Training in Sports and Doping in Sports
The document discusses sports training principles like continuity, overload, individual differences and specificity. It covers warming up types like physiological, psychological and active warming up. Skill, technique and style are defined. Doping concepts like blood doping, gene doping and prohibited substances like steroids and their side effects are explained. Effects of alcohol and substance abuse on performance are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of psychology and sports, including definitions of key terms, the importance of sports psychology, and characteristics of human growth and development at different life stages. It defines psychology as the study of the mind and sports psychology as dealing with human behavior and motivation in sports. Some key points of sports psychology are analyzing athlete behavior, enhancing skills and performance, and identifying talent. The document also differentiates between growth, defined as increases in size, and development, defined as improvements in functioning. It describes characteristics of physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Finally, it outlines some common adolescent problems like biological changes, aggression, emotions, and drug abuse, and
UNIT - 8 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology and Kinesiology in SportsMahendra Rajak
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, and kinesiology as they relate to physical education and sports. It defines anatomy and physiology, describing anatomy as the study of body structures and physiology as the study of how body systems function. It then covers key topics like the skeletal system, muscles, respiration, circulation, and kinesiology principles. The skeletal system section classifies bones and describes joints. Muscle properties and structure are outlined. Respiration and circulation explain how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work. Kinesiology principles cover concepts like equilibrium, centers of gravity, and their applications to sports.
UNIT - 7 Test, Measurement & Evaluation in SportsMahendra Rajak
This document provides definitions and methods for testing, measuring, and evaluating performance in sports. It defines tests as tools used to evaluate skills, knowledge or abilities, measurement as collecting data about an individual's performance using tests, and evaluation as making judgements by comparing data to criteria. It outlines several common tests and measurements for assessing components of health-related fitness like cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, endurance and flexibility. These include the Harvard step test, Kraus-Weber test, 600m run, and sit-and-reach test. The document also provides methods for measuring body composition, such as calculating BMI and using skin fold measurements.
UNIT - 6 Physical Activity and Leadership TrainingMahendra Rajak
The document discusses various physical activities and adventure sports. It describes leadership training through physical education and the qualities of an effective leader. It outlines several adventure activities like rock climbing, trekking, river rafting, mountaineering, surfing, and para gliding. Safety measures and techniques for each activity are provided. The document aims to educate on leadership development, physical fitness, and adventure sports.
The document provides information about yoga, including its meaning, importance, history, elements, asanas, pranayama, meditation, and benefits. It discusses the definition of yoga as the union of body and consciousness. It outlines the key elements of yoga like yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi. It also summarizes the physiological benefits of asanas and pranayama in preventing and managing lifestyle diseases.
UNIT - 4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSNMahendra Rajak
This document discusses physical education and sports for children with special needs. It outlines the aims and objectives of adaptive physical education, including developing motor skills and teaching the benefits of regular activity. It describes organizations that promote adaptive sports, such as Special Olympics Bharat, Paralympics, and Deaflympics. The document also covers the concept of inclusion in physical education and the various professionals involved in supporting children with special needs, such as counselors, occupational therapists, physical education teachers, speech therapists, physiotherapists, and special educators.
UNIT - 3 Physical Fitness, Wellness and LifestyleMahendra Rajak
Physical fitness, wellness, and lifestyle are important for overall health and well-being. The document discusses the key components of physical fitness including skill related components like strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination. Health related components include cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition. Wellness has six components - physical, nutritional, intellectual, social, emotional and spiritual wellness. Maintaining a positive lifestyle involves healthy diet, physical activity, stress management, socialization, personal hygiene, proper sleep and balance in life.
This document provides information about the Olympic movements, including both the ancient and modern Olympics. It discusses the key symbols of the Olympics like the rings and torch relay. It also outlines the objectives and values of the Olympics like friendship, solidarity and fair play. The document discusses the International Olympic Committee and its role in organizing the Olympic games. It also provides details about the Indian Olympic Association and several national sports awards given by the Government of India like the Dronacharya, Arjuna, and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna awards.
UNIT - 1 changing trends and Carrier in Physical EducationMahendra Rajak
The document discusses trends in physical education and careers in the field. It provides definitions of physical education, outlines the aims and objectives of physical education including physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual development. It then discusses the development of physical education in India post-independence through various committees and organizations established. The document concludes by discussing career options in physical education, competitions at national and international levels, and an overview of India's Khelo India program.
The document discusses various components of sports training including strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities. It defines each component and describes different types. For strength, it outlines isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic exercises and their advantages and disadvantages. For endurance, it discusses continuous training, interval training, fartlek training, and circuit training methods. For speed, it covers pace runs and acceleration runs. For flexibility, it explains active, passive, and static flexibility as well as stretching techniques. Finally, it lists types of coordinative abilities such as reaction, balance, and adaptation.
The document discusses various topics related to sports psychology including personality, motivation, exercise adherence, and aggression. It provides definitions and classifications of personality according to theorists like Sheldon and Jung. It describes the big five theory of personality and traits like openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. It also discusses motivation and the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The document outlines reasons for exercise, benefits of exercise, and strategies to enhance exercise adherence. Finally, it defines aggression in sports and describes different types of aggression.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics and its importance and applications in sports. It discusses key biomechanical concepts like types of movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction), axes, planes, and Newton's laws of motion. It also covers projectile motion and factors affecting trajectory, friction and its advantages/disadvantages, and the major muscles involved in running, jumping, and throwing. The document is intended as a reference for a physical education class on biomechanics and sports.
UNIT - 8 - PHYSIOLOGY AND INJURIES IN SPORTSMahendra Rajak
This document discusses physiology and injuries in sports. It covers key topics like the physiological factors that determine components of physical fitness, the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and muscular systems, physiological changes due to aging, and classifications of sports injuries along with causes, prevention and treatment. It also discusses gender differences in physical physiological parameters and first aid, including its aims and objectives.
The document provides information on various physical fitness tests for different age groups. It describes tests for measuring motor fitness, general motor ability, cardiovascular fitness, and flexibility in youth as well as tests for senior citizens. The motor fitness tests for youth include 50m run, 600m run/walk, sit and reach, partial curl ups, pushups, broad jump, and shuttle run. Tests for general motor ability include standing broad jump, zigzag run, and medicine ball put. The Harvard step test and Rockport walking test measure cardiovascular fitness. Tests outlined for senior citizens focus on functional fitness and include chair stands, arm curls, sit and reach, back scratch, 8-foot up and go, and 6-minute walk.
This document discusses women's participation in sports in India and the factors that influence it. It notes that women's participation in sports is currently very low due to gender inequality and socio-psychological issues. Several physical, psychological, and sociological factors are responsible for less participation by women, including lack of fitness, confidence, and safety concerns. The document recommends steps like motivation, family support, infrastructure development, and ensuring safety to improve women's sports participation. It also discusses issues like the female athlete triad, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, eating disorders, and menstrual dysfunctions that can affect women athletes.
This document discusses correct posture and common postural deformities. It defines good posture as the position that allows the body to function effectively with minimal fatigue. Correct standing posture involves keeping the skeleton erect with the center of gravity in line. Correct sitting posture maintains the natural spinal curve without stress. Bad posture can be caused by various factors and leads to issues like back pain and breathing difficulties. Common postural deformities discussed include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, flat foot, knock knees, and bow legs. Physical activities are recommended as corrective measures for postural issues.
This document provides information about motor development in children and guidelines for physical exercise at different stages of growth. It discusses the stages of motor development from infancy to adolescence. Gross and fine motor development are described. Factors that influence motor development include heredity, environment, nutrition, opportunities, and disabilities. Guidelines for exercise are provided for each stage from infancy through adulthood. Benefits of physical exercise for children include building muscles, boosting energy, and improving coordination. Weight training can build strength but requires supervision to prevent injury.
UNIT - 4 - PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS FOR CWSNMahendra Rajak
This document discusses physical education and sports for children with special needs. It begins by outlining key concepts around disability, disorders, and etiquette when interacting with those who have special needs. It then describes different types of disabilities like cognitive, intellectual, and physical disabilities. It also covers common disorders like ADHD, SPD, ASD, OCD, and ODD. The document discusses causes of disabilities and the nature of various disabilities and disorders. It highlights the advantages of physical activity for children with special needs and provides strategies to make physical activities more accessible, such as inclusive classrooms, assistive technology, adaptive physical education, and a supportive environment.
Training in Sports and Doping in Sports
The document discusses sports training principles like continuity, overload, individual differences and specificity. It covers warming up types like physiological, psychological and active warming up. Skill, technique and style are defined. Doping concepts like blood doping, gene doping and prohibited substances like steroids and their side effects are explained. Effects of alcohol and substance abuse on performance are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of psychology and sports, including definitions of key terms, the importance of sports psychology, and characteristics of human growth and development at different life stages. It defines psychology as the study of the mind and sports psychology as dealing with human behavior and motivation in sports. Some key points of sports psychology are analyzing athlete behavior, enhancing skills and performance, and identifying talent. The document also differentiates between growth, defined as increases in size, and development, defined as improvements in functioning. It describes characteristics of physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Finally, it outlines some common adolescent problems like biological changes, aggression, emotions, and drug abuse, and
UNIT - 8 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology and Kinesiology in SportsMahendra Rajak
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, and kinesiology as they relate to physical education and sports. It defines anatomy and physiology, describing anatomy as the study of body structures and physiology as the study of how body systems function. It then covers key topics like the skeletal system, muscles, respiration, circulation, and kinesiology principles. The skeletal system section classifies bones and describes joints. Muscle properties and structure are outlined. Respiration and circulation explain how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work. Kinesiology principles cover concepts like equilibrium, centers of gravity, and their applications to sports.
UNIT - 7 Test, Measurement & Evaluation in SportsMahendra Rajak
This document provides definitions and methods for testing, measuring, and evaluating performance in sports. It defines tests as tools used to evaluate skills, knowledge or abilities, measurement as collecting data about an individual's performance using tests, and evaluation as making judgements by comparing data to criteria. It outlines several common tests and measurements for assessing components of health-related fitness like cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, endurance and flexibility. These include the Harvard step test, Kraus-Weber test, 600m run, and sit-and-reach test. The document also provides methods for measuring body composition, such as calculating BMI and using skin fold measurements.
UNIT - 6 Physical Activity and Leadership TrainingMahendra Rajak
The document discusses various physical activities and adventure sports. It describes leadership training through physical education and the qualities of an effective leader. It outlines several adventure activities like rock climbing, trekking, river rafting, mountaineering, surfing, and para gliding. Safety measures and techniques for each activity are provided. The document aims to educate on leadership development, physical fitness, and adventure sports.
The document provides information about yoga, including its meaning, importance, history, elements, asanas, pranayama, meditation, and benefits. It discusses the definition of yoga as the union of body and consciousness. It outlines the key elements of yoga like yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi. It also summarizes the physiological benefits of asanas and pranayama in preventing and managing lifestyle diseases.
UNIT - 4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSNMahendra Rajak
This document discusses physical education and sports for children with special needs. It outlines the aims and objectives of adaptive physical education, including developing motor skills and teaching the benefits of regular activity. It describes organizations that promote adaptive sports, such as Special Olympics Bharat, Paralympics, and Deaflympics. The document also covers the concept of inclusion in physical education and the various professionals involved in supporting children with special needs, such as counselors, occupational therapists, physical education teachers, speech therapists, physiotherapists, and special educators.
UNIT - 3 Physical Fitness, Wellness and LifestyleMahendra Rajak
Physical fitness, wellness, and lifestyle are important for overall health and well-being. The document discusses the key components of physical fitness including skill related components like strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination. Health related components include cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition. Wellness has six components - physical, nutritional, intellectual, social, emotional and spiritual wellness. Maintaining a positive lifestyle involves healthy diet, physical activity, stress management, socialization, personal hygiene, proper sleep and balance in life.
This document provides information about the Olympic movements, including both the ancient and modern Olympics. It discusses the key symbols of the Olympics like the rings and torch relay. It also outlines the objectives and values of the Olympics like friendship, solidarity and fair play. The document discusses the International Olympic Committee and its role in organizing the Olympic games. It also provides details about the Indian Olympic Association and several national sports awards given by the Government of India like the Dronacharya, Arjuna, and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna awards.
UNIT - 1 changing trends and Carrier in Physical EducationMahendra Rajak
The document discusses trends in physical education and careers in the field. It provides definitions of physical education, outlines the aims and objectives of physical education including physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual development. It then discusses the development of physical education in India post-independence through various committees and organizations established. The document concludes by discussing career options in physical education, competitions at national and international levels, and an overview of India's Khelo India program.
The document discusses various components of sports training including strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities. It defines each component and describes different types. For strength, it outlines isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic exercises and their advantages and disadvantages. For endurance, it discusses continuous training, interval training, fartlek training, and circuit training methods. For speed, it covers pace runs and acceleration runs. For flexibility, it explains active, passive, and static flexibility as well as stretching techniques. Finally, it lists types of coordinative abilities such as reaction, balance, and adaptation.
The document discusses various topics related to sports psychology including personality, motivation, exercise adherence, and aggression. It provides definitions and classifications of personality according to theorists like Sheldon and Jung. It describes the big five theory of personality and traits like openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. It also discusses motivation and the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The document outlines reasons for exercise, benefits of exercise, and strategies to enhance exercise adherence. Finally, it defines aggression in sports and describes different types of aggression.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics and its importance and applications in sports. It discusses key biomechanical concepts like types of movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction), axes, planes, and Newton's laws of motion. It also covers projectile motion and factors affecting trajectory, friction and its advantages/disadvantages, and the major muscles involved in running, jumping, and throwing. The document is intended as a reference for a physical education class on biomechanics and sports.
UNIT - 8 - PHYSIOLOGY AND INJURIES IN SPORTSMahendra Rajak
This document discusses physiology and injuries in sports. It covers key topics like the physiological factors that determine components of physical fitness, the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and muscular systems, physiological changes due to aging, and classifications of sports injuries along with causes, prevention and treatment. It also discusses gender differences in physical physiological parameters and first aid, including its aims and objectives.
The document provides information on various physical fitness tests for different age groups. It describes tests for measuring motor fitness, general motor ability, cardiovascular fitness, and flexibility in youth as well as tests for senior citizens. The motor fitness tests for youth include 50m run, 600m run/walk, sit and reach, partial curl ups, pushups, broad jump, and shuttle run. Tests for general motor ability include standing broad jump, zigzag run, and medicine ball put. The Harvard step test and Rockport walking test measure cardiovascular fitness. Tests outlined for senior citizens focus on functional fitness and include chair stands, arm curls, sit and reach, back scratch, 8-foot up and go, and 6-minute walk.
This document discusses women's participation in sports in India and the factors that influence it. It notes that women's participation in sports is currently very low due to gender inequality and socio-psychological issues. Several physical, psychological, and sociological factors are responsible for less participation by women, including lack of fitness, confidence, and safety concerns. The document recommends steps like motivation, family support, infrastructure development, and ensuring safety to improve women's sports participation. It also discusses issues like the female athlete triad, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, eating disorders, and menstrual dysfunctions that can affect women athletes.
This document discusses correct posture and common postural deformities. It defines good posture as the position that allows the body to function effectively with minimal fatigue. Correct standing posture involves keeping the skeleton erect with the center of gravity in line. Correct sitting posture maintains the natural spinal curve without stress. Bad posture can be caused by various factors and leads to issues like back pain and breathing difficulties. Common postural deformities discussed include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, flat foot, knock knees, and bow legs. Physical activities are recommended as corrective measures for postural issues.
This document provides information about motor development in children and guidelines for physical exercise at different stages of growth. It discusses the stages of motor development from infancy to adolescence. Gross and fine motor development are described. Factors that influence motor development include heredity, environment, nutrition, opportunities, and disabilities. Guidelines for exercise are provided for each stage from infancy through adulthood. Benefits of physical exercise for children include building muscles, boosting energy, and improving coordination. Weight training can build strength but requires supervision to prevent injury.
UNIT - 4 - PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS FOR CWSNMahendra Rajak
This document discusses physical education and sports for children with special needs. It begins by outlining key concepts around disability, disorders, and etiquette when interacting with those who have special needs. It then describes different types of disabilities like cognitive, intellectual, and physical disabilities. It also covers common disorders like ADHD, SPD, ASD, OCD, and ODD. The document discusses causes of disabilities and the nature of various disabilities and disorders. It highlights the advantages of physical activity for children with special needs and provides strategies to make physical activities more accessible, such as inclusive classrooms, assistive technology, adaptive physical education, and a supportive environment.
3. CONTENT
Zygote
Meaning And Definition of Heredity
Laws or principal of Heredity
Influence of heredity child
Meaning Definition of environment
Influence of environment on child
Relation of Heredity and environment
Difference between Heredity and Environment
Factors affecting growth and development
Calculation of age of Human Body
3
4. Zygote
मानव जीवन का आरंभ सेल से होता है जजसे Zygote कहते हैं
Zygote का ननमााण दो Germ cell क
े संयोग से होता है
पुरुष - वीया (Sperm)
स्त्री - अंड (Ovam)
Zygote में शारीररक, मानससक, संवेगात्मक, समाजजक गुण ववद्यमान होता है
माता और वपता में 23 - 23 वंश सूर (Cromosome) होते हैं क
ु ल 46 वंश सूर
होते हैं
पुरुष - (X - Y)
स्त्री - (X - X)
वंश एवं परंपरा का मुख्य वाहक Genes होता है
4
5. Zygote
Human life begins with a cell called Zygote.
Zygote is formed by the combination of two germ cells.
Male - Sperm
Female - Ovam
Zygote has physical, mental, emotional, social qualities
Mother and father have 23 - 23 clan sutras.
Male - (X - Y)
Female - (X - X)
Genes are the main bearers of dynasty and tradition.
5
6. वंशानुक्रम का अर्थ (Meaning of Heredity)
जैसा कक देखा गया है बालक को अपने माता वपता द्वारा बहुत से गुण समलते है,
माता वपता जैसे होते है उनक
े बच्चे भी वैसे होते है
वही दूसरी ओर यह भी देखा गया है कक बच्चे माता – वपता से अलग होते है
उदाहरण:
बुद्धि स्तर पर असमान,
रंग रूप में असमान
शारीररक रचना में अन्तर ।
6
7. Meaning of Heredity
As seen, a child gets many qualities by his parents, his children
are like parents.
On the other hand, it has also been observed that children are
separated from parents.
Examples:
Unequal on intelligence level,
Uneven in color
Difference in anatomy
7
8. पररभाषा – आनुवंशशता
DEFINITION OF HEREDITY
रुथ बेनडिक्ट ( Ruth Benedic ) ‘ आनुवंसशकता माता – वपता से बच्चों में ववसशष्ट
गुणों का संक्रमण है।”
िालस एवं हालैण्ि ( Duglash & Halland ) क
े शब्दों में “ एक बालक की
आनुवंसशकता में उन सभी शारीररक संरचनाओं, ववशेषताओं, कक्रयाओं एवं क्षमताओं का
योग ननहहत रहता है जजनको वह अपने माता – वपता व अन्य पूवाजों या प्रजानत से प्राप्त
करता है। “
हमारे शरीर की संरचना तथा उसकी नैसर्गाक प्रकक्रया प्रवृनतयां हमारे हेरेडडटी का पररणाम
है
8
9. DEFINITION OF HEREDITY
Ruth Benedic "Heredity is the transition of specific traits from parents
to children.“
In the words of Duglash & Halland, "The heredity of a child consists of
the sum of all the bodily structures, characteristics, actions and
abilities that he inherits from his parents and other ancestors or
species." “
Our body structure and its natural process trends are the result of our
heredity
9
10. वंशानुक्रम क
े ननयम
(Laws or principal of Heredity)
बबजकोष की ननरंतरता का ननयम (Law of continuity of germ plasm)
समानता का ननयम (Law of resemblance)
ववसभन्नता का ननयम (Law of variation)
प्रत्यागमन का ननयम (Law of regression)
अजजात गुणों क
े संक्रमण का ननयम (Law of transmission of acquired traits)
मेंडल का ननयम (Mendel’s law)
10
11. बालक पर वंशानुक्रम का प्रभाव
(influence of heredity child)
मूल शक्क्तयों पर प्रभाव Effect on core powers
शारीररक लक्षणों पर प्रभाव Effect on physical symptoms
प्रजानत की श्रेष्ठता पर प्रभाव Effect on species superiority
सामाक्जक क्स्थनत पर प्रभाव Impact on social status
चररत्र का प्रभाव – Character Influence -
महानता का प्राभव – Potential of greatness -
वृद्धि का प्रभाव – Increase Effect -
11
12. वातावरण का अथथ
(Meaning of environment)
वातावरण क
े सलए पयाावरण शब्द का भी प्रयोग ककया जाता है।
पयाावरण दो शब्दों से समलकर बना परर + आवरण परर का अथा है
चारों ओर से ,आवरण का अथा ढका हुआ।
इस प्रकार हम पयाावरण को यह कर सकते हैं कक जो वस्त्तु हमें चारों
ओर से घेरे हुए है उसे हम वातावरण या पयाावरण कहते हैं।
12
13. Meaning of environment
The term environment is also used for environment.
The environment is a combination of two words Peri + cover Peri
means covering from all around, covering.
In this way, we can make the environment that the object that
surrounds us is called environment or environment.
13
14. वातावरण की पररभाषाएं
(Definition of environment)
वुिविथ
“वातावरण में वे सब बाह्य तत्व आ जाते हैं।जजन्होंने व्यजतत को जीवन आरंभ
करने क
े समय से प्रभाववत ककया है।”
रॉस
“वातावरण वह बाहरी शजतत है जो हमें प्रभाववत करती है”
क्जस्बटथ
“वातावरण वह हर वस्त्तु है जो ककसी अन्य वस्त्तु को घेरे हुए और उस पर सीधे
अपना प्रभाव डालती है”
14
15. Definition of environment
Woodward
"All those external elements come into the atmosphere, which have
influenced the person from the time of starting life."
Ross
"The atmosphere is the external force that affects us"
Gisbert
"The environment is everything that surrounds and directly impacts
another object"
15
16. बालक पर वातावरण का प्रभाव
(Influence of environment on child)
शारीररक अंतर पर प्रभाव Effect on physical difference
बुद्र्ध का प्रभाव Intelligence effect
व्यजततत्व का प्रभाव Personality effects
मानससक ववकास का प्रभाव Mental development effect
16
17. वंशानुक्रम व वातावरण का संबंि
(Relation of Heredity and environment)
वंशानुक्रम तथा वातावरण एक दूसरे से पृथक नहीं है। यह एक दूसरे क
े पूरक माने
जाते हैं।जजस प्रकार से बीज और खेत का संबंध है।उसी प्रकार से वातावरण और
वंशानुक्रम का भी संबंध है।
लैंडिस ने इससलए कहा है कक “वंश क्रम हमें ववकससत होने की क्षमता प्रदान
करता है इन क्षमताओं क
े ववकससत होने क
े अवसर हमें वातावरण से समलते
हैं।वंश क्रम हमें कायाशील पूंजी देता है।और पररजस्त्थनत हमें इसको ननवेश करने
क
े अवसर प्रदान करती है।
वुिवथथ तथा मारेक्क्वस ने कहा है “कक व्यजतत वंश क्रम तथा वातावरण का योग
नहीं गुणनफल है।”
17
18. Relation of Heredity and environment
Inheritance and environment are not separate from each other. They are
considered to be complementary to each other, as is the relation of seed and
field. Similarly, environment and inheritance are also related.
Landis has therefore stated that "lineage gives us the ability to grow. We have
opportunities to develop these capabilities. The lineage gives us working capital.
And the situation gives us opportunities to invest in it."
Woodworth and Marequis have stated that "a person is a product not a sum of
lineage and environment."
18
19. वंशानुक्रम एवं वातावरण में अंतर
Difference between Heredity and Environment
वंशानुक्रम जन्मजात या प्रकृ नत
दत्त प्रभाव है
वंशानुक्रम को Nature भी कहा
जाता है
वंशानुक्रम बायो लॉजजकल प्रकक्रया
है
यह जेनेहटतस क
े ससद्धांतों पर
आधाररत है
वंशानुक्रम जन्मजात व्यजततक
गुणों का योग फल है
वातावरण प्रभाववत करने वाले बाह्य
कारक हैं
वातावरण को Nurture कहा जाता है
वातावरण मानव ववकास एवं उसक
े
सामाजजक संबंधों को प्रभाववत करता
है
वातावरण आंतररक एवं बाह्य
वातावरण होता है
वातावरण का प्रभाव जीवन क
े प्रारंभ
से होता है
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20. Difference between Heredity and Environment
Inheritance is congenital or
Prakriti Dutt effect
Inheritance is also called
Nature
Inheritance is a bio logical
process.
It is based on the principles of
genetics
Inheritance is the sum of innate
personal qualities.
External factors affecting the
environment are
The atmosphere is called Nurture
Environment affects human
development and its social
relations
Environment is internal and
external environment
Environment affects life
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21. वृद्धि एवं ववकास को प्रभाववत करने वाले तत्व
Factors affecting growth and development
शारीररक सशक्षा का पाठ्यक्रम Physical education curriculum
मेंटल लननिंग Mental learning
अनुवांसशक एवं वातावरण Genetic and environment
सलंग Gender
संस्त्कृ नत culture
भोजन food
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22. मनुष्य की आयु की गणना
Calculation of age of Human Body
Chronological age
वषों में, महीनों में, हदनों में
Anatomical age
बोन क
े द्वारा, दांतो क
े द्वारा, स्त्क
ै पुला की जस्त्थनत
Physiological age
दैहहक आयु, दैहहक क्षमता, योग्यता प्यूबबक हेयर, मेंसुरेशन पीररयड
Mental age
मानससक गुणों क
े ववकास एवं पररपतवता
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