SVG, CSS3, and D3 for Beginners

SVG, CSS3, and D3 for Beginners
Oswald Campesato
Consultant/Training:
www.iquarkt.com
ocampesato@yahoo.com

Features of SVG
The SVG <line> Element
The SVG <ellipse> Element
The SVG <rect> Element
The SVG <polygon> Element
The SVG <polyline> Element
The SVG <path> Element

Features of SVG
SVG <linearGradient> Element
SVG <radialGradient> Element
SVG <filter> Element
SVG <pattern> Element
SVG <defs> Element
SVG <text> elements (super/sub)
SVG <use> Element
SVG Fonts and WOFF
Custom Glyphs/Unicode

Colors/Gradients/Filters
(R,G,B) color model
SVG Linear Gradients
SVG Radial Gradients
SVG <pattern> Element
SVG <filter> Element
SVG <feColorMatrix> Filter
Gaussian, emboss, and so forth

SVG Transforms/Animation
The SVG <translate> Transform
The SVG <rotate> Transform
The SVG <scale> Transform
The SVG <skewX> Transform
The SVG <mask> Element
The SVG <clipPath> Element
NB: SMIL is (not?) deprecated in Chrome

SVG and Other Technologies
SVG and CSS
SVG and D3
SVG and jQuery
SVG and Angular 2
SVG and PolymerJS
SVG and ReactJS

The SVG Tiger (240 Path Elements)

Other Aspects of SVG
 SVG elements are inserted in the DOM so you can
track/manage groups of SVG elements
 no blurred/jagged edges when zooming in
 Convenient format for import/export between tools
 Can apply XSL stylesheets to SVG documents
On the other hand:
• Verbose (what do you expect? It’s XML)
• Can be difficult/incomprehensible (SVG tiger)
 Animation code can be cumbersome/tedious
 Consider D3 instead of “pure” SVG
Blog by Patrick Dengler: SVG versus Canvas

Ellipses and Rectangles (EllipseRect.svg)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20001102//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-SVG-20001102/DTD/svg-
20001102.dtd">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
width="100%" height="100%">
<g>
<ellipse cx=“100” cy=“100” rx=“80” ry=“30” fill=“blue”/>
<rect x=“200” y=“100” width=“80” height=“50” fill=“red”/>
</g>
</svg>

Exercise Set One
1) Render an ellipse that is directly below the given ellipse
2) Render an ellipse that is perpendicular to the given ellipse
3) Repeat #1 and #2 for the rectangle
If you have extra time:
4) Create a 2x2 rectangle checkerboard pattern

Rendering Polygons
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
 <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20001102//EN"
 "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-SVG-20001102/DTD/svg-20001102.dtd">
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 width="100%" height="100%">
 <g>
 <polygon points="250,20 200,80 300,350 z"
 fill="blue" stroke="red" stroke-width="4"/>
 <polygon points="300,100 100,80 50,50 100,250 z"
 fill="yellow" stroke="red" stroke-width="4"/>
 </g>
 </svg>

Rendering Cubes (basic code)
 
 <polygon fill="red"
 points="50,50 200,50 240,30 90,30"/>
 
 <rect width="150" height="150" x="50" y="50"
 fill="blue"/>
 
 <polygon fill="yellow"
 points="200,50 200,200 240,180 240,30"/>

Exercise Set Two
1) Create a triangle with <polygon>
2) Create a “diamond” shape with polygons
3) Create a regular octagon with a <polygon> element
4) Create a simple “star” shape with <polygon>

Simple Linear Gradients
 <defs>
 <linearGradient id="pattern2"
 x1="0%" y1="100%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
 <stop offset="0%" stop-color="yellow"/>
 <stop offset="40%" stop-color="red"/>
 <stop offset="80%" stop-color="blue"/>
 </linearGradient>
 </defs>
 <g>
 fill="url(#pattern2)"/>
 </g>

Simple Radial Gradients
 <defs>
 <radialGradient id="pattern1">
 <stop offset="0%" stop-color="yellow"/>
 <stop offset="40%" stop-color="red"/>
 <stop offset="80%" stop-color="blue"/>
 </radialGradient>
 </defs>
 <g>
 fill="url(#pattern1)"/>
 </g>

Exercise Set Three
1) Create a linear gradient with 5 stops colors and display a
rectangle with that linear gradient
2) Create a radial gradient with 5 stop colors and display an
ellipse with that radial gradient
3) Display a checkerboard with gradient effects
4) Display a cube with linear and radial gradients

Simple Transform Effects
 <g>
 fill="red"/>
 </g>
 <g transform="rotate(40)">
 fill="blue"/>
 </g>
 <g transform="scale(2,0.5)">
 fill="green"/>
 </g>

Exercise Set Four
1) Apply a scale() transform to an ellipse
2) Apply a skew() transform to an ellipse
3) Apply a rotate() transform to a rectangle
4) Apply a translate() transform to a rectangle
5) Apply all transforms to an ellipse

Useful Features of SVG (summary)
An XML-based vocabulary for 2D shapes:
 render circles/ellipses/elliptic arcs
 squares/rectangles/parallelograms
 cubic/quadratic Bezier curves
 arbitrary polygons
 linear/radial gradients and filters
 mouse events and animation support (*)
 good for charts/graphs
 works well with CSS3
 (*) consider using D3.js

Modular and Scalable CSS (1)
OOCSS: Object Oriented CSS
SMACSS: Scalable and Modular Architecture for
CSS
DRY: Don’t Repeat Yourself CSS
BEM: Block, Element, Modifier

Modular and Scalable CSS (2)
#1 and #2 avoid id (prefer class)
all share common goals
they use different approaches
provide general guidelines (not absolute)
try to understand underlying principles
then take the relevant parts

BorderRadius2.html
 <!doctype html>
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8" />
 <title>CSS Rounded Corners</title>
 <link href="BorderRadius2.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="outer">
<img src="sample1.png" id="imgborder1” width="200" height="200"/>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

BorderRadius2.css
 #imgborder3 {
 -webkit-border-top-left-radius : 2em;
 -webkit-border-top-right-radius : 2em;
 -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius : 0.5em;
 -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius : 0.5em;
 border-top-left-radius : 5em;
 border-top-right-radius : 5em;
 border-bottom-left-radius : 2.5em;
 border-bottom-right-radius : 2.5em;
 }

 #imgborder1, #imgborder2 {
 -webkit-border-radius : 50%;
 border-radius : 10em 10em 10em 10em;
 }

LinearGradient1.html
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
 <title>CSS Linear Gradient Example</title>
 <link href="LinearGradient1.css"
 rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
 </head>
 <body>
 <p id="line1">line 1 with a linear gradient</p>
 <p id="line2">line 2 with a linear gradient</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

LinearGradient1.css
 #line1 {
 width: 50%;
 font-size: 32px;
 background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #fff, #f00);
 border-radius: 4px;
 }

RadialGradient1.html
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
<title>CSS Linear Gradient Example</title>
<link href=”RadialGradient1.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="radial3">Text3</div>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

RadialGradient1.css
 #radial1 {
 font-size: 24px;
 width: 100px;
 height: 100px;
 position: absolute; top: 300px; left: 300px;
 background: radial-gradient(farthest-side at 60% 55%,
red, yellow, #400);
 }

CSS3 Transforms: Examples
rotate effect: rotate(45deg);
rotate clockwise 45 degrees
scale effect: scale(2);
make bigger (2 x horizontal and vertical)
Translate effect: translate(100px, 50px);
Move right 100px and down 50px
skew effect: skew(10deg, 30deg);
“twist” 10 deg/30 deg (horizontal/vertical)

A Scaled PNG (OneScale.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>CSS Scale Transform</title>
<link href="Scale1.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="outer">
<img src="sample1.png" class="scaled"
width="150" height="150"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>

The CSS3 code (OneScale.css)
img.scaled:hover {
-webkit-transform : scale(2);
-transform : scale(2);
}

What “Works” with CSS3?
Combine these with CSS3 in a Web Page:
SVG and D3 (=Document Driven Data=JS+SVG)
HTML5 Canvas (bitmap and without a DOM)
For Web applications:
jQuery (cross-browser and cross-platform)
BackboneJS (MVP reduces spaghetti code)
AngularJS (open source from Google)
Basically any JavaScript-based toolkit

When CSS3 Alone isn’t Enough
CSS3 can leverage the power of SVG:
+ reference SVG documents via “url()”
• SVG can leverage CSS3 by:
+ embedding CSS selectors in an SVG doc
use jQuery methods:
+ the css() method for updating properties
• Use jQuery Mobile features:
+ bindings to handle mouse/touch events

Exercise: PNGs with Transforms
Create an HTML5 Web page that:
1) renders three PNGs
2) References a CSS3 stylesheet with:
a) selectors for scale, rotate, and skew
b) hover-based animation effect

What is D3?
open source project (2010)
Mike Bostock (principal/creator)
based on JavaScript
a layer of "abstraction" over SVG
also support for HTML5 Canvas
github.com/mbostock/d3
Make sure to visit this website:
https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Gallery

D3 Functionality
D3 on Mobile Devices
D3 Boilerplate
Method Chaining in D3
The D3 Methods select() and selectAll()
Creating New HTML Elements
The Most Common Idiom in D3 (TMCIID3)
Binding Data to DOM Elements
Generating Text Strings

More Features of D3
Bezier Curves and Text
2D Transforms
Scaling Arrays of Numbers
Tweening in D3
Formatting Numbers
Linear/Radial Gradients
Render PNG Files
D3 and Filters
D3 API Reference

Why/When use D3?
For data visualization
extremely versatile
leverage JavaScript skills
leverage SVG
Create HTML5 Web pages with D3 and:
HTML5 Canvas, CSS3, SVG, jQuery, …

What Can You Do With D3?
All the stuff you can do in SVG
graphics/animation
filters/gradients
mouse/keyboard events
custom charts/graphs
Support for Ajax, JSON, XML, CSV files

How Does D3 Work?
Creates SVG elements via JavaScript
Often involves “method chaining”:
svg.selectAll()
.attr(a, “b”)
.attr(c,”d”)…
attributes: use constants/variables/functions
select-data-enter-append:
"TMCIID3” ("The Most Common Idiom in D3”)

Example: Append <p> with D3
<head>
<script src="d3.min.js">
</head>
<body>
<script>
d3.select("body")
.append("p")
.text("Hello1 D3");
</script>
<p>Hello1 D3</p>
</body>

Add SVG Elements: General Approach
#1: create/append an <svg> element to <body>
#2: often define JavaScript array(s) of values
#3: iterate through arrays + create SVG elements:
use constants/variables/anonymous functions
Optional:
#4: add event listener(s)
#5: add animation-related code

Creating a Circle in D3 (1/2)
1) First create an <svg> element:
var svg = d3.select("body")
.append("svg")
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height",height);

Creating a Circle in D3 (2/2)
2) Include the following D3 code:
svg.append("circle")
.attr("cx", 10)
.attr("cy", 10)
.attr("r", 100)
.attr("fill", "red")
D3 code generates this SVG element:
<body>
<circle cx="10" cy="10” r="100" fill="red" />
</body>

A Scatter Chart (1/2)
Step #1 define a JS array with data values:
var dataXValues=[10, 50, 20, 80,150,180,220];
Step #2 Create an SVG element:
var svg = d3.select("body")
.append("svg")
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height", height);

A Scatter Chart (2/2)
Step 3: create and append circles:
var circles = svg.selectAll("circles")
.data(dataXValues)
.enter()
.append("circle")
.attr("cx", function(d, i) {
return (d*5*Math.random());
})
.attr("cy", function(d, i) {
return (d*5*Math.random());
})
.attr("r", radius).style("fill", "red");

Use Arrays of Arrays (or Objects)
var dataXYValues=[[10,30], [50,70], [20,200],
[80,300],[70,50],[180,100],[220,250]];
var generalizedCircles = svg.selectAll("circles")
.data(dataXYValues).enter().append("circle")
.attr("cx", function(d, i) { return d[0]; })
.attr("cy", function(d, i) { return d[1]; })
.attr(”r", function(d, i) { return dataRValues[i];})
.style (”fill", function(d, i) { return dataFValues[i];})

Mouse Handler for ScatterChart
circles.on("mouseover",function() {
d3.select(this) // the “mouseover” circle
.transition()
.duration(duration)
.attr("transform", function() {
var sx = 1+Math.random();
var sy = 1-Math.random();
return "scale("+sx+","+sy+")";
})
})

Examples of Transforms in D3
yourPreviouslyCreatedSVGElement
.attr("transform", "translate(50,100)")
.attr("transform", "rotate(40)")
.attr("transform", "scale(0.5,1.3)")
.attr("transform", "skewX(20)")

Easing Functions (for animation)
Create an SVG element and append this code:
.on("mouseover",function(){
.duration(1000)
.delay(200)
.ease("out-elastic",1,1)
})
At least 10 easing functions available

Github + Graphics Samples
 https://github.com/ocampesato/reactjs-graphics
 https://github.com/ocampesato/angular-graphics
 https://github.com/ocampesato/web-animations
 https://github.com/ocampesato/polymer-svg-css3

Recent/Upcoming Books and Training
1) HTML5 Canvas and CSS3 Graphics (2013)
2) jQuery, CSS3, and HTML5 for Mobile (2013)
3) HTML5 Pocket Primer (2013)
4) jQuery Pocket Primer (2013)
5) HTML5 Mobile Pocket Primer (2014)
6) D3 Pocket Primer (2015)
7) Python Pocket Primer (2015)
8) SVG Pocket Primer (2016)
9) CSS3 Pocket Primer (2016)
10) Angular 2 Pocket Primer (2016)

SVG, CSS3, and D3 for Beginners

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