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This document provides a summary of several medical journal articles and studies. Some key findings include:
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- A 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol appears to reduce major vascular events by about 11 per 1000 people over 5 years.
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1) Despite advances in antibiotics, death rates from infections have increased 58% from 1980 to 1992, partially due to HIV. Pneumococcal pneumonia is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.
2) Studies found that a high dietary fiber intake and fish oil supplements can decrease the risk of heart disease, while coffee and beta carotene supplementation alone do not affect heart disease risk.
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The document provides a summary of recent medical articles in one sentence summaries. It notes that the summaries provide medical information and not advice, and readers should consult their physician before making changes based on the information. The summaries cover topics like smoking cessation methods, risk factors for various diseases, effectiveness of treatments and vaccines, and lifestyle factors that impact health.
Intrauterine insemination versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non tubal ...
Intrauterine insemination versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non tubal ...Internet Medical Journal
Background: Controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH) combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), using a volume of 0.5 mail of inseminate is commonly offered to couples with non tubal infertility. Another method is Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) which is based on a pressure injection of 4 ml of sperm suspension while attempting to seal the cervix to prevent semen reflux. This technique ensures the presence of higher sperm density in the fallopian tubes at the time of ovulation than standard IUI. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of IUI and FSP in the treatment of infertility.
Methods: 200 consecutive patients with infertility in 404 stimulated cycles were included in the study. Those randomized to standard IUI included 100 patients in 184 cycles [158 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 26 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group A). Patients subjected to FSP included 100 patients in 220 cycles (193 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 27 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group B). Swim up semen preparation technique was used in all cases. Insemination was performed in both groups 34-37 hours after hCG administration. Standard IUI was performed using 0.5 ml of inseminate. In FSP 4ml inseminate was used.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Physician incomes have declined in the 1990s due to cost containment measures and the rise of managed care. Younger physicians face high student loan debt and repayment schedules, limiting their practice options. Managed care has reduced physician earnings, especially for specialists. The emphasis on primary care physicians and cost containment has put pressure on referrals and physician advocacy for patients. Rising medical school tuition and costs combined with diminished earnings potential has turned students away from specialization and lowered expectations for lucrative careers. Overall physician incomes are expected to continue declining as more generalists work for managed care organizations.
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This document summarizes several medical studies published in medical journals. It reports on studies that found: blood pressure measurements taken in a doctor's office should not be disregarded; talking can raise blood pressure readings; lowering cholesterol with lovastatin reduces heart attack risk; strength training benefits cardiac rehab patients; morphine does not increase risk of missed appendicitis diagnoses; increased cardio-respiratory fitness lowers diabetes risk; psychoactive drug websites are most popular in the pharmaceutical industry; passive smoking increases coronary heart disease risk; and the Duke treadmill score predicts mortality. It also provides fast facts on suicide statistics in the United States.
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This weekly medical newsletter summarizes recent studies on a variety of health topics. Key findings include: polyunsaturated fats may increase breast cancer risk while monounsaturated fats decrease it; breastfeeding should be delayed for an hour after vigorous exercise; and dextromethorphan cough medicines should be avoided during pregnancy due to animal studies finding birth defects. The newsletter also reports on studies relating to SIDS risks from infant quilts, benefits of second opinions before elective surgery, and effects of supplements like rhubarb fiber and green tea.
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1) The document provides one sentence summaries of recent medical studies and articles to direct readers to the source material, but notes this information does not constitute medical advice.
2) Studies discussed found breastfeeding and reducing dust mite exposure can decrease childhood allergies; over 40% of children are exposed to secondhand smoke at home; and estrogen replacement therapy combined with etidronate was more effective at increasing bone mass than either alone.
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1) Despite advances in antibiotics, death rates from infections have increased 58% from 1980 to 1992, partially due to HIV. Pneumococcal pneumonia is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.
2) Studies found that a high dietary fiber intake and fish oil supplements can decrease the risk of heart disease, while coffee and beta carotene supplementation alone do not affect heart disease risk.
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The document provides a summary of recent medical articles in one sentence summaries. It notes that the summaries provide medical information and not advice, and readers should consult their physician before making changes based on the information. The summaries cover topics like smoking cessation methods, risk factors for various diseases, effectiveness of treatments and vaccines, and lifestyle factors that impact health.
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Background: Controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH) combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), using a volume of 0.5 mail of inseminate is commonly offered to couples with non tubal infertility. Another method is Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) which is based on a pressure injection of 4 ml of sperm suspension while attempting to seal the cervix to prevent semen reflux. This technique ensures the presence of higher sperm density in the fallopian tubes at the time of ovulation than standard IUI. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of IUI and FSP in the treatment of infertility.
Methods: 200 consecutive patients with infertility in 404 stimulated cycles were included in the study. Those randomized to standard IUI included 100 patients in 184 cycles [158 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 26 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group A). Patients subjected to FSP included 100 patients in 220 cycles (193 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 27 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group B). Swim up semen preparation technique was used in all cases. Insemination was performed in both groups 34-37 hours after hCG administration. Standard IUI was performed using 0.5 ml of inseminate. In FSP 4ml inseminate was used.
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Key Words: Intrauterine insemination, Fallopian tube sperm perfusion, Non-tubal infertility.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
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