perkara pidana. 2 yang bersifat kejahatan, kriminal. c.
behavior tingkah laku kriminil

I. SPOOF
(Laporan Kejadian Atau Peristiwa Lucu)
1. Ciri Umum:
Toretell an event with humorous twist
(menceritakan kejadian, peristiwa aneh atau lucu berdasarkan kejadian atau
peristiwa dalam kehidupan nyata yang bertujuan menghibur, yang biasa diakhiri
dengan sesuatu plesetan yang lucu (twist).
Orientation: memperkenalkan participants (tokoh), waktu, dan tempat
Events: berisi kejadian/peristiwa/kegiatan 1, 2, 3, dst
Twist: akhir yang tidak terduga atau lucu.
Terfokus pada orang, binatang, benda tertentu;
Menggunakan action verbs, misalnya eat, run;
Menggunakan keterangan waktu dan tempat;
Menggunakan past tense;
Disusun sesuai dengan urutan kejadian.
 Generic Structure/Text Organization
 Orientation
 Event(s)
 Twist
Topic: Penguin In The Park
Orientation Once a man was walking in a park when he came across a penguin.
Event 1 He took him to a policeman and said, ‘ I have just found this penguin. What
should I do?’ The policeman replied, ‘ take him to the zoo’.
Event 2 The next day the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man
was still carrying the penguin with him. The policeman was rather surprised and walked
up to the man and asked, ‘Why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didn’t you take
it to the zoo? ‘ ‘I certainly did,’ replied the man.
Twist ‘and it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today I’m taking him to
the moviest!

Title: “Michael and His Father”
Okay students. Listen to me. I have a good story. The story is about a
boynamed Michael. He was ten years old. He was not a very good pupil. Why? Because
he didn’t like doing his homework. What did he like then ?Oh, he liked playing in
his leisure time. He liked football very much. Do you know why he didn’t like doing
his homework? Because he always made a lot of mistakes when he did it.
Well, one day, his mathematics teacher looked at Michael’s homework and found
that all his homework was correct. Wow, that’s a good job! Of course students, the
teacher was very pleased and surprised. So, he called Michael to his office and said to
him, Michael, you’ve got all your homework right this time. You’re doing great. Well
done, Michael. Did your father help you?
“No, sir” Michael said, “Usually my father did it for me. But last night he was very
busy. He had a meeting. So, he couldn’t do my homework. Then, I had to do it
by myself.
Vocabularies:
1. named : yg bernama
2. leisure time kb. waktu terluang
3. pleased : happy: senang
4. surprised : heran
5. myself : saya sendiri
Questions:
1. Do you find something funny from the story?
2. In your opinion, was Michael a clever student or not?
3. Who was cleverer, Michael or his father?
4. Do you like this kind of story? Why?
5. If you were a teacher, would you be angry with Michael?
Title: SWIFT AND HIS SERVANT
Swift, the famous English writer, author of Gulliver’s travel, was one day travelling on
a horse back with a servant.
As it was raining , the roads were muddy. In the evening the two travellers came to
an inn. Before going to bed, Swift said to his servant: “My boots are dirty, clean them,
please”. The servant was rather lazy; besides he was tired, so he went to bed without
cleaning his master’s boots.
The next morning, when Swift saw the boots, he exclaimed: “What, you have not
cleaned my boots!” The servant looked at him and answered: “Well, Sir, as the weather
is very bad, and we are to travel again, if I cleaned them now, they would soon be as
dirty as before”.
“Very good, saddle the horses. We we shall start immediately”.
“But please, Sir, we have not had our breakfast yet”
“Oh, never mind! Should you take your breakfast now, you would soon be hungry
again.”

Vocabularies:
1. 1. Famous adj well known : terkenal
2. 2. Author writer : pengarang
3. 3. Servant assistant : pelayan
4. 4. Muddy full of mud : becek
5. 5. Inn hotel : penginapan
6. 6. Boots high shoes : sepatu tinggi
7. 7. Besides also, too : juga
8. 8. Master employer : majikan
9. 9. Exclaimed cried shouted : berteriak
10. Soon immediately : segera
11. Excuse reason : maaf / alas an
1. 12. never mind no objection : tidak apa
Answer the following Questions:
1. 1. Who was Swift?
2. 2. How was he travelling?
3. 3. Was he travelling alone?
4. 4. What kind of weather were they having?
5. 5. Were the roads clean?
6. 6. Did Swift give his servant any orders before going to bed?
7. 7. What did he tell him to do?
8. 8. Was Swift’s servant lazy nor diligent?
9. 9. Did he go to bed without doing his job?
10.Was Swift pleased when he saw his boots had not been cleaned?
J. EXPLANATION
(Penjelasan)
1. Ciri Umum:
Toexplain the process invloved in the formation or workings of natural or sociocultural
phenomena
(menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang
terkait dengan fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial-budaya, atau lainnya yang
bertujuan menjelaskan).
A general statement toposition the reader (pernyataan umum untuk memposisikan
pembaca).
A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs (penjelasan yang berurutan
tentang mengapa dan bagaimana sesuatu itu terjadi)
Closing (Penutup)
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Languistic Features): Menggunakan
general dan abstract nouns, misalnya word chopping, earthquakes;
action verbs;
simple present tense;
passive voice;
conjunctions of time dan cause;

noun phrase, misalnya the large cloud;
abstract nouns, misalnya the temperature;
adverbial phrases;
complex sentences;
bahasa teknis; kalimat pasif
Topic: “Making Paper from Woodchips”
General statement Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper
products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut
down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
Process explanation (sequenced) Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut
out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed
and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips.
The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they
are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is
then bleached and the water content is removed. Closing Finally the pulp is rolled out
to make paper.
Topic: “How Do Floods Occur?”
In winter there is snow on the mountains. When spring comes the sun comes out,
it shines onto the snow. The snow melts. The melting snow turns into water and flows
off the mountain and enters the rivers. The huge amount of water makes the water level
rise
If rocks and concreted areas around rivers they can cause floods. If it rains the rain
falls onto the rocks, nothing can soak up the water. The water flows down the rocks and
into the river.
When it rains for a long time the huge amount of rain cannot soak into the soil.
The water forms small streams. The streams all lead to the main river and feed it. As the
water enters the river the water level rises. If there is not a dam on the bank of the river
the river will flood.
Choose the correct answer
1. The generic structure of text above is:
(A). general statement – description
(B). orientation – complication – resolution
(C). general statement –explanation sequence
(D). a statement of an issue – arguments – a conclusion
(E). the goal of the activity – materials needed – steps to do
2. The text above is called ….
(A). narrative
(B). descriptive
(C). discussion
(D). procedure
(E). explanation

K. DISCUSSION
(Diskusi/ Pembahasan)
1. Ciri Umum:
Topresent at least two points of views about an issue
(mengetengahkan suatu masalah (isu) yang ditinjau paling tidak dari 2 (dua) sudut
pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.
Issue: Statement (pernyataan) dan preview
Arguments for and agaist or statement of differing points of view (Pendapat yang
mendukung dan pendapat yang menolak atau pernyataan dari sudut pandang yang
berbeda). Terdiri atas: -Point (gagasan pokok) 1 – Elaboration (uraian) Bisa terdiri atas
lebih dari satu point dan elaboration.
Conclusion or recomendation (kesimpulan atau rekomendasi)
general nouns untuk menyatakan kategori, misalnya uniforms, alcohol, dsb,
relating verbs untuk memberiinformasi tentang isu yang didiskusikan, misalnya
smoking is harmful, dsb.
thinking verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis, misalnya feel,
believe, hope, dsb.
additives, contrastives dan causal connectives untuk menghubungkan argumen,
misalnya similarly, on the hand, however, dsb.
detailed noun groups untuk memberikan informasi secara padu, misalnya the dumping
of unwanted kittens, dsb.
modalities, sepertiperhaps, must, should, should have been, could be, dsb.
adverbials of maner, misalnya deliberately, hopefully, dsb.
1. 3. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:
Topic: “HACKING: PRO AND CONTRA?”
Do you know what a hacker is? Well, a hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the
details of programmable systems on computers and they like to stretch the capability of
the systems. And you know what, the activities they do in the computers are called
‘hacking’.
So, what’s the problem with ‘hacking and its hackers’? Well, the problem is whether
‘hacking and its hackers’ is legal or illegal? What I mean is that people in the world have
many different views about hacking and the hackers. Some of them take sides, but many
objects.
Toget back to what I was saying previously, let us see the positive points of a hacker,
shall we? Although in most places breaking into computer systems is considered illegal,
I believe that hackers don’t do anything illegal because they only want to know and try
the systems. I dare to say that a hacker likes finding the strengths and the weaknesses
of a computer system. They feel proud if they can find the weaknesses. So I don’t really
see the crimes in this case. In addition, these hackers sometimes help the police catch
the ‘white collarcriminals’, such as bank robbers, money launderers, credit card

forgers. For example, in 2000, the U.S. hackers caught some Singaporean hackers who
made ‘Virus Love’ to break up the programs of the U.S. National Security system.
Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that hacking is a
crime. The reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to break into banks and
other vital institutions where they can get money, destroyinformation, and the worst
thing is they can get secret information and sell it to another country. This is
a treachery.
Take for example, in 1994, The U.S. government broke a conspiracy of computer hackers
out of Majorca, Spain. These hackers were responsible for accessing
and eliminating 190,000 telephone credit card numbers over computer bulletin
boards in America and Europe. Seeing this fact, I don’tblame those who think
negatively about hackers.
Toput the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are not bad people
with their brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of money orientation to
get the wealth. That’s just the point.
Vocabularies:
1. hack kb. 1 orang yang diupah untuk mengerjakan kerja-kerja kesusasteraan.
2 Inf.: taksi. –kkt. 1 menetak. memakuk, memarang. 2 melukai seseorang dengan
kasar. Sl.: to h. around ngeluyur. hackingcough batu
2. previously sebelumnya
3. strength kb. 1 kekuatan. s. of materials kekuatan materi. 2 tenaga.s. of mind
tenaga/kekuatan pikiran. 3 daya. tensils s. daya regang. 4 jumlah, persentase (of
alcohol)
4. dare kb. tantangan. –kkt. berani. –daring kb. keberanian, kenekatan. ks.
berani. He’s a d. warrior Ia seorang prajurit pemberani.
5. collar kb. 1 kerah. 2 ban leher (anjing dan kuda). –kkt. 1 Inf.: menahan. 2
menangkap. c. stud kancing leher.
6. nevertheless kk. namun, meskipun begitu/demikian.
7. destroy kkt. memusnahkan, merusakkan, menghancurkan. 2 membinasakan,
membunuh (an animal). to d. o.s. membunuh diri.
8. treachery kb. (j. -ries) penghianatan.
9. eliminate kkt. 1 menghapuskan, melenyapkan (a problem). 2 menyisihkan. 3
membersihkan, mengeluarkan. 4 (kill) menyingkirkan, membunuh.
10. blame kb. kesalahan. –kkt. menyalahkan. –blamed ks. Inf.: jahanam,
terkutuk.
L. REVIEW
(Ulasan Atau Tinjauan)
1. Ciri Umum:
Tocritique an art work, event for a public audience. Such works of art include movies,
TV shows, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts, and ballets
(melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar
khalayak ramai, misalnya acara TV, buku, drama, film, opera, konser, dan lain
sebagainya)

b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structures):
Orientation: menempatkan suatu karya dalam konteks umum dan khusus, seringkali
dengan membandingkannya dengan yang lain.
Interpretativerecount: merangkum plot dan/atau memberikan penjelasan tentang
bagaimana suatu karya ditinjau.
Evaluation: memberikan penilaian atau evaluasi dari suatu karya dan/atau kinerjanya
atau produknya
Evaluative Summation: berupa rangkuman pandangan si peninjau.
Terfokus pada partisipan tertentu; Menggunakan:
adjectives menunjukkan sikap, sepertibad, good;
klausa panjang dan kompleks;
metafor. Generic Structure/Text Organization Orientation: menempatkan suatu karya
dalam konteks umum dan khusus, seringkali dengan membandingkannya dengan yang
lain. Interpretativerecount: merangkum plot dan/atau memberikan penjelasan tentang
bagaimana suatu karya ditinjau Evaluation: memberikan penilaian atau evaluasi dari
suatu karya dan/atau kinerjanya atau produknya Evaluative summation: berupa
rangkuman pandangan si peninjau
2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks
Topic: Harry Potter:
Order of the Phoenix I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will
always hold a special place in my heart. I have to say that of all of the books, however,
this was not my favorite. When the series began it was as much of a “feel good”
experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing,
and ultimately satisfying.
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works…you feel a
whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly
moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel.
The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem
long, as if we’re reading all about Harry “just hanging out” instead of having his usual
adventures.
Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example – housekeeping is
still housekeeping, magical or no, and I’m not very interested in doing it or reading
about other people doing it.
A few other changes in this book – the “real” world comes much more in to play rather
than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken
off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a
teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic.
He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his
best friend’s heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn’t fit with his character,
like he turned into a walking cliché of the “angry teen” overnight.
The “real” story seemed tohappen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I
actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it
made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it
would have been great.
Note: Please find out difficult words/ vocabularies!

M. ANECDOTE
(Cerita Lucu)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (communicative/social purpose):
The communicative purpose of the text is to share with others an account of an unusual
or amusing accident
(menceritakan kejadian/peristiwa lucu berdasarkan khayalan atau peristiwa nyata
yang bertujuan menghibur).
b. Struktur Teks (generic structure):
Abstract: menandai atau menunjukkan penceritaan kembali kejadian yang tidak biasa.
Pengenalan (Orientation): menunjukkan kejadian-kejadian
Krisis (crisis): Menjabarkan secara rinci kejadian yang tidak biasa tersebut.
Tindakan (incident): Reaksi atau tanggapan terhadap krisis
Koda (Coda): Refleksi atau evaluasi dari kejadian tersebut.
Generic Structure/Text Organization:
Abstact Orientation Crisis Reaction Coda
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Feature):
Menggunakan:
seruan/kata seru, pertanyaan retorik dan kata-kata sepertiListen tothis! And do you
know what? It’s awful, isn’t it? dsb.
action verbs, misalnya go, write, dsb.
conjunctions yang berhubungan dengan waktu, sepertithen, afterwards, dsb.
1. Title: “Snake in the Bath”
Abstract How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!
Orientation We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long
that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath
first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.
Crisis Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then
out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery
bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.
Reaction For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my
husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom.
Anna, who was only there at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed
I had to pull her out of the way or she’d probably have leant over the bath to get a
better look!
Coda Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath
water.

Vocabularies:
1. Nasty : buruk
2. Mess : berantakan
3. Plug hole :Lubang penyumbat
4. Slithered : merayap
5. Twisted : membelit
6. Spitting : meludah
7. Hissing :mendesis
8. To pull out: mencabut
1. Title: “TIT FORTAT”
An undergraduate asked a friend to lend him a certain book which
hedesired to consult. The latter, who was not very obliging, answered that he had no
objection to his friend’s using his book, but that he could not permit it to be taken out
of his room.
As it was impossible to make him change his mind, the student was put to
much inconvenience.
A few weeks later, that selfish man came round to his friend, “ You may use my
pocker in my room as much as you like, but I cannot permit you to take it elsewhere.
Answer the following Questions:
1. What phrase expresses that we treat others as they treat us?
2. What did the yong man ask of his friend?
3. Did he mean to return the book again?
4. What did he want it for?
5. Did the owner of the book allow his friend to consult it?
6. What did he object to?
7. Was his friend selfish or kind?
8. What is the difference between borrow and lend?
9. How did the student take revenge?

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