The document discusses pension fund supervision and risk-based supervision. It defines supervision as the oversight and enforcement of compliance with pension fund rules and regulations. Risk-based supervision focuses on identifying potential risks to pension funds and assessing factors that mitigate risks. This allows supervisors to direct resources towards the greatest risks. The document outlines challenges to implementing risk-based supervision and provides lessons learned from other countries. It also describes the IOPS principles of pension supervision and risk scoring models used in risk-based supervision.
201310 Risk Aggregation and Reporting. More than Just a Data IssueFrancisco Calzado
Many banks feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of regulation that is coming their way. It is not surprising, therefore, that when the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) consultative paper, “Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting” was published in June 2012 it raised a number of concerns
Accelerating the Transition towards Sustainable InvestingAlok Nanda
Strategic Options for Investors, Corporations and other Key Stakeholders - A World Economic Forum White Paper
Institute: XIMB
Course: SBM
Faculty: Prof. Sutapa Pati
201310 Risk Aggregation and Reporting. More than Just a Data IssueFrancisco Calzado
Many banks feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of regulation that is coming their way. It is not surprising, therefore, that when the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) consultative paper, “Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting” was published in June 2012 it raised a number of concerns
Accelerating the Transition towards Sustainable InvestingAlok Nanda
Strategic Options for Investors, Corporations and other Key Stakeholders - A World Economic Forum White Paper
Institute: XIMB
Course: SBM
Faculty: Prof. Sutapa Pati
201502 accenture automatic exchange of information regime an emerging compl...Francisco Calzado
publicación acerca de la norma internacional sobre el intercambio automático de información, elaborada por la OCDE junto con el G20 y la colaboración de la Unión Europea.
Este informe pone de manifiesto los nuevos retos en materia regulatoria a los que se enfrentan las entidades financieras tras la adopción de la norma, con especial foco en el impacto que supondrá el cumplimiento de los requerimientos exigidos por el CRS.
Presentation from the webinar "State-Owned Enterprises & Professional Accountancy Organizations in PFM Reform: Recovery Post COVID-19" (August 11, 2021).
From complex coding requirements to strict patient referral rules, physicians are scrambling to avoid entanglements in a broad net of federal, state, and commercial payer requirements. Get ideas on how you can help protect your practice.
For more resources and information:
http://sites.mckesson.com/practiceconsulting/kc_coding.htm
Presentation Makes the Case for Enterprise Risk ManagementPYA, P.C.
PYA Principal David McMillan recently co-presented “Enterprise Risk Management” at the Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education 15th Annual Hospital & Health Law Conference.
2020, the latest developments in Environment, Social and Governance investingnetwealthInvest
In this presentation, we discuss current ESG themes, including regulatory changes and key environmental, social and governance factors that investors need to understand in 2020.
Financial regulators have issued an advisory to remind institutions to remind institutions of supervisory expectations regarding sound practices for managing interest rate risk. BankRisk from TriNovus can assisit financial institutions with this requirement. www.trinovus.com
Changes to Basel Regulation Post 2008 CrisisIshan Jain
Subprime crisis
Basel Committee objectives and history
Pillars of Basel 2 and Basel 3
Basel 3 Capital Requirements
capital Rations
Capital Buffers
Leverage Ratios
Global Liquidity Standards
macroeconomic factors
Value at Risk
Expected Shortfall
PYA Principal Shannon Sumner co-presented “Enterprise Risk Management” at the HCCA Board Audit Committee Compliance Conference, February 27-28, 2017, in Scottsdale, Arizona.
The presentation covered:
The role of the governing Board of an organization in enterprise risk management (ERM)
Effective ERM in today’s healthcare setting
When ERM fails: “The perfect storm”
This seminar focused on the health and care sector. Including a topical update on four key areas:-
- charity governance
- employment - whistle-blowing, safeguarding, sleep-ins
- regulatory - when the inspector calls, CQC/H&S/controlled medicines
- commissioning - contracts and GDPR.
For further information and training visit our website - https://www.brownejacobson.com/health
201502 accenture automatic exchange of information regime an emerging compl...Francisco Calzado
publicación acerca de la norma internacional sobre el intercambio automático de información, elaborada por la OCDE junto con el G20 y la colaboración de la Unión Europea.
Este informe pone de manifiesto los nuevos retos en materia regulatoria a los que se enfrentan las entidades financieras tras la adopción de la norma, con especial foco en el impacto que supondrá el cumplimiento de los requerimientos exigidos por el CRS.
Presentation from the webinar "State-Owned Enterprises & Professional Accountancy Organizations in PFM Reform: Recovery Post COVID-19" (August 11, 2021).
From complex coding requirements to strict patient referral rules, physicians are scrambling to avoid entanglements in a broad net of federal, state, and commercial payer requirements. Get ideas on how you can help protect your practice.
For more resources and information:
http://sites.mckesson.com/practiceconsulting/kc_coding.htm
Presentation Makes the Case for Enterprise Risk ManagementPYA, P.C.
PYA Principal David McMillan recently co-presented “Enterprise Risk Management” at the Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education 15th Annual Hospital & Health Law Conference.
2020, the latest developments in Environment, Social and Governance investingnetwealthInvest
In this presentation, we discuss current ESG themes, including regulatory changes and key environmental, social and governance factors that investors need to understand in 2020.
Financial regulators have issued an advisory to remind institutions to remind institutions of supervisory expectations regarding sound practices for managing interest rate risk. BankRisk from TriNovus can assisit financial institutions with this requirement. www.trinovus.com
Changes to Basel Regulation Post 2008 CrisisIshan Jain
Subprime crisis
Basel Committee objectives and history
Pillars of Basel 2 and Basel 3
Basel 3 Capital Requirements
capital Rations
Capital Buffers
Leverage Ratios
Global Liquidity Standards
macroeconomic factors
Value at Risk
Expected Shortfall
PYA Principal Shannon Sumner co-presented “Enterprise Risk Management” at the HCCA Board Audit Committee Compliance Conference, February 27-28, 2017, in Scottsdale, Arizona.
The presentation covered:
The role of the governing Board of an organization in enterprise risk management (ERM)
Effective ERM in today’s healthcare setting
When ERM fails: “The perfect storm”
This seminar focused on the health and care sector. Including a topical update on four key areas:-
- charity governance
- employment - whistle-blowing, safeguarding, sleep-ins
- regulatory - when the inspector calls, CQC/H&S/controlled medicines
- commissioning - contracts and GDPR.
For further information and training visit our website - https://www.brownejacobson.com/health
This seminar focused on the health and care sector. Including a topical update on four key areas:-
- charity governance
- employment - whistle-blowing, safeguarding, sleep-ins
- regulatory - when the inspector calls, CQC/H&S/controlled medicines
- commissioning - contracts and GDPR.
For further information and training visit our website - https://www.brownejacobson.com/health
Uncovering Best Practices from Corporate Integrity AgreementsMD Ranger, Inc.
A CIA is a tool used by the OIG to address violations at healthcare organizations through policies and procedures designed to enforce compliance with regulations. A CIA is usually coupled with a civil settlement between the provider and the government to avoid exclusion from federal health programs.
In this presentation, we will discuss how to use recent CIAs to derive best practices that can benefit your organization.
We will cover:
-Common guidelines found in multiple CIAs
-Best practices from CIAs for specific types of healthcare entities
-Easy ways to improve your physician contracting compliance
-And more!
From Bolt-on to Built-inManaging Risk as an Integral Part of Managing an Organization
New Horizons in Corporate Risk Management April 5, 2016 Moscow, Russia
Vincent Tophoff, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
The Importance of Internal Controls in Fraud Prevention Rea & Associates
Presentation made by Ohio Accounting Firm, Rea & Associates, on the how strong internal controls can help Ohio companies deter fraud in the workplace. Special attention is given to the 5 components of internal controls and how to diffuse the traingle of fraud.
Strategy, budgetary planning and expenditure managementTonderayi Chikanda
Explore how enhancing your strategic planning skills, budgetary planning and expenditure management can significantly transform your organization's effectiveness, efficiency and excellence.
This presentation by Anna Pisarkiewicz (Research Fellow, EUI Centre for a Digital Society) was made during a discussion on Remedies and commitments in abuse cases at the 21st meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 2 December 2022. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at https://oe.cd/rcac.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Education law conferences, March 2018, Workshop 3B - Safeguarding and OfstedBrowne Jacobson LLP
The workshop looks at understanding what guidance and Ofsted requires, how to evidence it and providing high quality outcomes-based training and safeguarding updates to track weaknesses and knowledge gaps.
Similar to Pensions Core Course 2013: Pension Supervision - Global Capital Markets Non-bank Financial Institutions (20)
While continuing the World Bank’s commitment to help countries reach the education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the new Education Strategy 2020 focuses on the goal of Learning for All. Learning for All means giving all people equitable opportunities to acquire the knowledge and skills they need to have healthy and satisfying lives, to be good citizens, and to be productive
contributors to their countries’ economic development.
The World Bank invited attendees of Women Deliver 2013 to join a conversation about using Results-Based Financing (RBF) approaches to improve access to health services and health outcomes for mothers, newborns and children in developing countries. The Health Results Innovation Trust Fund (HRITF) presented promising data that is starting to come in from its portfolio of RBF programs.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit RatingsShaheen Kumar
CRISIL evaluates lenders in India by analyzing financial performance, loan portfolio quality, risk management practices, capital adequacy, market position, and adherence to regulatory requirements. This comprehensive assessment ensures a thorough evaluation of creditworthiness and financial strength. Each criterion is meticulously examined to provide credible and reliable ratings.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
2. What is Supervision?
• Regulation = legal foundations and system of rules and
regulations governing the Structure and operation of pension
funds
• Supervision = oversight and enforcement of compliance with the
rules
• May occur within the same organisation and in some cases
simultaneously
2
3. Theoretical Basis for Supervision
• Market imperfections and failures
• Asymmetrical information
• Moral hazard
• Consumer myopia
• Competition and efficiency
3
4. Why is Pension Supervision Important?
• Pension supervision focuses on protecting the interests of pension fund
members and beneficiaries, by promoting the stability, security and
good governance of pension funds.
• Pension supervision involves the oversight of pension institutions and
the enforcement of and promotion of adherence to compliance with
regulation relating to the structure and operation of pension funds and
plans, with the goal of promoting a well functioning pensions sector.
• In addition, achieving stability within the pension sector is an important
part of securing the stability of the financial system as whole (as
investments made by pension funds have a major impact on the real
economy in many countries).
4
5. What is distinctive about Pensions?
• High vulnerability leads to low risk tolerance
• Greater share of average member wealth
• Less sophisticated clientele- lower income and less educated
• Mandates and limited choices by consumers
• Higher public fiscal expenditure
• Complex legal and regulatory structure
5
6. 6
Elements of Supervision
Control of Licensing Pension Companies
–Fund Managers and Trustees
–Custodians, Actuaries and other Service
-Providers
Monitoring –Financial Reporting and Auditing
–Actuarial Reviews
–On-Site Reviews and Investigations
–Receiving Complaints & “Whistleblowers
Measurement –Comparison to Normative Standards
–Risk Scoring and Evaluation
Communication Disclosure
–Outreach and Education
–Training
Intervention –Notification of Violations
–Directive Actions
–Negotiated Resolutions
Correction - Punitive
–Remedial
–Compensatory
9. IOPS Principles
Principle 1: Objective National Laws should assign clear and explicit
objectives to pension supervisory authorities
Principle 2: Independence Pension supervisory authorities should have
operational independence
Principle 3: Adequate Resources Pension supervisory authorities
require adequate financial, human and other resources
Principle 4: Adequate Powers Pension Supervisory authorities should be
endowed with the necessary investigatory and enforcement power to
fulfil functions and achieve their objectives
Principle 5: Risk Orientation Pension supervision should seek to
mitigate the greatest potential risks to the pension system
9
10. IOPS Principles
Principle 6: Proportionality + Consistency Pension supervisory authorities
should ensure that investigatory and enforcement requirements are
proportional to the risks being mitigated and that their actions are consistent
Principle 7:Consultation + Cooperation Pension supervisory authorities
should consult with the bodies they are overseeing and cooperate with
other supervisory authorities
Principle 8: Confidentiality Pension supervisory authorities should treat
confidential information appropriately
Principle 9: Transparency Pension supervisory authorities should
conduct their operations in a transparent manner
Principle 10: Governance The supervisory authority should adhere to its own
governance code and should be accountable
10
11. IOPS Principles Assessment Methodology
Provides a structured framework for assessing the extent to which a
pension supervisory authority complies with the spirit and the letter
of the Principles
Can be used for external or self-assessment
Also indicates types of evidence that may help to answer questions
Compliance rated as:
• Full implemented – IOPS Principle is implemented in all material
respects
• Broadly implemented- IOPS Principle is implemented in all but one or
two material respects and the exceptions do not detract from the
overall opinion. It should be possible to say something positive about
compliance in answer to nearly every question
• Partially implemented – while a negative answer is given to some
questions, the response to the majority of questions is consistent
with compliance
• Not implemented - there are major shortcomings against the Principle
11
12. Principle 9 Transparency – Assessment Questions
• Does the supervisory authority publish its rules and procedures?
• Is the supervisory authority subject to appropriate audit and
reporting requirements (that do not compromise its
independence)?
• Does the supervisory authority publish an Annual Report explaining
how it has (or has not) met its objectives?
• Does the supervisory authority explain to individual supervised
entities why it has taken particular action?
12
15. ‘Seven Deadly Sins of Supervision’
15
1. Structure – lack of independence /opaque appointments/ poor governance/
lack power
2. Staff - insufficient numbers/ poorly paid/ poorly trained/ little guidance material
3. Style - Risk vs. Rules based
4. Statistics – offsite reviews?/ separate unit?/ how much information?/ what to
analyse (x summarize)/ trends/ finding relevant peer group/ means what?
5. Scope – what determines inspection cycle?/ full or partial inspections?/ who
sets the scope/ what is it based on (offsite analysis/ previous review/ industry
gossip/ media)?
6. Significance – report significant matters – not a list of minor transgressions/
require reports to be discussed at Board level/ require a response and plan of
action
7. Staying the distance – if it is significant enough to report, it is worth pursuing/
allow reasonable time for response/ written response from the Board not the
management/ if action plans have time lines in them, follow up on the date the
activity is meant to be completed / arrange for follow inspection not wait till the
next routine inspection
RUN TONY VIDEO
16. What is Risk-based Supervision
16
A structured approach focusing identifying potential risks faced by pension
funds and assessing the financial and operational factors in place
mitigate those risks. This process then allows the supervisory authority
to direct its resources towards the issues and institutions which pose the
greatest threat.
Can be applied in many different ways
• quantitative measures of risk vs. qualitative judgement of risk management
• risk-scores for each entity vs. analysis of risks systemic to pension system
• identify weak areas within a supervised entity vs. which institutions amongst
thousands may pose the greatest threat
Elements common to all RBS systems
• Determine objectives of supervisory authority + greatest risks to these
• Assess hazard or adverse events + likelihood of these occurring
• Assign scores and / or ranks to firms or activities based on assessments
• Link supervisory response to the risk scores assigned
19. Risk-based Supervision DB vs. DC
19
RBS DB
• Focus on sponsor
• Solvency + funding issues key
• Use of quantitative measurement
tools
RBS DC
• Focus on Individual Members
• Focus on Risk-management
systems
• Qualitative measurement more
appropriate
20. Why adopt Risk-based Supervision?
• To improve supervisory effectiveness and efficiency
• To address internal organisational concerns
• To adapt to changes in the overseen industry
• To gain legitimacy following supervisory failure
• To meet requirements imposed by legislation
• To adapt to the changing nature of financial risks themselves, as these
become more complex and - with the growth of DC pension systems -
are increasingly transferred to individuals
20
21. Challenges to Introducing Risk-based Supervision
• Combining simplicity with complexity
• Knowledge and data
• Ensuring that assessments of firms are forward looking
• Going beyond the individual firm in assessing risk
• Structure and operation of internal risk governance processes
• Changing the culture to embed the risk based approach across the
whole organization
• Managing blame
• Making resources follow risks
21
23. Lessons Learnt
Adaptation of Models - consult widely but build own/ flexibility, upgrades, pilot test
Application of Models – know weaknesses /use with judgment
Data Collection – plan properly/ use existing where possible/ collect electronically
Reorganisation of the Supervisory Body – allow plenty of time
Staff – train all on philosophy as well as process
Industry – explain new approach and what is expected of them
Powers – make sure sufficient data collection + enforcement powers
Risk-based solvency – apply flexibly in volatile conditions / counter-cyclical
Systemic risk – build into analysis
Think in terms of achievability – target resources for maximum impact
It is worth doing
23
29. IS RBS Right for Everyone?
• Yes if lots of funds
• Yes if DB / guarantees (based on solvency measures)
• Yes if lots of supervisory resources
• Yes if integrated authority (apply same model across all sectors)
• No if only few funds
• No if DC (quantitative not appropriate long term investments/ qualitative too
subjective)
• No if developing pension market and supervisory authority (not got
resources/ expertise - regulation based more secure / restrictions not such
an issue)
• No if specialist authority (?)
29