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Supporting Transitions from AP to Post-16
- 1. Supporting Transitions| 20th March 2023 michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Supporting the transition from AP to Post-16
- 2. Practitioner Senior Leader at Blackpool's Pupil Referral Unit (PRU) Physical and Mental Health Needs, Home & Hospital Provision Permanent Exclusions & Respite Pastoral leadership & Safeguarding Speaker & Author The Head of Year’s Handbook IncludEd Conference Schools and Academies Show Academic Journals UK Government commissions Doctoral researcher Doctorate in Education at University of Chester Research focusing on the role government policy plays on inclusion within the education system 2 Mike Power
- 3. The Context michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Context How are students arriving with you?
- 4. The Context michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 10% Increase in the number of children in alternative provision in the last academic year 4% Increase in the number of children in specialist provisions in the last academic year Increased level of need all around!
- 5. The Context michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Graphic courtesy of The Difference
- 6. But who are they? michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Alex • Permanently excluded five years ago • Previous CP Plan • Parental substance misuse • Learning need – not picked up in mainstream • SLC Needs – Interactions with peers Katie • Permanently excluded in year four years ago • Very explosive behaviours including assaulting staff • Historic abuse • Very able, but also very dysregulated Josie • Never attended a mainstream school in the UK • Looked after child • Came to UK 2 years ago • Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes & incontinence • Long period of calm but can have significant angry outbursts at key staff *Names are chosen at random and stories have been altered to ensure anonymity.
- 7. Pathways through a PRU michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Re-integration / Next Steps Reintegration to home school Managed move to new mainstream school Move to AP or specialist provision Post-16 Provision Re-engagement Pathway Medical home tuition 1-1 tuition in centre SEND assessment Progression plan Focus on core skills Development Pathway 1-1 or small group tuition SEND Assessment Progression Plans Focus on core skills Therapeutic interventions Standard Group Pathway Small group tuition SEND Assessment Wider curriculum model Therapeutic interventions Arrival at PRU • Perm Ex • New to Area • SEND Assessment • At risk of exclusion • Significant physical or mental health need (Dual Reg)
- 8. Life within a PRU michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Multi- Agency Approach An example daily routine
- 9. Transition Vs Induction michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Transition Vs Induction Lets call it what it is!
- 10. Transition Vs Induction michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Induction Transition Coherent learning and progression
- 11. Transition Vs Induction michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91
- 12. Relationships – A ‘squishy’ idea michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Relationships A ‘squishy’ idea
- 13. Relationships – A ‘squishy’ idea michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 “The relationship is everything” (Young, 1999. p.62) “At the heart of being a great head of year is an ability to build positive relationships with pupils, staff and other stakeholders.” (Power, 2020. p.3)
- 14. Relationships – A ‘squishy’ idea michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 • Empathy • Giving time • Understanding • Consistency • Respect • Smile at everybody • Give out prizes • Call everyone ‘mate’ • Join in TikTok Dances • Bend the rules
- 15. The culture of interventions michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 The culture of interventions Moving from a culture of intervention to a culture of inclusion
- 16. The culture of interventions michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Findings from research • There is a ‘culture of interventions’ within education • All reactive • Monetary and resource cost • Almost completely born from ‘performativity’ (Ball, 2003)
- 17. The culture of interventions michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 When we intervene we often exclude
- 18. The culture of interventions michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Moving from a culture of intervention to a culture of inclusion
- 19. The culture of inclusion michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 ● Children's learning is understood developmentally ● The classroom offers a safe base ● The importance of nurture for the development of wellbeing ● Language is a vital means of communication ● All behaviour is communication ● The importance of transition in children's lives ● Taken from the six principles of nurture - Eva Holmes and Eve Boyd (1999)
- 20. The culture of inclusion michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91
- 21. Behaviour is communication michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Behaviour is communication All behaviour, all the time
- 22. Behaviour is communication michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91
- 23. Behaviour is communication michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 • 81% of children with emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) have significant unidentified communication needs. • 57% of children with diagnosed language deficits are identified with EBD. • In a study of pupils at risk of exclusion from school, two thirds were found to have SLCN. • Excluded boys had significantly poorer expressive language skills than their peers who had not been excluded from school; many of their difficulties had not previously been identified. • More than 60% of young people who are accessing youth justice services present with SLCN which are largely unrecognised. • Children with persistent and severe conduct problems are about three times more likely to have low verbal ability than children with a low risk of conduct problems. Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
- 24. Behaviour is communication michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91
- 25. Unconditional Positive Regard michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Unconditional positive regard The experience of being treated with warmth, respect, acceptance and love regardless of their own feelings, attitudes, and behaviours.
- 26. Barriers to unconditional Positive Regard michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Unconscious bias – making unconscious judgements based on our past experiences and beliefs. Negativity bias – Humans tend to focus more on negative events. Confirmation bias – searching for or interpreting behaviours that confirm your prior beliefs about a child Anchoring – We rely on one piece of information too heavily Our biases can make unconditional positive regard conditional.
- 27. Unconditional Positive Regard michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Keeping it unconditional: Supervision where you are open to discussing what barriers you may have to unconditional positive regard Journaling so you can better understand your own biases towards certain incidents or students Remove the shame – you are human and so are they!
- 28. High Challenge, Low Threat michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 High Challenge, Low Threat Remembering the ability to challenge comes with trust.
- 29. High Challenge, Low Threat michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91
- 30. High Challenge, Low Threat michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91
- 31. High Challenge, Low Threat michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 High Challenge • Setting courageous goals • Moving individuals out of their comfort zones and into stretch • Asking for innovation and risk-taking • Insist on greater levels of trust / challenge poor behaviours • Asking what the real challenge is when an individual presents a problem • Do something that has not been attempted before Low Threat (High Support) • Increase collaboration • Provide mentoring or coaching • Realigning deadlines in some areas • Training (Skills rather than knowledge) • Listening /Empathy • Setting boundaries • Reduce / Increase contact time • Provide additional resources
- 32. A Graduated Approach – More that SEND
- 33. Final Thoughts – How to support students from AP michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 ● Relationships are not ‘squishy’ they are essential ● Create a culture of inclusion over intervention ● ALL behaviour is communication ● High challenge, Low Threat ● Unconditional Positive Regard
- 34. Supporting Transitions| 20th March 2023 michaelpower.org.uk @MikePower_91 Thank you!