The document summarizes the fastest mobile processors from 2011-2012. It lists the Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8260 as the fastest during this period, found in phones like the HTC Sensation XE and Samsung Galaxy S II. It also discusses other high performing processors of the time, including the Samsung Exynos and Nvidia Tegra 2. Key details about the ARM Cortex A9 architecture and its performance advantages over prior generations are provided.
This document discusses mobile processors and their components. It begins by defining a processor and its main functions. The major components of a processor are then outlined, including the CPU, GPU, camera ISP, audio/video processing, and radio/modem. An SoC is described as integrating all these components onto a single chip. Key factors for comparing processors like architecture, technology node, number of cores, and frequency are also summarized. The document concludes by noting the importance of mobile processors and need for continued development to support new technologies.
This document discusses the history and evolution of mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) from 1992 to 1996. It notes several important early devices including the Motorola International 3200 phone in 1992, the Nokia 1011 which was the first mass-produced GSM phone, and the IBM Simon personal communicator in 1992, which was the first device to combine PDA and phone functionality. It also mentions the Motorola StarTAC phone in 1996 as the first clamshell cellular phone design.
This document summarizes a survey on the fastest mobile processors from 2011-2012. It discusses the Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8260 as the fastest at the time, featuring a dual-core 1.5 GHz Scorpion CPU and Adreno 220 GPU. Other high performing processors mentioned include the Samsung Exynos, TI OMAP, Nvidia Tegra 2, and Qualcomm MSM8660 Snapdragon. Key ARM architectures like Cortex-A8, Cortex-A9, and Samsung's Hummingbird are analyzed in terms of their performance.
This document provides an introduction to system on chip (SoC) based smartphone processors, their working, and architecture. It defines an SoC as an integrated circuit that combines all components of an electronic system into a single chip, including digital, analog and radio frequency functions. SoCs are used in smartphones to minimize size and power consumption by integrating components like the CPU, memory, timing sources and peripherals onto one chip. Popular smartphone SoCs include Qualcomm's Snapdragon and Samsung's Exynos, which are based on ARM architecture and include CPU cores, GPU, and cellular radios. Key aspects of SoC processors discussed include cores, clock speed, multi-threading, and why Qualcomm Snapdragon processors are
Mobile processors have become very powerful, with processing speeds up to 3.5 GHz and multiple cores that enable better graphics and multitasking. The document discusses different types of mobile processors like Qualcomm Snapdragon, MediaTek, Exynos, Kirin, Intel Atom, and Apple's mobile processors. It also covers topics like how processors work, the benefits of multiple cores, nanometer sizes, and ARM architecture.
This presentation discusses the different CPU architectures used in Android devices, including ARM, Intel, and MIPS. ARM is the most popular and uses energy-efficient RISC designs. Popular ARM vendors are Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Nvidia, and Samsung, who integrate ARM cores into system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Intel produces x86 processors for Android via the Atom platform. MIPS is another RISC architecture used in some devices. The presentation explores the processor designs and vendors that power popular Android smartphones and tablets.
MOBILE PROCESSORS IN NOWADAYS AVAILABLE MOBILE AND TABLETS.Today’s smartphone and mobile processors are very powerful, so powerful that it is almost as powerful as a desktop computer. Processors are now coming up with more cores. Initially it was Single core, and then came Dual core; we now have Quad core, Hexa core and even Octa core. Most processors are 64 bit now as against 32 bit when it started initially. The processing speed has reached up to 3.0 -3.5 GHz. The ability to include GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) inside mobile processors has enabled devices to churn out the best graphics picture, 3D capability, Virtual Reality capability and 4k recording. The improved processor technology also made today’s modern mobile devices more power efficient. In this article we will learn different processor used in mobile, tablet, and laptops.
The document discusses mobile processors and how they work in smartphones. It explains that a processor executes tasks on the smartphone like running apps, GPS navigation, and calling. Processors began with single cores but now have multiple cores to divide tasks between. More cores allow for faster multitasking. However, an octa-core phone is not always twice as fast as a quad-core phone. Other factors like RAM, GPU, antennas also impact performance. Popular mobile processors include Qualcomm Snapdragon, MediaTek, and Apple. Snapdragon is known for performance but Apple and their A-series processors generally outperform Snapdragon in benchmarks due to process and design advantages. RAM also influences performance by allowing more apps to
This document discusses mobile processors and their components. It begins by defining a processor and its main functions. The major components of a processor are then outlined, including the CPU, GPU, camera ISP, audio/video processing, and radio/modem. An SoC is described as integrating all these components onto a single chip. Key factors for comparing processors like architecture, technology node, number of cores, and frequency are also summarized. The document concludes by noting the importance of mobile processors and need for continued development to support new technologies.
This document discusses the history and evolution of mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) from 1992 to 1996. It notes several important early devices including the Motorola International 3200 phone in 1992, the Nokia 1011 which was the first mass-produced GSM phone, and the IBM Simon personal communicator in 1992, which was the first device to combine PDA and phone functionality. It also mentions the Motorola StarTAC phone in 1996 as the first clamshell cellular phone design.
This document summarizes a survey on the fastest mobile processors from 2011-2012. It discusses the Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8260 as the fastest at the time, featuring a dual-core 1.5 GHz Scorpion CPU and Adreno 220 GPU. Other high performing processors mentioned include the Samsung Exynos, TI OMAP, Nvidia Tegra 2, and Qualcomm MSM8660 Snapdragon. Key ARM architectures like Cortex-A8, Cortex-A9, and Samsung's Hummingbird are analyzed in terms of their performance.
This document provides an introduction to system on chip (SoC) based smartphone processors, their working, and architecture. It defines an SoC as an integrated circuit that combines all components of an electronic system into a single chip, including digital, analog and radio frequency functions. SoCs are used in smartphones to minimize size and power consumption by integrating components like the CPU, memory, timing sources and peripherals onto one chip. Popular smartphone SoCs include Qualcomm's Snapdragon and Samsung's Exynos, which are based on ARM architecture and include CPU cores, GPU, and cellular radios. Key aspects of SoC processors discussed include cores, clock speed, multi-threading, and why Qualcomm Snapdragon processors are
Mobile processors have become very powerful, with processing speeds up to 3.5 GHz and multiple cores that enable better graphics and multitasking. The document discusses different types of mobile processors like Qualcomm Snapdragon, MediaTek, Exynos, Kirin, Intel Atom, and Apple's mobile processors. It also covers topics like how processors work, the benefits of multiple cores, nanometer sizes, and ARM architecture.
This presentation discusses the different CPU architectures used in Android devices, including ARM, Intel, and MIPS. ARM is the most popular and uses energy-efficient RISC designs. Popular ARM vendors are Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Nvidia, and Samsung, who integrate ARM cores into system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Intel produces x86 processors for Android via the Atom platform. MIPS is another RISC architecture used in some devices. The presentation explores the processor designs and vendors that power popular Android smartphones and tablets.
MOBILE PROCESSORS IN NOWADAYS AVAILABLE MOBILE AND TABLETS.Today’s smartphone and mobile processors are very powerful, so powerful that it is almost as powerful as a desktop computer. Processors are now coming up with more cores. Initially it was Single core, and then came Dual core; we now have Quad core, Hexa core and even Octa core. Most processors are 64 bit now as against 32 bit when it started initially. The processing speed has reached up to 3.0 -3.5 GHz. The ability to include GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) inside mobile processors has enabled devices to churn out the best graphics picture, 3D capability, Virtual Reality capability and 4k recording. The improved processor technology also made today’s modern mobile devices more power efficient. In this article we will learn different processor used in mobile, tablet, and laptops.
The document discusses mobile processors and how they work in smartphones. It explains that a processor executes tasks on the smartphone like running apps, GPS navigation, and calling. Processors began with single cores but now have multiple cores to divide tasks between. More cores allow for faster multitasking. However, an octa-core phone is not always twice as fast as a quad-core phone. Other factors like RAM, GPU, antennas also impact performance. Popular mobile processors include Qualcomm Snapdragon, MediaTek, and Apple. Snapdragon is known for performance but Apple and their A-series processors generally outperform Snapdragon in benchmarks due to process and design advantages. RAM also influences performance by allowing more apps to
The document discusses Qualcomm's Snapdragon mobile processors. It describes the key features and technology innovations of the Snapdragon S4 processor, including its CPU, GPU, modem, and DSP components. The S4 introduced Qualcomm's Krait CPU architecture and integrated 3G/4G modem. It provided improved performance over previous generations while enhancing power efficiency. The document outlines the different versions of Snapdragon processors like the S4 Play, S4 Plus, S4 Pro, and S4 Prime that were designed for various mobile device tiers.
The document compares CISC (x86) and RISC (ARM) architectures. CISC emphasizes complex instructions, large code sizes, and uses more transistors for complex instructions and storage. RISC emphasizes software, uses reduced instructions only, and has smaller code sizes. RISC has lower power and space requirements compared to CISC. The document also discusses various ARM-based system on chip (SoC) designs used in smartphones from companies like Qualcomm, Samsung, Huawei, Apple, MediaTek, and Intel. It provides examples of smartphone models using SoCs from these companies.
Apple inc., is played an major mobile tech beast roll in smart mobile industry and it's processor played a major roll in this industry. So, I want to discuss here about the history of these processors.
The document discusses the AMD Athlon microprocessor. It describes the original Athlon, also called the Athlon Classic, as the first seventh-generation x86 processor to reach 1 GHz. It then discusses subsequent Athlon models including the Athlon 64, Athlon II, and various Athlon XP processors. Key details are provided on the architectures and specifications of the Thunderbird, Palomino, and other Athlon cores.
The document discusses the differences between RISC (reduced instruction set computer) and CISC (complex instruction set computer) architectures. It provides examples of how a mathematical operation would be carried out in each type of architecture. It then gives a brief history of ARM processors, including key companies and models involved in their development. It highlights some of the advancements in ARM processors over time, such as increasing speeds, inclusion of graphics processing units, and transition to multi-core designs. Finally, it mentions some upcoming ARM and Intel processors that will further push mobile device capabilities.
Snapdragon s4 processors system on chip solutions for a new mobile ageSatya Harish
The Snapdragon S4 processors are Qualcomm's next generation mobile processors designed to meet the increasing demands of the new mobile age for high performance and long battery life. The S4 incorporates Qualcomm's latest technologies including being the first to use the 28nm manufacturing process, featuring the new Krait CPU architecture and Adreno 225 GPU for superior performance, and including the industry's first fully integrated LTE/3G multimode modem for global connectivity. The S4 provides outstanding balance of performance and power efficiency to power the latest smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
AMD technology powers 4 of the top 5 fastest supercomputers in the world. AMD was also the first to release a quad-core CPU over 6.5GHz and the fastest graphics card. More recently, AMD launched new processors and chipsets, improved graphics drivers, and partnered to bring 500,000 Android apps to PCs. AMD has advantages over competitors like larger L1 CPU caches, easier overclocking tools, power efficiency technologies, and upgradeability across motherboards.
The document provides an overview of Intel Core i3, i5, i7, and i9 processors. It discusses the key features of each processor type, including the number of cores, cache size, clock speeds, and advantages and disadvantages. The core i3 is a dual-core processor with 3-4MB of cache and speeds up to 3.5GHz. The core i5 is a dual-core or quad-core processor with cache sizes from 3-6MB and speeds up to 3.8GHz. The core i7 has 4-8 cores with larger cache sizes and speeds up to 3.7GHz. The high-end core i9 was introduced in 2018 with up to 18 cores, large
The document discusses Qualcomm Snapdragon, a family of mobile system on chips (SoCs) designed by Qualcomm. It describes the evolution of Snapdragon CPUs from Scorpion to Krait and their features. It also discusses the Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP, and other components integrated into Snapdragon SoCs. The document then provides details about specific Snapdragon families like S4, 800 series, and 810. It also includes information about ARM architecture and its instruction set.
The document provides information about the Intel Core i7 processor. It includes sections about the history, architecture, features, advantages, and disadvantages. Some key details are:
- The Intel Core i7 is a desktop CPU with 4 cores and 8 threads that can reach speeds up to 4.2GHz. It supports up to 64GB of RAM.
- Features include Turbo Boost, Hyper-Threading, integrated graphics, and virtualization technologies.
- Advantages are its performance capabilities due to technologies like virtualization and Turbo Boost. Disadvantages include higher price and power consumption compared to other processors.
The document discusses the Intel Core i7 processor. It has the following key points:
1. The Core i7 is a quad-core desktop processor using the Intel Nehalem microarchitecture.
2. It uses the LGA1366 socket and supports DDR3 RAM via an on-die memory controller.
3. The front-side bus is replaced by the faster QuickPath Interconnect for communication with the chipset.
Nvidia’s tegra line of processors for mobile devices2 2Sukul Yarraguntla
Nvidia's Tegra line of system on chips (SoCs) uses a heterogeneous multi-processor architecture with purpose-optimized processors to provide high performance for mobile devices while maintaining low power consumption and long battery life. The Tegra architecture includes dual CPU cores, a GPU, and dedicated cores for video/image processing, audio, and more. By selectively powering processors for specific tasks like music, video, or games, Tegra can deliver all-day battery life while supporting high-definition multimedia experiences.
A mobile processor is found in mobile computers and cell phones. The main companies that produce mobile processors are Qualcomm, Samsung, Mediatek, and NVIDIA. Key aspects of mobile processor technology include transistor size, number of cores, and processing frequency, with newer processors having smaller transistors, more cores, and higher frequencies.
The document discusses the specifications and technologies of the Intel Core i5-3550S processor. It uses the Ivy Bridge microarchitecture with a 22nm process. It has 4 cores with 4 threads each, supports up to 32GB of RAM, and has cache memory including a shared 8MB L3 cache. It supports many Intel technologies like Turbo Boost, Hyper-Threading, Virtualization, and AES-NI.
The NVIDIA Tegra processor uses a heterogeneous multi-processor architecture with eight specialized processors to optimize performance and battery life for mobile devices. These include processors for graphics, video encoding and decoding, image processing, audio, and general purposes. Each processor is independently power managed to minimize power usage. This allows the Tegra to deliver high-performance for tasks like gaming and web browsing while also providing exceptional battery life of days for typical use cases like audio playback.
The document discusses the AMD Opteron processor and its architecture. It introduces the AMD 64-bit architecture and core microarchitecture, which includes integer and floating point units. It then describes the problem of only supporting one HyperTransport link table in the BIOS, which prevents removing CPUs. The main approach presented is a new HyperTransport link configuration application that supports multiple link tables, allowing more flexible CPU configurations of 2, 4, or 8 ways while avoiding BIOS issues.
The document provides information about the Intel i3 processor. It begins with a brief introduction of processors in general, then discusses some key features of the i3 processor, including that it is a dual core chip that is faster than the previous Core2Duo. It describes technologies like multi-core processing, Hyper-Threading, virtualization support, and caches that improve processor performance. Finally, it mentions security features like Execute Disable Bit that help prevent buffer overflow attacks.
Difference between i3 and i5 and i7 and core 2 duoShubham Singh
The document compares Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 processors as well as Core 2 Duo processors. It provides details on the architecture and features of each:
- Core i3 processors have dual cores with hyper-threading. Core i5 processors have dual cores with slightly higher clock speeds than i3, hyper-threading, and turbo boost. Core i7 processors have dual or quad cores with higher clock speeds than i5, hyper-threading, turbo boost, virtualization support, and new instruction sets.
- Core 2 Duo processors were Intel's previous dual-core processors before the Core i-series. They provided benefits of multitasking over single-core processors but were about 20
I have collected all the necessary information about various hardware blocks of Nvidia Tegra K1 processor and put them together. It would be helpful for those who are/going to work on it by giving the details in a very concise fashion.
This document provides information about Intel processors from i3 to i7. It describes the key features of each processor series including their clock speeds, number of cores, cache sizes, and integrated graphics capabilities. The i3 is positioned as an entry-level dual-core processor improved over Core 2 Duo. The i5 offers multi-tasking capability with dual cores and turbo boost. The i7 provides additional performance through quad-core processing and higher clock speeds. Each series has advantages over the previous, with the i7 aimed at power users demanding the most processing power.
The document discusses multi-core processing and ARM architecture. It provides details on ARM cores from ARM1 through Cortex-M7 and Cortex-R4, including the instruction set, microarchitecture, cores, caches, and typical performance in MIPS at different clock speeds. It also discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers.
The one-day training covers technical aspects of NXP's LPC2000 family of ARM7 microcontrollers, including introductions to the ARM7 architecture, LPC2000 devices and development tools. The agenda includes presentations on the ARM7 memory map, peripherals and initialization, as well as examples using evaluation boards and Keil development tools. Supporting slides provide overviews of NXP's ARM-based microcontroller strategy and roadmaps.
The document discusses Qualcomm's Snapdragon mobile processors. It describes the key features and technology innovations of the Snapdragon S4 processor, including its CPU, GPU, modem, and DSP components. The S4 introduced Qualcomm's Krait CPU architecture and integrated 3G/4G modem. It provided improved performance over previous generations while enhancing power efficiency. The document outlines the different versions of Snapdragon processors like the S4 Play, S4 Plus, S4 Pro, and S4 Prime that were designed for various mobile device tiers.
The document compares CISC (x86) and RISC (ARM) architectures. CISC emphasizes complex instructions, large code sizes, and uses more transistors for complex instructions and storage. RISC emphasizes software, uses reduced instructions only, and has smaller code sizes. RISC has lower power and space requirements compared to CISC. The document also discusses various ARM-based system on chip (SoC) designs used in smartphones from companies like Qualcomm, Samsung, Huawei, Apple, MediaTek, and Intel. It provides examples of smartphone models using SoCs from these companies.
Apple inc., is played an major mobile tech beast roll in smart mobile industry and it's processor played a major roll in this industry. So, I want to discuss here about the history of these processors.
The document discusses the AMD Athlon microprocessor. It describes the original Athlon, also called the Athlon Classic, as the first seventh-generation x86 processor to reach 1 GHz. It then discusses subsequent Athlon models including the Athlon 64, Athlon II, and various Athlon XP processors. Key details are provided on the architectures and specifications of the Thunderbird, Palomino, and other Athlon cores.
The document discusses the differences between RISC (reduced instruction set computer) and CISC (complex instruction set computer) architectures. It provides examples of how a mathematical operation would be carried out in each type of architecture. It then gives a brief history of ARM processors, including key companies and models involved in their development. It highlights some of the advancements in ARM processors over time, such as increasing speeds, inclusion of graphics processing units, and transition to multi-core designs. Finally, it mentions some upcoming ARM and Intel processors that will further push mobile device capabilities.
Snapdragon s4 processors system on chip solutions for a new mobile ageSatya Harish
The Snapdragon S4 processors are Qualcomm's next generation mobile processors designed to meet the increasing demands of the new mobile age for high performance and long battery life. The S4 incorporates Qualcomm's latest technologies including being the first to use the 28nm manufacturing process, featuring the new Krait CPU architecture and Adreno 225 GPU for superior performance, and including the industry's first fully integrated LTE/3G multimode modem for global connectivity. The S4 provides outstanding balance of performance and power efficiency to power the latest smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
AMD technology powers 4 of the top 5 fastest supercomputers in the world. AMD was also the first to release a quad-core CPU over 6.5GHz and the fastest graphics card. More recently, AMD launched new processors and chipsets, improved graphics drivers, and partnered to bring 500,000 Android apps to PCs. AMD has advantages over competitors like larger L1 CPU caches, easier overclocking tools, power efficiency technologies, and upgradeability across motherboards.
The document provides an overview of Intel Core i3, i5, i7, and i9 processors. It discusses the key features of each processor type, including the number of cores, cache size, clock speeds, and advantages and disadvantages. The core i3 is a dual-core processor with 3-4MB of cache and speeds up to 3.5GHz. The core i5 is a dual-core or quad-core processor with cache sizes from 3-6MB and speeds up to 3.8GHz. The core i7 has 4-8 cores with larger cache sizes and speeds up to 3.7GHz. The high-end core i9 was introduced in 2018 with up to 18 cores, large
The document discusses Qualcomm Snapdragon, a family of mobile system on chips (SoCs) designed by Qualcomm. It describes the evolution of Snapdragon CPUs from Scorpion to Krait and their features. It also discusses the Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP, and other components integrated into Snapdragon SoCs. The document then provides details about specific Snapdragon families like S4, 800 series, and 810. It also includes information about ARM architecture and its instruction set.
The document provides information about the Intel Core i7 processor. It includes sections about the history, architecture, features, advantages, and disadvantages. Some key details are:
- The Intel Core i7 is a desktop CPU with 4 cores and 8 threads that can reach speeds up to 4.2GHz. It supports up to 64GB of RAM.
- Features include Turbo Boost, Hyper-Threading, integrated graphics, and virtualization technologies.
- Advantages are its performance capabilities due to technologies like virtualization and Turbo Boost. Disadvantages include higher price and power consumption compared to other processors.
The document discusses the Intel Core i7 processor. It has the following key points:
1. The Core i7 is a quad-core desktop processor using the Intel Nehalem microarchitecture.
2. It uses the LGA1366 socket and supports DDR3 RAM via an on-die memory controller.
3. The front-side bus is replaced by the faster QuickPath Interconnect for communication with the chipset.
Nvidia’s tegra line of processors for mobile devices2 2Sukul Yarraguntla
Nvidia's Tegra line of system on chips (SoCs) uses a heterogeneous multi-processor architecture with purpose-optimized processors to provide high performance for mobile devices while maintaining low power consumption and long battery life. The Tegra architecture includes dual CPU cores, a GPU, and dedicated cores for video/image processing, audio, and more. By selectively powering processors for specific tasks like music, video, or games, Tegra can deliver all-day battery life while supporting high-definition multimedia experiences.
A mobile processor is found in mobile computers and cell phones. The main companies that produce mobile processors are Qualcomm, Samsung, Mediatek, and NVIDIA. Key aspects of mobile processor technology include transistor size, number of cores, and processing frequency, with newer processors having smaller transistors, more cores, and higher frequencies.
The document discusses the specifications and technologies of the Intel Core i5-3550S processor. It uses the Ivy Bridge microarchitecture with a 22nm process. It has 4 cores with 4 threads each, supports up to 32GB of RAM, and has cache memory including a shared 8MB L3 cache. It supports many Intel technologies like Turbo Boost, Hyper-Threading, Virtualization, and AES-NI.
The NVIDIA Tegra processor uses a heterogeneous multi-processor architecture with eight specialized processors to optimize performance and battery life for mobile devices. These include processors for graphics, video encoding and decoding, image processing, audio, and general purposes. Each processor is independently power managed to minimize power usage. This allows the Tegra to deliver high-performance for tasks like gaming and web browsing while also providing exceptional battery life of days for typical use cases like audio playback.
The document discusses the AMD Opteron processor and its architecture. It introduces the AMD 64-bit architecture and core microarchitecture, which includes integer and floating point units. It then describes the problem of only supporting one HyperTransport link table in the BIOS, which prevents removing CPUs. The main approach presented is a new HyperTransport link configuration application that supports multiple link tables, allowing more flexible CPU configurations of 2, 4, or 8 ways while avoiding BIOS issues.
The document provides information about the Intel i3 processor. It begins with a brief introduction of processors in general, then discusses some key features of the i3 processor, including that it is a dual core chip that is faster than the previous Core2Duo. It describes technologies like multi-core processing, Hyper-Threading, virtualization support, and caches that improve processor performance. Finally, it mentions security features like Execute Disable Bit that help prevent buffer overflow attacks.
Difference between i3 and i5 and i7 and core 2 duoShubham Singh
The document compares Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 processors as well as Core 2 Duo processors. It provides details on the architecture and features of each:
- Core i3 processors have dual cores with hyper-threading. Core i5 processors have dual cores with slightly higher clock speeds than i3, hyper-threading, and turbo boost. Core i7 processors have dual or quad cores with higher clock speeds than i5, hyper-threading, turbo boost, virtualization support, and new instruction sets.
- Core 2 Duo processors were Intel's previous dual-core processors before the Core i-series. They provided benefits of multitasking over single-core processors but were about 20
I have collected all the necessary information about various hardware blocks of Nvidia Tegra K1 processor and put them together. It would be helpful for those who are/going to work on it by giving the details in a very concise fashion.
This document provides information about Intel processors from i3 to i7. It describes the key features of each processor series including their clock speeds, number of cores, cache sizes, and integrated graphics capabilities. The i3 is positioned as an entry-level dual-core processor improved over Core 2 Duo. The i5 offers multi-tasking capability with dual cores and turbo boost. The i7 provides additional performance through quad-core processing and higher clock speeds. Each series has advantages over the previous, with the i7 aimed at power users demanding the most processing power.
The document discusses multi-core processing and ARM architecture. It provides details on ARM cores from ARM1 through Cortex-M7 and Cortex-R4, including the instruction set, microarchitecture, cores, caches, and typical performance in MIPS at different clock speeds. It also discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers.
The one-day training covers technical aspects of NXP's LPC2000 family of ARM7 microcontrollers, including introductions to the ARM7 architecture, LPC2000 devices and development tools. The agenda includes presentations on the ARM7 memory map, peripherals and initialization, as well as examples using evaluation boards and Keil development tools. Supporting slides provide overviews of NXP's ARM-based microcontroller strategy and roadmaps.
The document discusses the ARM Cortex-M3 processor. It was designed for the 32-bit microcontroller market in 2006. It provides excellent performance at low gate count and new features previously only available in high-end processors. It uses the Thumb-2 instruction set which includes both 16-bit and 32-bit instructions, allowing for high code density and performance without state switching. The Cortex-M3 is well suited for applications such as low-cost microcontrollers, automotive, data communications, industrial control, and consumer products due to its features including low power consumption, enhanced determinism, and improved code density.
The ARM architecture describes a family of RISC-based processors designed and licensed by ARM Holdings. It uses a RISC approach requiring fewer transistors than traditional processors. This allows for lower costs, less heat and power usage, making ARM processors suitable for portable battery-powered devices like smartphones and tablets. Companies can build low-energy system-on-a-chip devices incorporating memory, interfaces, radios, etc using ARM's simpler design.
Embedded Solutions 2010 : ARM-Cortex Based MCU's , by ARROW-ISRAEL New-Tech Magazine
This document summarizes Amir Sherman's qualifications as a semiconductors technical manager. It lists his experience distributing ARM Cortex processors in Israel and provides an overview of various microcontroller products from companies like NXP, STMicroelectronics, and TI. Charts are included comparing the features of low-power 32-bit microcontrollers using ARM Cortex-M cores.
The document discusses the features and architecture of the ARM9 processor. It describes the ARM9 as having a 5-stage pipeline, 32 registers, and support for both ARM and Thumb instruction sets. It supports DSP enhancements like single-cycle 32x16 multiplication and saturating arithmetic. The ARM9 powers applications in devices like smartphones, networking equipment, automotive systems, and embedded devices. The document then focuses on the specific ARM920T processor, which adds a 16KB cache and memory management unit to the ARM9 core.
1: Interfacing using ARM Cortex M4 || IEEE SSCS AlexSC IEEE SSCS AlexSC
This document provides an overview of ARM architecture, including ARM Cortex-M4 and M3 specifications, and peripherals of the TM4C123GH6PM microcontroller. It discusses the history and development of ARM architecture, from its origins at Acorn Computers to the current licensing model. ARMv7 architecture profiles including A-Profile for application processors, R-Profile for real-time systems, and M-Profile for microcontrollers are also covered. Specific topics to be discussed include GPIO, ADC, interrupts, SPI, I2C, UART, DMA, and timer interfacing.
NuMicro® M480 Series Introduction - Sept.2019Mason Lyu
The NuMicro® M480 series is a high performance, low power microcontroller powered by the Arm® Cortex®-M4F core with DSP extension.
The 512 KB embedded dual bank Flash memory supports OTA (Over-The-Air) firmware upgrade, and the 160 KB embedded SRAM includes 32 KB cache to speed up external SPI Flash code execution.
The 256 KB embedded single bank Flash memory supports up to 4 configurable eXecute-Only-Memory regions, and the 128 KB embedded SRAM provides multi-level retention in standby power-down mode.
The factory pre-loaded bootloader enables Secure Boot functionality to check code integrity inside embedded Flash memory.
Webinar: Nova família de microcontroladores STM32WL – Sub Giga MultiprotocoloEmbarcados
Neste webinar você vai conhecer o primeiro microcontrolador monolítico com radio Sub Giga multi protocolo (range de frequência: 150 MHz a 960 MHz , Modulações : LoRa®, (G)FSK, (G)MSK and BPSK ). Também será apresentado o Ambiente de desenvolvimento (CubeIDE) e outras ferramentas, mostrando um exemplo de uma aplicação LoRa.
Assista o webinar em: https://www.embarcados.com.br/webinar-nova-familia-de-microcontroladores-stm32wl-sub-giga-multiprotocolo/
AAME ARM Techcon2013 001v02 Architecture and Programmer's modelAnh Dung NGUYEN
The document provides an overview of the ARMv6-M and ARMv7-M architectures and programmer's model. It discusses key aspects including:
- The ARMv7-M programmer's model including registers, modes, exceptions and interrupts.
- ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers which implement the ARMv7-M architecture profile designed for microcontrollers.
- The ARMv7-M instruction set which implements the Thumb instruction set with Thumb-2 technology using a mix of 16-bit and 32-bit instructions.
This is mainly intended for young faculty who are involved in ARM processor architecture teaching. This may also be useful to those who are keen in understanding the secrets of ARM architecture.Very good luck
The document provides an introduction and overview of the ARM processor architecture. It discusses:
- The origins and evolution of ARM from the original ARM1 through to newer models like ARM7, ARM9, and ARM10.
- The key features of the ARM7 processor, including its 32-bit RISC design, low power consumption, and applications in areas like telecoms, portable devices, and automotive.
- The programmer's model of ARM7 including hardware configurations, operating modes, registers, exceptions, and instruction set. Banked registers allow different modes to have private register sets.
- Exceptions in ARM7 include interrupts, aborts, undefined instructions. Exceptions are prioritized with FI
The document lists and provides details on many early processors from Intel and other manufacturers in chronological order. It begins with the 4-bit Intel 4004 microprocessor from 1971 and discusses the related MCS-4 family. It then covers the early 8-bit processors like the 8008 and 8080, and later 8-bit processors like the 8085. The document also summarizes Intel's early microcontroller lines like the MCS-48 family based on the 8048 and the MCS-51 family based on the 8051. It concludes by briefly mentioning the 16-bit Intel 8086 processor and some of its variants like the 8088 and 80186.
MYC-Y6ULX CPU Module - NXP i.MX 6UL/6ULL System-on-ModuleLinda Zhang
This overview document gives a brief introduction of MYIR's MYC-Y6ULX CPU Module which is powered by NXP i.MX 6UltraLite / 6ULL processor based on the ARM Cortex-A7 architecture. It is ready to run Linux and delivers high performance with ultra-efficient power that targets Industry Control, Communications, HMI, Smart Healthcare and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It carries out as many as peripheral signals and IOs through 1.0mm pitch 140-pin stamp hole expansion interface to allow customer’s extension for their next embedded design. The module can support industrial operating temperature range from -40 to +85 Celsius.
The document discusses the ARM 32-bit processor architecture. It provides background on ARM and describes the ARM Cortex-M3 processor. The Cortex-M3 was designed for microcontrollers and provides good performance at low gate count. It uses the Thumb-2 instruction set which includes both 16-bit and 32-bit instructions. The Cortex-M3 architecture includes 32-bit registers, separate instruction and data buses, optional Memory Protection Unit, and debug components. It has two operation modes and two privilege levels to support exception handling and memory protection.
Embedded Systems (18EC62) - ARM - 32-Bit Microcontroller (Module 1)Shrishail Bhat
Lecture Slides for Embedded Systems (18EC62) – ARM – 32-Bit Microcontroller (Module 1) for VTU Students
Contents
Thumb-2 technology and applications of ARM, Architecture of ARM Cortex M3, Various Units in the architecture, Debugging support, General Purpose Registers, Special Registers, exceptions, interrupts, stack operation, reset sequence.
Explain briefly about the major enhancements in ARM processor archite.pdfarjunenterprises1978
Explain briefly about the major enhancements in ARM processor architecture compared to
conventional RSIC computational model.
Solution
ARM:
• ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine based on the RISC.
• It has high code density, low power consumption & low silicon area.
• It is a load-store architecture, data processing through registers and does not involve changes
directly within memory and it gives good speed vs power consumption ratio.
RISC features
Instructions:
Lower number of instructions compared to CISC. The compiler or programmer synthesizes
complicated operations by combining several simple instructions. Each instruction is a fixed
length to allow the pipeline to fetch future instructions before decoding the current instruction.
Pipeline:
The processing of instructions is broken down into smaller units that can be executed in parallel
by pipelines. Ideally the pipeline advances by one step on each cycle for maximum throughput.
Instructions can be decoded in one pipeline stage. There is no need for an instruction to be
executed by a mini-program called microcode as on CISC processors.
Fixed number of instruction cycles: Most instructions single cycle.
Registers:
RISC have a large number of general purpose registers while CISC have special purpose
registers. In RISC any register can contain either data or an address. Registers act as the fast
local memory store for all data processing operations.
Load-store architecture -The processor operates on data held in registers. Separate load and store
instructions transfer data between the register bank and external memory. Memory accesses are
costly, so separating memory accesses from data processing pro-vides an advantage because you
can use data items held in the register bank multiple times without needing multiple memory
accesses. In contrast, with a CISC design the data processing operations can act on memory
directly.
ARM feature improvements over RISC
Variable cycle execution for certain instructions-Not every ARM instruction executes in a single
cycle. For example, load-store-multiple instructions vary in the number of execution cycles
depending upon the number of registers being transferred. The transfer can occur on sequential
memory addresses, which increases performance since sequential memory accesses are often
faster than random accesses.
Inline barrel shifter leading to more complex instructions-The inline barrel shifter is a hardware
component that preprocesses one of the input registers before it is used by an instruction. This
expands the capability of many instructions to improve core performance and code density.
ARM has enhanced the processor core by adding a second 16 bit instruction set called Thumb.
This thumb instruction permits the ARM core to execute either 16 bit or 32 bit instructions. The
16 bit instructions improve code density by about 30 percent compare to 32 bit instructions of
fixed length.
Conditional execution-An instruction is only executed when a specific.
The document provides an overview of the ARM architecture and Cortex-M3 processor. It discusses ARM Ltd.'s history and business model as an IP licensing company. It then describes the Cortex-M3 microcontroller, including its programmer's model, exception and interrupt handling, pipeline, and instruction sets. Key points are the Cortex-M3's stack-based exception model, 3-stage pipeline, conditional execution support, and AHB/APB system design integration.
1. Topic :
Survey on Mobile
Processors and their
Architectures
Group Members :
Ashutosh Singh Chirag Kothari Ashish Bansal
Jaspreet Singh Pawan Kumar
B.Tech CSE
IIT Roorkee
3. Further Advancements
1992-94 1993 1996
Nokia 1011 BellSouth/IBM Simon Motorola StarTAC
First Ever Mass- Personal Communicator First clamshell cellular phone
Produced GSM The IBM Simon was the
Phone first PDA/Phone combo.
6. ARM – What is it?
• ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machines
• An ARM processor is basically any 16/32bit
microprocessor designed and licensed by ARM Ltd,
a microprocessor design company headquartered
in England, founded in 1990 by Herman Hauser
• A characteristic feature of ARM processors is their
low electric power consumption, which makes
them particularly suitable for use in portable
devices.
• It is one of the most used processors currently on
the market
7. Arm Architectures :
Early Architectures :
V1
• Developed at Acorn, Cambridge, UK. Between October 1983
and April 1985.
• Fewer than 25,000 transistors.
• No multiply or coprocessor instructions.
• 26-bit addressing.
V2
• 30,000 transistors.
• 32-bit multiplier instructions (MUL & MLA).
8. Continued …
v2a
• First ARM with an on-chip cache (ARM3).
V3
• 32-bit addressing.
• Undefined Instruction and Abort modes (allows virtual
memory).
v3M
• Signed and unsigned long multiply and multiply-accumulate
instructions: SMULL, SMLAL,UMULL, UMLAL.
9. Architecture 4
v4
• It is the first architecture to have a full formal definition.
• the oldest supported architecture today. It added:
• Load/store instructions for signed and unsigned
halfwords and bytes.
• LDRH, LDRSH, LDRSB.
• System mode – privileged mode using user registers.
• 26-bit addressing no longer supported.
v4T added:
• Thumb mode.
10. Architecture 5
v5T
• Superset of ARMv4T.
• New instructions: BLX, CLZ and BKPT.
v5TE
• New signal processing instructions.
• New multiply Instructions for DSP (Digital Signal Processing )
: SMULxy , SMLAxy , SMULWy , SMLAWy , SMLALxy.
• Saturated math support: Q flag --
QADD, QSUB, QDADD, QDSUB .
• New PLD memory pre-load hint instruction.
v5TE
• Java acceleration.
11. Architecture 6
V6 :
• Mixed endian data handling: SETEND, REV, REV16, REVSH.
• 60+ new SIMD
instructions: SMUSD, SMUADX, USAD8, USADA8 .
• Unaligned data handling.
• New multiprocessing instructions: LDREX, STREX.
v6T2 :
• Thumb-2 instruction set.
12. Architecture 7
v7A , v7R :
• Dynamic Compiler Support.
• Execution Environment (Thumb-2EE).
• VFP v3 (Vector Floating Point).
• NEON advanced SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data).
• Thumb-2 mandated.
v7M :
• Minimalist variant for embedded uses.
• Thumb-2 only.
• Neon Technology is a 64/128 bit hybrid SIMD architecture
developed by ARM to accelerate the performance of multimedia
and signal processing applications.
• The NEON architecture provides at least 3x the performance
of ARMv5 and 2x the performance of ARMv6 SIMD on a range of
media and DSP applications.
18. TIMELINE :
• Week 1:-Introduction to Early Mobile phones, Introduction to ARM
architecture, ARM architecture Features
• Week 2:-Preference of ARM Processors over other architecture
• Week 3 :- The Basic ARM Architecture
• Week 4 :-Working of Classical ARM Processors and architecture (1)
• Week 5:- Working of Classical ARM Processors and architecture (2)
• Week 6:-Working of Embedded ARM Processors and architecture (1)
• Week 7:-Working of Embedded ARM Processors and architecture (2)
• Week 8-Working of Application ARM Processors and architecture (1)
• Week 9-Working of Application ARM Processors and architecture (2)
• Week 10:-Challenges for current Mobile Processors
• Week 11:-Required features of Microprocessors in accordance with
the need of mobile applications.
• Week 12:-Details of processors other than ARM architecture.
• Week 13:-Summary of project done.
21. Survey On Mobile Processors
Today’s Topic : Fastest Mobile Processors
And Future
Presented by Group-5
22. Fastest Phones: Rank 1
Qualcomm MSM8260 Snapdragon
CPU Instruction Set : ARMv7
CPU : 1.2-1.5 GHz Dual-core
Scorpion
HTC Velocity 4G Vodafone GPU : Adreno 220
Wireless Radio Technology :
Samsung Galaxy S II Skyrocket
GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
More Devices Having
Qualcomm MSM8260 Qualcomm MSM8660 Snapdragon
Samsung Galaxy S Blaze 4G Snapdragon :
Asus Eee Pad Memo,
HTC Amaze 4G,
HTC Evo 3D (GSM),
HTC Sensation,
HTC Sensation XE, LG Optimus LTE SU640
Sony Xperia Ion,
HTC Velocity 4G Sony Xperia S,
T-Mobile myTouch 4G Slide,
HTC Sensation XE (Sensation XE) Samsung Galaxy S II HD LTE
23. Fastest Phones: Rank 1
Qualcomm MSM8260 Snapdragon
CPU - Dual-core 1.5
GHz Scorpion
GPU - Adreno 220 Samsung Galaxy S II LTE
OS - Android OS,
v2.3.4 (Gingerbread)
HTC Amaze 4G
Samsung Galaxy S II T-Mobile (Hercules, SGH-T989)
24. Qualcomm Snapdragon
Snapdragon: family of mobile system on chips(SOCs)
by Qualcomm.
First with 1GHz speed.
Adopted by HD2(Windows),Nexus one, evo 4G.
Qualcomm designed its own CPU Scorpion similar to
the famous ARM Cortex A8 and uses the ARM v7 ISA.
Further One more CPU KRAIT that is even faster has
been designed that can reach speeds even greter
than 1.5 GHz.
Had an advantage over standard ARM A8 in
instruction per clock cycle.
25. Qualcomm Snapdragon
Further Qualcomm divided its products into :
S1 S2 S3 S4(latest)
Next generation of snapdragon powers new device such as
Desire Z , Thunderbolt , Desire HD using smaller 45nm
technology.
Allowed more transistors & performance enhancing tweaks.
26. Qualcomm Snapdragon
• On the GPU side of SoC
– Used AMD-sourced Adreno 200.
• Outperforms Hummingbird in 3D performance.
• Advantage-
– Qualcomm combines GPU & cellular antenna to SoC.
– Allowing phone design to be more compact and a
much simpler choice then using multiple pieces.
29. Fastest Phones : Rank 3
HTC Raider 4G
• Launched:2011, September
• OS: Android OS, v2.3.4
(Gingerbread),
• upgradable to v4.x
• CPU:Dual-core 1.2 GHz
LG Optimus Q2 LU6500
LG Optimus EX SU880
Launched:2011, September
OS: Android OS, v2.3.4 (Gingerbread)
Chipset: Nvidia Tegra 2 AP20H
CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9
30. Fastest Phones : Rank 3
Samsung Galaxy S II 4G
Launched: 2011, July
OS: Android OS, v2.3 (Gingerbread)
Chipset: Exynos
CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9
HTC Sensation
Launched: 2011, April
OS: Android OS, v2.3.4 (Gingerbread),
upgradable to v4.x
Chipset: Qualcomm MSM8260
Snapdragon
CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Scorpion
GPU:
31. Fastest Phones : Rank 3
Samsung I9100 Galaxy S II
Launched: 2011, February
OS: Android OS, v2.3.4
(Gingerbread)
Chipset: Exynos
CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9
GPU: Mali-400MP
32. Hummingbird
• Samsung first introduced their Hummingbird SoC
inside their Galaxy S lineup.
• The Hummingbird uses ARM Cortex-
A8 architecture with the ARMv7 instruction set.
• Samsung used 45 nanometer (nm) manufacturing
tech, which describes the amount of transistors they
can fit onto a single chip.
33. Hummingbird
• While the ARM A8 is the basis of the
chip,Samsung made it their own by carrying
out a large number of modifications with their
partners Intrisity.
• For example: Intrinsity changed the logic
design of the standard A8 which helped in
reducing the number of operations
• Also, the speed of their design was upto 10%
faster than the original ARM technology.
34. Performance
• The upcoming Infuse will feature a 1.2 GHz
Hummingbird.
• Samsung features another advantage: ARM
NEON multimedia extension.
• It had far better hardware video encoding and
decoding, high quality graphics, and better
sound processing.
• In Samsung’s unit the PowerVR SGX540 GPU
was introduced and outclassed its ARM-
based competitors.
35. Performance
• In terms of 3D or anything GPU-intensive, the
Snapdragon really could not compete.
• The Intrinsity-branded Hummingbird was also
what powered the Apple iPhone 4.
36. Motorola MOTO MT870 LG Optimus 2X SU660 Motorola Photon 4G MB855
CPU Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9
GPU ULP GeForce
Rank 4 Motorola MOTO XT882
Motorola ATRIX 4G
Motorola ATRIX
Samsung I9103 Galaxy R
LG Optimus 2X
37. Fastest Phones : Rank 4
Motorola ATRIX 2
CPU Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9
GPU PowerVR SGX540
Apple iPhone 4
CPU 1 GHz Cortex-A8
GPU PowerVR SGX535
38. Fastest Phones : Rank 4
LG Optimus 3D P920
CPU Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9
GPU PowerVR SGX540
Dell Venue
CPU 1 GHz Scorpion
GPU Adreno 200
39. Cortex A9
• The Cortex-A9 processor is a high-
performance, low-power, ARM macrocell with
an L1 cache subsystem that provides full
virtual memory capabilities.
• It implements the ARMv7 architecture and
runs 32-bit ARM instructions,16-bit and 32-bit
Thumb instructions.
• It also supports 8-bit Java bytecodes in Jazelle
state.
40. Key Features
• Speculative, Superscalar execution pipeline
giving 2.50DMIPS/Mhz/core .
• Neon SIMD instruction set extension
performing up to 16 operations per
instruction (optional).
• High performance VFPv3 floating point unit
doubling the performance of previous ARM
FPUs
41. Key Features
• Thumb-2 instruction set encoding.
• Trustzone security extensions.
• Jazelle DBX support for Java execution.
• Program trace macrocell and coresight design
kit for unobtrusive tracing of instruction
execution.
• L2 cache controller (0-4 MB).
42. Cortex A9 MPCore
• The ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore is a 32-bit
multicore processor providing up to 4 cache
coherent Cortex-A9 cores, each implementing
the ARM.
• There are only two recent ARM architectures
that have multicore support: the ARM11 and
the ARM Cortex A9.
• The A8 doesn't come in a multicore variant
44. Implementations
• Several SoC devices implement the Cortex-A9
core including:
Altera SoC FPGA
TRIDENT Microsystems
Texas Instruments OMAP4 Processors
ST-Ericsson Nova A9500
Sony play station Vita
Xilinx Extensible Processing platform
45. Fastest Mobile SoC: Nvidia Tegra
Its SoC used
tweaked dual
ARM Cortex-
Tegra-2:-First A9 cores.
Tegra-1:- Just dual core Clock
short of SoC(System Frequency-
Disaster on chip) in 1 GHz.
market.
Uses ARMv7
instruction set.
48. Performance
Processor Support upto
12MP sensors,auto white
Tegra 2 has an ARM7
balance, auto focus and
processor that is used for
general video processing on
chip management.
either a still picture or a
video stream.
It handles dataflow, power
management and other
similar tasks.
49. Performance
Just Difference
is:-
GPU in Tegra • Improved
2 has same efficiency.
• More Memory
architecture Bandwidth.
as Tegra 1. • Higher clock rate.
51. What to Expect in 2012 ?
The Answer is “Quad-Core Phones”
o One of the big mobile buzzwords of 2011 was
“Dual-Core”.
o Dual-Core processors became the standard for
high-end smartphones, starting with the LG
Optimus 2X .
o In 2012, however, it is all about quad-core.
o But other than having double the cores of this
year’s smart phones, what do quad-cores mean
for the smart phones of 2012?
52. The State of Multicore Processors
o Nvidia :
• Was the first to bring dual-core processing to mobile with the
LG Optimus 2X, which debuted at the beginning of 2011 with
the Tegra 2 chip.
• Is blazing the multicore trail again with the release of the Asus
Eee Pad Transformer Prime TF201 tablet which is also the first
device with 1.3 GHz Tegra 3 quad cores .
For now, it’s the only quad-core device on the market.
The Transformer earned high praise for its stunning
graphics and zippy performance.
• Future :
It has said that Nvidia is working with a number of device
makers on Tegra 3-powered phones, but can’t reveal who they
are due to nondisclosure agreements. Quad-core phones are
“on track”, however, for 2012.
• The rumored HTC Edge will supposedly be the world’s first
quad-core smartphone, running the Tegra 3 chip. Mobile news
site “PocketNow” was first to claims to have exclusive images
as well as a spec sheet.
53. The State of Multicore Processors
o Qualcomm :
• Stated that its quad-core Snapdragon chip, the APQ064, will join its
S4 line of products.
• Based on ARM architecture, the S4 chips will run at clock speeds
upto 2.5GHz.
• Qualcomm’s Vice President of Product Management Raj Talluri,
confirmed that the first phones with quad-core Snapdragon
chips will ship in 2012.
o TI (Texas Instruments ): Raj Talluri
• Unlike Nvidia and Qualcomm, chipset manufacturer TI isn’t putting
a number on its OMAP processor. Rather than calling them dual-
core or quad-core, TI refers to them as “Multicore”.
• Latest system-on-a-chip is the OMAP 5 by TI.
• The company didn’t give any exact benchmarks, but maintains that
the OMAP 5 produces speeds competitive with Nvidia’s quad-core
processor.
54. The State of Multicore Processors
o Samsung:
• Its phones and tablets have used both Snapdragon and Tegra
chipsets, but the manufacturer’s semiconductor division is hard at
work on the next generation of its own Exynos line of systems-on-
a-chip.
• The next one, the Exynos 5250, isn’t quad-core, however; it is a
dual-core ARM Cortex-A15 processor.
• Like TI, Samsung seems to be confident that the Exynos 5250 can
produce benchmarks and performance competitive with a quad-
core processor.
55. The More the Cores, the Better?
o According to Nvidia :
• quad-core processors improve performance during multitasking as well as the performance
of multithreaded applications.
• quad-core processor will bring to your phone a level of performance comparable to that of a
desktop computer.
• Nick Stam (Director of technical marketing at Nvidia) :
“People are going to consider their phones as their primary computer”
“Phones with a quad-core processor are really full computers that can replace
many functions of laptops or desktop computers. It is a level of performance
that truly does rival a desktop processor.”
o According to Qualcomm :
• It expects users will see the power of quad-core in the multitasking speed. The speed in
which you switch between open applications will be much faster than that of a dual-core
phone.
• Gaming, of course, is the popular example. Quad-core processors support multithreaded
applications, meaning an app that runs multiple processes at once, like a game. Therefore,
Gameplay on a phone that can support these simultaneous processes is much more fluid
and snappier with higher-quality graphics.
• Imaging softwares can stitch together multiple photos much faster than a single or dual-
core phone.
56. Battery Life: What’s at Stake?
o Shortened battery life is the thorn in the side of smartphone innovation.
Smartphone batteries can’t seem to hold up as processors get more powerful
and networks become faster.
o But Nvidia says that quad-core processors are actually easier on battery life
than single or dual-core chips.
o With the Tegra 3 :
• The processes are distributed across the multiple cores, and therefore a
quad-core phone consumes less power than a dual-core phone.
• Have a fifth “companion core” that is built using a special lower-power-
silicon process. This companion core handles tasks at a lower frequency
for active standby mode, music playback, and video playback.
o Qualcomm’s quad-core chips will be able to run simultaneously at different
clock frequencies and at different voltages.
59. Survey On Mobile Phone
Processors
Today’s Topic: Fastest Graphics
Processing Units (GPU)
60. What is a GPU?
• A Graphics Processing Unit is a co-
processor that takes on graphical
calculations and transformations
so that the main CPU does not
have to be burdened by them.
• The use of a GPU can greatly
increase the performance of a
device, especially when used for
tasks such as 3D gaming.
• A GPU can be a stand-alone chip
or, as is more often the case,
integrated into a complete chip
design that includes one or more
CPU cores.
65. More in ARM Mali GPUS - Now
• Mali-300
– High Definition (HD) user
interfaces
– Integrated 8KB L2 cache
– Chipsets : Spreadtrum
SC8810, SC6820
• Mali-200
– World’s most licensed
OpenGL ES 2.0 core
– 1st OpenGL ES 2.0
conformant GPU at 1080p
– No Cache
– Chipsets : Telechips TCC8803,
TCC8902 , STMicroelectronic
SPEAr1340
66. Mali GPUS - Future
• Mali-T604
– Innovative GPU architecture
• Tri-pipe –for performance and flexibility
– Up to 5x Mali-400 MP performance
– Scalable up to 4 cores
– L-2 cache size : 256 KiB
– Anti Aliasing
– Dynamic power management
– OS support : Linux, Android, Windows
Phone OS.
– Chipsets : Samsung Exynos 5250
67. ARM Mali GPUS - Future
• Mali-T658
– Midgard architecture
– 3D graphics
– Multi core with 8 cores
– 2 L2 caches : size
256KiB
– Upto 10X graphic
performance
compared to Mali-400
MP
69. For Game Developers
GeForce GPU Architecture:-
• The Tegra 2 system-on-a-chip (SoC)
features an ultra-low power (ULP)
GeForce GPU .
• An Architecture similar to that of
desktop GeForce GPUs.
• Reduces power consumption.
• Increases Graphics Quality.
70. Features…
• The mobile GeForce GPU processing pipeline is similar
to the one defined by the OpenGL 2.0 specifications.
• Has unique optimizations that enable it to deliver
performance of a pipelined GPU architecture while
keeping the mobile power requirements in mind.
• It included eight cores (four pixel shader cores and four
vertex shader cores).
• They also implemented a unique and proprietary
Anisotropic Filtering (AF) algorithm for improved
texture quality (up to 16x AF).
73. Additional Special Features
• Early-Z support to filter out non-visible pixels.
• Integrated Pixel Shader and Blend Unit for programming flexibility and
higher performance.
• Pixel Cache, Texture cache, Vertex, and Attribute Caches to reduce
memory transactions.
• Unique 5x Coverage Sampling Anti-aliasing (CSAA) technique that
achieves higher image quality at lower memory bandwidth.
• Advanced Anisotropic Filtering (AF) for high detail textures.
• A custom Memory Controller developed in-house that improves GPU
performance and reduces power consumption.
• Numerous Power Management features for ultra low power
consumptions.
• Tegra 2 is well equipped to handle hardware accelerated, touch-based
user interfaces when the Android OS adopts GPU-based UI rendering.
74. • Usually slower than PowerVR SGX Series 5.
• But in several Game Scenarios it is found that GeForce
GPU is 25-50% faster than PowerVR series 5.
• Hardware accelerated Adobe Flash:-NVIDIA worked
closely with Adobe to offload the Flash processing from
the CPU core and do nearly all the rendering on the
GPU core.
• This reduces the amount of power consumed and
greatly increases the overall performance because the
CPU is freed up to handle other tasks.
• In the popular Flash benchmark GUIMark2, NVIDIA
found that hardware accelerated Flash improved
performance 2x to 3x over competing devices that use
the CPU to process Flash content.
78. GOFORCE 5500
•Launched by Nvidia
•Multimedia Graphic Processor
•Decode Video and Audio Formats
•Supports H.264
•24-bit 64-voice Sound processor
79. Features
True, Fluid Digital TV Console-Class 3D Gaming
High-Fidelty Surround Sound
Sharp, Vivid Photos Less Battery Usage
80. True, Fluid Digital TV
• The industry’s first handheld GPU to playback
H.264, WMV9 and MPEG-4 video up
to D1 resolution at 30 frames per second (fps).
• Compatible with major mobile TV standards
including DVB-H, ISDB-T and DMB
networks
81. Console-Class 3D Gaming
• Experience console class games, like Quake III
Arena, at unrivalled speeds on a
handheld device.
• 3X the performance of the previous
generation 2.
82. High-Fidelty Surround Sound
• The industry?s first handheld surround sound
processor to deliver an immersive audio
experience in the palm of your hand.
• Crossfade and multistream technologies help
to prevent annoying breaks between
songs and music cut out when the ringtone is
activated.
83. Sharp, Vivid Photos
• Rapid multi-shot capabilities so you never
miss that photo.
• Support for up to 10 megapixel resolution.
85. PowerVR
• Develops hardware and software for 2D and
3D rendering, and for video encoding,
decoding, associated image processing.
• With introduction of OpenGL and Direct3D
small players like PowerVR were pushed from
market.
• It responded by developing a series of designs
that could be incorporated into system-on-a-
chip architectures suitable for handheld
device use. E.g. Smartphones, palmtops etc.
86. PowerVR Series
Following chipsets were introduced under
PowerVR series:
• Series 1 (Micro)
• Series 2 (Micro)
• Series 3 (STMicro)
• Series 4 (STMicro)
• MBX
• Series 5 (SGX)
• Series 5XT(SGXMP)
• Series 6 (Rogue)
87. Samsung Galaxy S
Samsung Captivate
These are some phones which
use PowerVR SGX 540.
Samsung Facinate Samsung Nexus S
88. Features of SGX Series 5
• Most comprehensive IP core family in
industry.
• Shader driven-Tile bases deffered architecture
(TBDR).
• Fully programmable GPU using unique USSE
architecture.
• Supports all industries standard mobile and
desktop graphics API and OS.
• Fully backward compatible with PowerVR MBX
89. Benefits of SGX Series 5
• Low risk solution for all embedded graphics
applications.
• Shader-based architecture enables near photo
realistic image quality.
• Lowest power consumption and silicon
footprint.
• Low host CPU and memory system bandwidth
load.
• Enables 2D, 3D and general purpose (GP-GPU)
processing in a single core.
90. Supported APIs and OS
APIs
• OpenGL ES 2.0
• OpenVG 1.1
• OpenCL 1.1
• OpenWF
OS support
• Symbian,android and linux
93. Adreno Graphics Processing Units
• All the phones from HTC, Samsung, LG that have
Qualcomm Snapdragon processors include the
integrated, custom-built Adreno GPU.
• The power of the Adreno GPU allows developers to
bring console and PC quality 3D games to mobile
devices.
• Qualcomm's Adreno graphics solution helps put the
power in your hands, allowing you to make the most
of your 2D and 3D games across wide array of
devices from high-end smartphones and tablets to
feature phones.
94. Adreno Graphics Processing Units
• Optimized for faster frame rates, smoother rendering
and longer battery life.
• Designed for everything from 3D rendering to high-
end effects, Adreno GPUs deliver the graphics power
needed for the next generation of games and user
experiences
• Adreno has many versions : Adreno 130, Adreno 200,
Adreno 205, Adreno 220.
95. Adreno 130 GPU
• Included in certain Snapdragon S1 chipsets, the Adreno
130 GPU features complete hardware support for 3D
graphics and the APIs needed to deliver industry leading
games and engaging UIs on feature phones.
• Fixed function graphics pipeline.
• Enables concurrent CPU, DSP, graphics, and MDP.
• Supported APIs:
OpenGL ES 1.1
OpenVG 1.1
EGL 1.3
Direct3D Mobile
96. Adreno 200 GPU
• Available in certain Snapdragon S1 chipsets, the Adreno
200 GPU features a flexible, unified shader architecture
that allocates only the units necessary for enhanced
processing.
• First OpenGL ES 2.0 graphics processing unit with
programmable Function Pipeline
• Concurrent CPU, DSP, graphics, and MDP
• Streaming textures that can combine video, camera, SVG
and other image surfaces with 3D graphics
• Awailable in S1 chipsets like QSD8x50 with 1GHz CPU
and MSM7x27 with 600MHz A11
97. Adreno 200 GPU
• Supported APIs:
OpenGL ES 2.0
OpenVG 1.1
EGL 1.3
DirectDraw
Direct3D Mobile
98. Adreno 205 GPU
• Available in the Snapdragon S2 chipset, the Adreno 205
GPU features dedicated 2D OpenVG graphics hardware,
3D hardware for faster, smoother and more efficient 2D
rendering, greatly enhanced 2D plus 3D concurrency – all
while providing lower power utilization.
• More than twice the graphics performance of the Adreno
200 GPU
• Streaming textures that can combine video, camera, SVG
and other image surfaces with 3D graphics
• Supported APIs(extra):
GDI
SVGT 1.2
99. Adreno 220 GPU
• Available in the Snapdragon S3 chipset, the Adreno 220
GPU features an enhanced level of 3D graphics
performance, allowing for high-end, immersive gaming
experiences previously limited to PCs and game consoles.
• More than five times the graphics performance of the
Adreno 200 GPU
• Concurrent CPU, DSP, graphics, and MDP
• Streaming textures that can combine video, camera, SVG
and other image surfaces with 3D graphics
• Supported APIs:
(Same as Adreno 200)
100.
101. HTC Desire HD
HTC G2 LG Optimus LTE LU6200
HTC Desire Z Galaxy S II Skyrocket