Symfony Performance

SYMFONY
PERFORMANCE
Paul Thrasher
@thrashr888 | github.com/thrashr888
Sr. Software Engineer at Dogster

SF Symfony Meetup October
#sfsymfony

WHY WORRY ABOUT
PERFORMANCE?
yo u
an d
V
• Google cares about user happiness, Google owns your
search trafﬁc

...so Google put page speed in PageRank (and crawl speed)

• Your site is more trustworthy and less frustrating

• Increase page views and ad impressions

• Increase conversions and revenue! It pays for itself!

• Bonus: run less app servers

DOGSTER, INC.

• Started in 2004

• Catster.com is the same codebase

• ~2MM monthly uniques

• ~12MM monthly page views

• Over 1 million dogs and cats on our sites

• Production servers: 5 app, 3 master DBs, 8 slave DBs

• Spent the summer redesigning and working on performance

Backend Performance

Benchmark, PHP, Database, Caching

Symfony 1.4.X Performance

You and your team, Caching

Frontend Performance

Benchmark, HTML, JS, CSS, Images, CDN

Questions at End

BACKEND - OPPORTUNITIES

Benchmark before you do anything!

• The servers

• PHP

• Apache

• Database

• Your crappy code

• Caching

Use siege or ab (Apache Benchmark)
http://www.joedog.org/index/siege-home
thrashr888@Pauls-MacBook-Pro-2 workspace$ siege http://www.dogster.com
** SIEGE 2.69
** Preparing 50 concurrent users for battle.
The server is now under siege...
12: HTTP/1.1 200 0.65 secs: 11063 bytes ==> /
5: HTTP/1.1 200 0.68 secs: 11062 bytes ==> /
39: HTTP/1.1 200 0.70 secs: 11062 bytes ==> /
28: HTTP/1.1 200 0.73 secs: 11031 bytes ==> /
2: HTTP/1.1 200 0.74 secs: 11061 bytes ==> /
31: HTTP/1.1 200 0.48 secs: 11032 bytes ==> /
22: HTTP/1.1 200 0.48 secs: 11063 bytes ==> /
2: HTTP/1.1 200 0.46 secs: 11062 bytes ==> /
6: HTTP/1.1 200 0.46 secs: 11031 bytes ==> /
5: HTTP/1.1 200 0.47 secs: 11063 bytes ==> /
^C
Lifting the server siege... done.
Transactions: 224 hits
Availability: 100.00 %
Elapsed time: 5.11 secs
Data transferred: 2.36 MB
Response time: 0.55 secs
Transaction rate: 43.84 trans/sec
Throughput: 0.46 MB/sec
Concurrency: 24.24
Successful transactions: 224
Failed transactions: 0
Longest transaction: 1.58
Shortest transaction: 0.32

BACKEND - PHP 5.3
Migrate to PHP 5.3 http://github.com/smalyshev/migrate/
thrashr888@MacBook workspace$ php migrate.php SymSters
WARNING: Function 'spliti' is deprecated, please use 'preg_split' instead in file SymSters/lib/vendor/symfony/lib/
plugins/sfDoctrinePlugin/lib/vendor/doctrine/Doctrine/Connection/Mssql.php line 173
WARNING: Function 'spliti' is deprecated, please use 'preg_split' instead in file SymSters/lib/vendor/symfony/lib/
plugins/sfDoctrinePlugin/lib/vendor/doctrine/Doctrine/Connection/Mssql.php line 192
WARNING: Function 'ereg' is deprecated, please use 'preg_match' instead in file SymSters/lib/vendor/symfony/lib/
plugins/sfPropelPlugin/lib/vendor/phing/lib/Zip.php line 1852
WARNING: Function 'ereg' is deprecated, please use 'preg_match' instead in file SymSters/lib/vendor/symfony/lib/
plugins/sfPropelPlugin/lib/vendor/phing/lib/Zip.php line 2735
WARNING: Function 'split' is deprecated, please use 'explode' or 'preg_split' instead in file SymSters/lib/vendor/
symfony/lib/plugins/sfPropelPlugin/lib/vendor/phing/tasks/ext/coverage/CoverageReportTask.php line 168
WARNING: Function 'set_magic_quotes_runtime' is deprecated, its use is no longer recommended in file SymSters/lib/
vendor/symfony/lib/vendor/swiftmailer/classes/Swift/ByteStream/FileByteStream.php line 82
vendor/symfony/lib/vendor/swiftmailer/classes/Swift/ByteStream/FileByteStream.php line 87
vendor/symfony/lib/vendor/swiftmailer/classes/Swift/KeyCache/DiskKeyCache.php line 174
WARNING: Function 'ereg' is deprecated, please use 'preg_match' instead in file SymSters/plugins/sfPropel15Plugin/
lib/vendor/phing/lib/Zip.php line 1852
WARNING: Function 'ereg' is deprecated, please use 'preg_match' instead in file SymSters/plugins/sfPropel15Plugin/
lib/vendor/phing/lib/Zip.php line 2735

BACKEND - MYSQL SLOW QUERY LOG
Count : 55 (5.46%)
Time : 204.477485 s total, 3.717772 s avg, 1.007915 s to 20.940426 s max (9.81%)
95% of Time : 160.326234 s total, 3.083197 s avg, 1.007915 s to 9.951604 s max
Lock Time (s) : 2.507 ms total, 46 avg, 34 to 65 max (1.86%)
95% of Lock : 2.318 ms total, 45 avg, 34 to 61 max
Rows sent : 3 avg, 3 to 3 max (0.00%)
Rows examined : 14.69k avg, 311 to 112.50k max (0.12%)
Database : starster
EXPLAIN : 14369 produced, 2278976448465661 read
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: p
type: ref
possible_keys: pub_index,user_id_idx,NI_PET_CODE
key: user_id_idx
key_len: 3
ref: const
rows: 1732
Extra: Using where; Using filesort

Query abstract:
SET timestamp=N; SELECT p.post_id, p.body, p.pet_id, p.thread_id, p.main_topic_id FROM forums_post_new p
WHERE p.pub_status != 'S' AND p.user_id = 'S' AND p.pet_code = 'S' ORDER BY p.post_id DESC LIMIT N;

Query sample:
SET timestamp=1286803854;
SELECT p.post_id, p.body, p.pet_id, p.thread_id, p.main_topic_id FROM forums_post_new p WHERE p.pub_status !=
'n' AND p.user_id = '243549' AND p.pet_code = 'd' ORDER BY p.post_id DESC LIMIT 3;

BACKEND - OTHER METHODS

• Setup timers, refactor and cache slow code

• Memcache, APC cache, etc.

• Add app and DB servers

• Use Twig for layouts, it uses ﬁle-based caching

Don’t get too caught up here
unless there are major issues.

The big secret to better
performance with Symfony is…

…you’re already doing it.
(Symfony improves team performance!)

Symfony already does a few other things for you:

• caches settings and config

• keeps junk off production servers

• provides caching framework to make your caching easier

• Core Compilation (turns 30 files into 1 file)

• BUT Symfony is for apps, not speedy scripts

• Symfony performance mostly means caching…

SYMFONY - PROJECT:OPTIMIZE
thrashr888@MacBook workspace$ php symfony project:optimize api prod
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfRoute "sf_guard_signin" (/login)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfRoute "sf_guard_signout" (/logout)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfRoute "sf_guard_password" (/request_password)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user" (/sf_guard_user.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_new" (/sf_guard_user/new.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_create" (/sf_guard_user.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_edit" (/sf_guard_user/:id/edit.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_update" (/sf_guard_user/:id.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_delete" (/sf_guard_user/:id.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_show" (/sf_guard_user/:id.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_object" (/sf_guard_user/:id/:action.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_collection" (/sf_guard_user/:action/action.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfRoute "sf_guard_signin" (/login)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfRoute "sf_guard_signout" (/logout)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfRoute "sf_guard_password" (/request_password)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user" (/sf_guard_user.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_new" (/sf_guard_user/new.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_create" (/sf_guard_user.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_edit" (/sf_guard_user/:id/edit.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_update" (/sf_guard_user/:id.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_delete" (/sf_guard_user/:id.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_show" (/sf_guard_user/:id.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_object" (/sf_guard_user/:id/:action.:sf_format)
>> sfPatternRouting Connect sfPropelRoute "sf_guard_user_collection" (/sf_guard_user/:action/action.:sf_format)
>> dir+ /Users/thrashr888/workspace/SymSters/cache/api/prod/config
>> file+ /Users/thrashr888/workspace/SymSters/cache/api/prod/config/configuration.php

SYMFONY - VIEW CACHE

# apps/frontend/config/settings.yml
prod:
.settings:
cache: true

# apps/frontend/config/cache.yml
default:
enabled: false
with_layout: false
lifetime: 86400

# apps/frontend/modules/homepage/config/cache.yml
index:
enabled: true
all:
with_layout: true

http://www.symfony-project.org/jobeet/1_4/Doctrine/en/21

SYMFONY - ACTION CACHE

Just cache the action, not the views:
all:
with_layout: false


SYMFONY - PARTIAL CACHE

Just give it the name of the partial ﬁle:
index:
enabled: true

_sidebar:
enabled: true

all:
with_layout: true


SYMFONY - FUNCTION CACHE

You can cache many function calls:
<?php

$dog = new Dog();

$cache = new sfMemcacheCache();
$func = new sfFunctionCache($cache);

$func->call(array($dog, 'getFriends'), array('25'));

SYMFONY - TEMPLATE CACHE

Cache expensive bits of your template:
<?php if (!cache('name')): ?>

<div id="dogs">
<?php foreach($dogs as $dog): ?>
<div id="<?php echo $dog->id ?>" class="dog"><?php
echo $dog->name ?></div>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</div>

<?php cache_save() ?>
<?php endif; ?>

Stop worrying so much about
speeding up your backend because…

DOGSTER.COM
Uncached page load

URL domain timeline
status size

DOGSTER.COM

Not so good
{

FRONTEND - HOW DO WE FIX THIS?

Less HTML, JS, CSS Faster JS

Less images Faster CSS

Less photoshop Faster images
(more HTML)

FRONTEND - LESS IS MORE
Less HTML, JS, CSS

• Remove code you’re not using

• Concat ﬁles together for lower HTTP requests

Less images

• Make design decisions to remove images

• Use sprites for less HTTP requests

Less Photoshop, more HTML

• Don’t go crazy with Photoshop when you’re designing

FRONTEND - FASTER DOWNLOADS

Faster JavaScript

• Be careful about where and how you place your JS

Faster CSS

• Minify and gzip your ﬁles

Faster images

• Compress your images before uploading

GUEST SPEAKER
YUKO TAKAHASHI
DESIGNER AT DOGSTER

FRONT END
CSS SPRITES :: IMAGE OPTIMIZATION :: CSS3

actual image: 1271 pixels x 1230 pixels
via: http://kenmat.tumblr.com/post/121458457/buildingssheet7dv-png

WHAT IS A CSS SPRITE?

•Asingle image that
contains a series of smaller
images

CSS SPRITE - BUTTON EXAMPLES

digicliff

webair

THE CSS IS EASY AS PIE

• CSScalls and positions the sprite with
background-image and background-position properties

.image {
background-image:
url(http://www.website.com/images/sprite-image.png);
background-position: 0px 100px;
width: 100px;
height: 50px;
}

• See? Easy as pie!

WHY USE CSS SPRITES?

• Reduce the number of HTTP Requests to server

• Improves load time of your website

• Faster
load time on your pages means better search engine
page ranking

EXAMPLE

• Dogster global elements used 32 images that were
“sprite-able”. We tiled all 32 images onto one image

• Combined 32 images = 170 KB
Single sprite image = 70 KB

HOW TO CREATE CSS SPRITES

• Option 1: Create them manually

• Option 2: Use a Sprite generator

• SpriteMe – http://spriteme.org/

• Project Fondue CSS Sprite generator -
http://spritegen.website-performance.org/

• SmartSprites - http://csssprites.org/

IMAGE OPTIMIZATION

Using image compression tools to make sure your ﬁles are as
small as they can be

• OptiPNG - http://optipng.sourceforge.net/

• Image Optimizer - http://www.imageoptimizer.net/Pages/Home.aspx

• PNG Crusher - http://www.amake.us/software/pngcrusher/

IMAGE OPTIMIZATION (CONT’D.)

Avoid using text images, i.e., images that just contain text.
Try to use a font service instead:

• Typekit - http://typekit.com/

• Font-Squirrel (free!) - http://www.fontsquirrel.com/

• FontFont - http://www.fontfont.com/

• Google Fonts - http://code.google.com/webfonts

POWER OF CSS3

Use cool CSS3 style effects - enables you to style WITHOUT
images

• Rounded corners, drop shadows, gradients

#findAVetMain {
-moz-border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;
-moz-box-shadow:0 0 8px #666666;
background-color:#FFFFFF;
border:1px solid #999999;
height:180px;
margin:10px 0 20px;
}

LESS PHOTOSHOP, MORE HTML

When designing mockups for your site, think of how it will get
built with html and css

• E.g. Does your nav bar really need an image for each item?
style it with css using a UL

• Think of how you can build each element without an image

• Build
it with clean HTML - don’t stick everything in a div.
Use your H1s, your Ps, ULs, etc...and it will perform better

CSS SPRITE RESOURCES

• http://www.alistapart.com/articles/sprites/

• http://css-tricks.com/holy-sprites/

• http://css-tricks.com/css-sprites/

• http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/04/27/the-mystery-
of-css-sprites-techniques-tools-and-tutorials/

FRONTEND - IMPLEMENTATIONS

LABjs

• Download your JS ﬁles in parallel

CDN: Amazon S3 and CloudFront

• Give your assets a proper home

Quarantine Your Ads

• They can be a pain, put them in a box

FRONTEND - LABJS
Use LABjs to download your JS in parallel
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://remote.tld/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="local/plugin1.jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="local/plugin2.jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="local/init.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
initMyPage();
</script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="LAB.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$LAB
.script("http://remote.tld/jquery.js").wait()
.script("/local/plugin1.jquery.js")
.script("/local/plugin2.jquery.js").wait()
.script("/local/init.js").wait(function(){
initMyPage();
});
</script>

FRONTEND - JAVASCRIPT
Also move inline scripts to bottom of HTML body
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>NO</p>
<script>sleep(2);</script>
<p>'TIL BROOKLYN</p>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>Don't block me, bro!</p>
<script>(function(){sleep(2);})();</script>
<script>$({sleep(2);});</script>
<script>$(document).ready(function(){sleep(2);});</script>
</body>
</html>

Assets mostly load
before JS scripts

FRONTEND - CDN ADVANTAGES

Use a CDN, or giving your assets the home they deserve. There are
several advantages to using Amazon’s CDN.

• Geographical edge caching brings ﬁles closer to your users

• Purposefully set HTTP headers

• Cookie-less domain

• No need to use Apache/PHP to serve assets

• Overall quicker downloads

• Easy to round-robin domains

FRONTEND - STATIC FILES

Two classes of assets you’ll be serving:

Static
http://a1.cdnsters.com/static/images/slideshow/220x220rainydaydog.jpg

• Files that rarely change

• Typically libraries and images

• User generated content

• We mirror our images FTP server every 15 minutes

FRONTEND - RELEASE FILES

Two classes of assets you’ll be serving:

Release
http://a2.cdnsters.com/releases/20101014-1128/topic/css/
main.min.css.gz

• Files that might change each release

• Typically related to the apps

FRONTEND - CDN IMPLEMENTATION
So, how do you implement S3 and CloudFront?

1. Concat files by hand or using scripts

2. Compress images with ImageOptim

3. Create Minified versions of your JS and CSS

4. Create gzipped versions of all files

5. “rsync” white-listed folders to S3, with proper headers

6. CloudFront automatically gets files from S3
Bonus: https://gist.github.com/b82e5671e1f46760f0d9
Also try: http://tinycdn.com/

FRONTEND - HTTP HEADERS

Expires


Gzip


Content-Type

FRONTEND - ADS

Ads typically load external scripts that block page rendering. You’ll
probably want to quarantine your ads in some manner.

• Ads really really suck

• Place them in iframes

• Insert placeholders in HTML that populate at end of page via
Javascript

• Async loading probably doesn’t work because of
document.write() in ad scripts
* Google likely does count ads in overall page speed time

WRAP UP

Backend Performance

Benchmark, PHP, Database, Caching

Symfony 1.4.X Performance

You and your team, Caching

Frontend Performance

Benchmark, HTML, JS, CSS, Images, CDN

SF Symfony Meetup
http://www.dogster.com/
#sfsymfony
http://www.joedog.org/index/siege-home
http://github.com/smalyshev/migrate/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/slow-query-log.html
http://www.yotta.com/
http://www.webpagetest.org/
http://labjs.com/

More JS loading tips: http://jquerysbestfriends.com/

Rules for Faster-Loading Web Sites: http://stevesouders.com/hpws/rules.php

http://aws.amazon.com/s3/
http://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/
http://tinycdn.com/
http://code.google.com/p/minify/
http://www.io.com/~maus/HttpKeepAlive.html

Bonus S3 Symfony Task: https://gist.github.com/b82e5671e1f46760f0d9

Yuko Takahashi Paul Thrasher
@yukodesigns @thrashr888 | github.com/thrashr888
UI/Interactive Designer at Dogster Sr. Software Engineer at Dogster

Symfony Performance

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