Swift is a modern programming language that is fast, safe, and powerful. It is easy to learn and widely used to build iOS and macOS apps. Arrays in Swift can be used as stacks for efficient append and removal of elements. There are three main array types: ContiguousArray for C-like performance on elements stored contiguously in memory, Array for general-purpose use, and ArraySlice for a view of a portion of an array. Copy on write optimization allows arrays to efficiently be passed by value without unnecessary copying of elements.