Synchrony Through Gaze_Breaking Barriers
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Dr Victoria Leong, University of Cambridge and Nanyang Technological University, speaks about the social dynamics of adult-infant neural synchrony
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Brain Plasticity.
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Synchrony Through Gaze_Breaking Barriers
- 1. Synchrony through gaze : Mapping the neural social network of infants Dr Victoria Leong Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 1
- 2. 2 • Synchrony creates social connectedness (see Marsh et al, 2009 for review) • Infants are more helpful to synchronous strangers (Cirelli et al, 2014) Synchrony : An affiliative mechanism
- 3. 3 • Parents and infants synchronise on multiple levels – Gaze – Behaviour – Emotions – Physiology (heartrate, arousal) (Kaye & Fogel, 1980; Cohn & Tronick, 1988; Feldman et al, 2011; Waters et al, 2014) Do brains also synchronise? (YES) How and for what purpose? Parent-child synchrony Behaviour states = Protest, disengage, attend, play
- 4. Research Areas Neuro-Social Mechanisms of Learning Adult-Infant Neural Synchronicity • Eye contact • Joint attention • Name use SYNCHRONY CUES • Learning • Communication • Interpersonal trust SUPPORT FOR
- 5. 5 • From birth, infants prefer Direct gaze (Farroni et al, 2002) • Gaze supports infant communication (Bloom, 1975) • Gaze-following ability predicts language learning (Brooks & Meltzoff, 2008) Gaze : An early communication signal Vocalisations /min (smile/touch) Does gaze act as a “synchronising cue” for interacting brains?
- 6. 6 Gaze and adult-infant neural synchrony • Adult-infant dyads (9 months old) • General Partial Directed Coherence (GPDC) – Directed measure of (Granger)-causality • Theta and Alpha bands only (no speech artifacts) • Significance thresholding with surrogate shuffled data (N=17) (N=19)
- 7. 7 Predictions • E1 : Uni-directional influences A I E2 : Bi-directional influences A I & I A • Direct = Direct-Oblique >> Indirect gaze • More vocalisations with Direct gaze Direct Indirect Direct-Oblique
- 8. 8 Expt 1 (vid) : Neurosocial network ✓
- 9. 9 Expt 2 (live) : Neurosocial network ✓ ✓
- 10. • Gaze triggers phase-resetting so that adults’ and infants’ oscillation patterns align ( sync) • In this aligned state, information is optimally transmitted from speaker to listener (i.e. Adult is ready to speak when Infant is ready to listen) 10 What’s going on? Are infants really more receptive during Direct gaze? Indirect Direct
- 11. 11 Infants’ internal networks during gaze Direct Indirect Direct-Oblique Direct Indirect Direct-Oblique Theta Alpha THETA
- 12. Expt 1 (Vid) Expt 2 (Live) *p<.05 12 Infants’ vocalisations Direct Indirect Direct-Oblique
- 13. • Infants who make a greater effort to communicate (vocalise longer) influence the adult more – Caveat : this only works if the adult is looking and live.. • Infants help to maintain dyadic synchronicity! 13 Infants’ vocalisations
- 14. 14 Do other auditory signals work too? “Tom” * * * p<.05
- 15. 15 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Time (s) Amplitude • Infants can connect to and help maintain neural social networks with adults • Social signals like gaze and name- calling are neural “synchronising cues” • A high-synchrony, joint-networked state may support communication and learning Sync with me! Conclusions : Synchrony through gaze
- 16. Dr Sam Wass (UEL) Co-investigator 16 Dr Kaili Clackson Post-doc Tardis tamer & Baby charmer Stani Georgieva EEG specialist Brainwave guru Thanks to the research team… Elizabeth Byrne (MRC-CBU) Experimental material Most consistent singing • Our kind volunteers who assisted with hours of video coding and baby distraction • Our brave mums and babies • Friends and family for supporting and believing in us!
- 17. Thanks for support from ESRC UK Nanyang Technological University Rosetrees Trust Isaac Newton Trust British Academy Leverhulme Trust Keep up with us at: • @Baby_LINC • @DrVLeong • http://www.baby-linc.psychol.cam.ac.uk/ Bye bye!