In physics, superfluidity is a state in which matter behaves like a fluid with zero viscosity. The vision of superfluid networking corresponds to the ability to decompose services into network functions to be deployed on-the-fly, run them anywhere in the network (core, aggregation, edge) and shift them transparently to different locations and heterogeneous execution environments. Superfluid networking tackles crucial shortcomings in today’s networks like long provisioning times, with wasteful over-provisioning used to meet variable demand and reliance on rigid and cost-ineffective hardware devices. The 5G System architecture can be deployed using techniques like Network Function Virtualization (NFV) that potentially enable the realization of superfluid networking. In this talk, we discuss the state of the art of NFV models and infrastructures for 5G and illustrate the path toward superfluid networking, considering the results of the Superfluidity research project (funded by EU in the H2020 framework).
Superfluid Deployment of Virtual Functions: Exploiting Mobile Edge Computing ...Stefano Salsano
The Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies are fundamental enablers to meet the objectives of 5G networks. In this work, we first introduce the architecture for dynamic deployment and composition of virtual functions proposed by the Superfluidity project. Then we consider a case study based on a typical 5G scenario. In particular, we detail the design and implementation of a Video Streaming service exploiting Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) functionalities. The analysis of the case study provide an assessment on what can be achieved with current technologies and gives a first confirmation of the validity of the proposed approach. Finally, we identify future directions of work towards the realization of a superfluid softwarized network.
EU-Taiwan Workshop on 5G Research, PRISTINE introductionICT PRISTINE
The PRISTINE project aims to explore programmability in RINA (Recursive Internet Architectures) through developing a RINA software development kit. It will demonstrate RINA's applicability and benefits in three use cases - datacenters, distributed clouds, and carrier networks. The project is building a RINA simulator and working towards commoditizing networking equipment through standardized programmability APIs, with the goals of increasing flexibility, automation, and innovation while reducing costs.
Development, test, and characterization of MEC platforms with Teranium and Dr...Michelle Holley
Mobile edge computing delivers cloud computing at the edge of the cellular network to drive services quality and innovation. The ability for CSPs and ISVs to effectively develop, deliver, and deploy MEC services on a given platform directly correlates with the availability and maturity of associated tools and test environment. Dronava is a hyper-connected, web-scale network reference design for the 5G mobile network, suitable for use as a test and development socket for cloud applications developed for MEC platforms with tools such as the Intel NEV SDK. With Dronava, developers can drive the application with real traffics from the network edge to the EPC core, and if need be, connect with services in the core network in order to fully characterize the functionalities, latency, and throughput of the platform and application.Teranium is an integrated development environment that simplifies the development, packaging, and deployment/management of cloud applications. Teranium can be utilized to develop and deploy MEC applications on a number of platforms. Together with Dronava, Teranium helps to reduce complexity and improve efficiency in the ability of CSPs and ISVs to adopt and deploy MEC-base services.
RINA is a new network architecture that provides a consistent API across layers through a recursive model. The PRISTINE project has made advances in RINA including developing an open source implementation called IRATI and a simulator called RINASim. IRATI focuses on being flexible, modular, and programmable. Key components like IPC processes and policies are under development. Experiments show potential benefits of RINA for areas like congestion control, security, and simplifying VM networking. Further work includes improving core protocols, developing policy specifications, quantifying benefits, and engaging with standards bodies.
Enabling Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) Platform-as-a-Service for EnterprisesMichelle Holley
The document discusses Intel's Network Edge Virtualization (NEV) SDK which provides tools and libraries for Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). The NEV SDK supports 4G and 5G deployments, provides APIs for MEC applications, and optimizes the data plane for VNF routing. It also supports integration with cloud platforms and aims to provide a flexible edge computing platform for industries like transportation, healthcare, and smart cities.
The document discusses network function virtualization (NFV) and its benefits, challenges, and use cases. NFV aims to implement network functions through software running on commercial off-the-shelf servers and storage, to provide benefits like reduced costs, increased agility, and flexibility compared to proprietary hardware appliances. The ETSI NFV Industry Specification Group is working on requirements and an architecture for NFV. Examples of potential applications include virtualized routers, firewalls, traffic monitoring functions and mobile network nodes. Both NFV and SDN aim to make networks more programmable and automated but through different approaches.
Superfluid Deployment of Virtual Functions: Exploiting Mobile Edge Computing ...Stefano Salsano
The Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies are fundamental enablers to meet the objectives of 5G networks. In this work, we first introduce the architecture for dynamic deployment and composition of virtual functions proposed by the Superfluidity project. Then we consider a case study based on a typical 5G scenario. In particular, we detail the design and implementation of a Video Streaming service exploiting Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) functionalities. The analysis of the case study provide an assessment on what can be achieved with current technologies and gives a first confirmation of the validity of the proposed approach. Finally, we identify future directions of work towards the realization of a superfluid softwarized network.
EU-Taiwan Workshop on 5G Research, PRISTINE introductionICT PRISTINE
The PRISTINE project aims to explore programmability in RINA (Recursive Internet Architectures) through developing a RINA software development kit. It will demonstrate RINA's applicability and benefits in three use cases - datacenters, distributed clouds, and carrier networks. The project is building a RINA simulator and working towards commoditizing networking equipment through standardized programmability APIs, with the goals of increasing flexibility, automation, and innovation while reducing costs.
Development, test, and characterization of MEC platforms with Teranium and Dr...Michelle Holley
Mobile edge computing delivers cloud computing at the edge of the cellular network to drive services quality and innovation. The ability for CSPs and ISVs to effectively develop, deliver, and deploy MEC services on a given platform directly correlates with the availability and maturity of associated tools and test environment. Dronava is a hyper-connected, web-scale network reference design for the 5G mobile network, suitable for use as a test and development socket for cloud applications developed for MEC platforms with tools such as the Intel NEV SDK. With Dronava, developers can drive the application with real traffics from the network edge to the EPC core, and if need be, connect with services in the core network in order to fully characterize the functionalities, latency, and throughput of the platform and application.Teranium is an integrated development environment that simplifies the development, packaging, and deployment/management of cloud applications. Teranium can be utilized to develop and deploy MEC applications on a number of platforms. Together with Dronava, Teranium helps to reduce complexity and improve efficiency in the ability of CSPs and ISVs to adopt and deploy MEC-base services.
RINA is a new network architecture that provides a consistent API across layers through a recursive model. The PRISTINE project has made advances in RINA including developing an open source implementation called IRATI and a simulator called RINASim. IRATI focuses on being flexible, modular, and programmable. Key components like IPC processes and policies are under development. Experiments show potential benefits of RINA for areas like congestion control, security, and simplifying VM networking. Further work includes improving core protocols, developing policy specifications, quantifying benefits, and engaging with standards bodies.
Enabling Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) Platform-as-a-Service for EnterprisesMichelle Holley
The document discusses Intel's Network Edge Virtualization (NEV) SDK which provides tools and libraries for Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). The NEV SDK supports 4G and 5G deployments, provides APIs for MEC applications, and optimizes the data plane for VNF routing. It also supports integration with cloud platforms and aims to provide a flexible edge computing platform for industries like transportation, healthcare, and smart cities.
The document discusses network function virtualization (NFV) and its benefits, challenges, and use cases. NFV aims to implement network functions through software running on commercial off-the-shelf servers and storage, to provide benefits like reduced costs, increased agility, and flexibility compared to proprietary hardware appliances. The ETSI NFV Industry Specification Group is working on requirements and an architecture for NFV. Examples of potential applications include virtualized routers, firewalls, traffic monitoring functions and mobile network nodes. Both NFV and SDN aim to make networks more programmable and automated but through different approaches.
This document discusses network softwarization and the role of open source. It begins by defining network softwarization as the trend toward more programmable, software-defined networks achieved through SDN and NFV. It then discusses how open source has played a role in networking, particularly through projects that enable network softwarization like OpenDaylight, OpenStack, and OPNFV. The document concludes by discussing some experiences with open source networking projects at UNICAMP like RouteFlow, libfluid, and Mininet-WiFi, which aim to advance the state of SDN and network programmability through open collaboration.
Reconstructing computer networking with RINA: how solid scientific foundation...ICT PRISTINE
The document discusses flaws in the TCP/IP model that underpins modern computer networking. It argues that TCP/IP lacks solid scientific foundations and was not based on the best technical solutions proposed at the time. Specifically, it lost an important "Internet layer" and failed to establish a complete addressing architecture. As a result, problems with naming, addressing, protocol design and performance have arisen. The document proposes that RINA, which is based on sound layering principles from early research networks like CYCLADES, could provide a better approach and allow Europe to become a leader in internetworking.
RINA as a Clean-Slate Approach to Software Networks ICT PRISTINE
RINA is a clean-slate networking architecture that models the network as a hierarchy of applications interconnected across distributed application frameworks (DAFs). It uses a single layer approach with two protocols for data transfer and application management. RINA addresses many of the goals for 5G networks, such as facilitating dense device deployments, reducing service creation times, and providing secure, reliable connectivity. The document proposes using RINA to provide the infrastructure for network function virtualization, such as through service chains, VNF connectivity and resiliency, and software-based management. This could optimize fabric usage within network points of presence while being compatible with current IP-based network deployments.
Enabling 5G with NFV: New Joint White Paper Outlining Network Operator Perspe...Open Networking Summit
In October 2012, a group of 13 global network operators published an influential white paper describing their vision for the future of telecommunications networks based on technology which they called “Network Functions Virtualisation” or simply “NFV”. Simultaneously they launched the ETSI NFV Industry Specification Group which is the central body converging requirements for NFV and developing specifications which enable standards and open source communities to use NFV in a common framework. This latest NFV white paper co-authored by 23 network operators - including members of the original founding group, outlines what they see as the priorities for NFV to support 5G. This session will overview this paper and describe the rationale for the main proposals.
This presentation is from Open Networking Summit 2017.
The document describes an SDK to exploit the programmability of RINA. RINA is a networking architecture based on the theory that networking is inter-process communication. The SDK aims to provide programmable functions at each layer through consistent APIs. It discusses design decisions around using Linux, a user/kernel split, programming languages, and threading models. The goal is to separate mechanism from policy to simplify network structure and support new requirements through re-usable policies across layers.
Network functions virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses the technologies of IT virtualization to virtualized entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services.
Orchestrating NFV Workloads in Multiple CloudsMichelle Holley
Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP) is missioned to deploy and manage VNFs on multiple infrastructure environments, including virtualized infrastructure and cloud native. Workload deployment and orchestration in multiple clouds is expected to play an essential role in ONAP operational success. This talk introduces overall ONAP architecture and orchestration workflow, and related supporting functions such as homing and optimization.
Speaker: Bin Hu, Bin is an innovation thought-leader in NFV, SDN and Cloud. He is the Convener of OPNFV's Technical Community, PTL of IPv6 and PTL of Gluon in OpenStack for the next generation of NFV networking services. He was the Winner of OPNFV 2015 Annual Award.
1) The document discusses network function virtualization (NFV) and how it relates to OpenStack. NFV aims to virtualize network functions through standard servers and storage to reduce costs and improve flexibility. (2) ETSI has defined NFV reference architectures, use cases, and an NFV management and orchestration framework. (3) The document outlines ongoing work by ETSI on NFV specifications and interoperability testing to advance the NFV ecosystem.
This document discusses managing multi-layer networks and the challenges of closing the control loop in autonomic networks. It proposes using the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) model, which provides a common structure and set of protocols across layers to simplify network management. RINA could reduce costs and downtime compared to the Internet Protocol (IP) model with its many isolated protocols for each layer. The document provides examples of how data center networks and service provider networks could be modeled and managed using RINA.
This document summarizes network softwarization trends, challenges, and research efforts. It discusses how telecommunications companies are shifting their focus from hardware-centric to software-centric networks. This allows for more flexible and agile networks through technologies like Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). NFV aims to virtualize network functions on commodity hardware, while SDN separates the control and data planes for increased programmability. The document outlines trends driving these changes, challenges faced by network operators, and several ongoing research projects exploring NFV, SDN, and their synergies to realize the benefits of software-defined networks.
Slides introducing NFV and what is done on the subject in OpenStack and explaining the benefits of 6WIND Gate in an NFVi setup with OpenStack. Presentation done with Vincent Jardin, CTO at 6WIND.
The document summarizes security policies in the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA). It discusses how RINA protects layers instead of protocols by applying consistent security models across all layers. It also describes how RINA separates mechanism from policy, allowing security functions to be programmed via policies instead of implementing specific security protocols. The document outlines experiments with authentication and encrypted packet policies using the IRATI open source RINA implementation.
This document discusses network function virtualization (NFV), including its use cases, architecture, and virtualization requirements. It describes NFV's benefits in reducing costs and increasing flexibility compared to proprietary hardware appliances. The NFV architecture framework separates network functions into software-based virtual network functions (VNFs) that run on a shared virtualized infrastructure. It also covers NFV specifications, use cases like NFV infrastructure as a service, and virtualization requirements around performance, security, and resilience.
Fusion Compiler is the next-generation RTL-to-GDSII implementation system architected to address the complexities of advanced node designs and deliver up to 20% improved PPA while reducing Time To Results (TTR) by 2X.
This document discusses Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and its relationship to OpenStack. It provides an overview of NFV and the ETSI NFV specifications. It describes how ETSI NFV defines the virtualization of network functions and services. It also discusses how OpenStack addresses some of the infrastructure requirements for NFV such as multi-hypervisor support, different virtualization models, and exposing network and resource functions. The document presents examples of how NFV would virtualize a media resource function and related descriptors. It concludes by discussing the relationship between ETSI NFV and OpenStack/OPNFV and their collaborative efforts.
Network Function Virtualization : HyperVisor Domainsidneel
The document discusses the hypervisor domain in network function virtualization (NFV). It describes the purpose and architecture of the hypervisor domain, including providing abstraction of hardware for portable software appliances and compute domain resources for virtual machines. It also outlines the external and internal interfaces of the hypervisor domain, including interfaces with the virtualized infrastructure manager (VIM) for management and metrics collection.
KEYNOTE @ NFV World Congress 2017, San José
Francisco-Javier Ramón | Head of Network Virtualisation, GCTO | Telefónica
Chair | ETSI OSM
ABSTRACT:
- How Telefónica is architecting its new Core Network with NFV to enable the dynamic re-allocation of capacity wherever needed.
- Why orchestration is the latest technical challenge to realize this vision, and what Telefónica is doing in this space.
- How Open Source MANO (OSM) has become the reference platform for interoperability after the launch of its third release.
- How this fits into Telefónica plans for virtualization.
Open Source Software development models are changing the way the telco industry is creating products and systems. This presentation at ONS-2015 discusses how innovation, agile development and Open Source Software are linked together.It presents experience with transforming telco vendor development from closed to open source and provides an outlook of future activities in the NFV space.
Superfluid NFV: VMs and Virtual Infrastructure Managers speed-up for instanta...Stefano Salsano
SUPERFLUIDITY project goals: instantiate network functions and services on-the-fly; run them anywhere in the network (core, aggregation, edge); migrate them transparently to different locations; make them portable across heterogeneous infrastructure environments (computing and networking), while taking advantage of specific hardware features, such as high performance accelerators, when available.
Conclusions: Unikernel virtualization can provide VM instantiation and boot time in the order of ms; ongoing: consolidation of results, generic and automatic optimization process for hypervisor toolstack and for guests. Work is still needed at the level of Virtual Infrastructure Managers e.g. OpenStack (~ 1 s), Nomad (~ 300 ms). VIMs are currently designed for generality, the challenge is to specialize them in a flexible way, keeping the compatibility with the mainstream versions.
Extending ETSI VNF descriptors and OpenVIM to support UnikernelsStefano Salsano
After a short introduction to the goals and approach of the Superfluidity EU research project, we discuss the Unikernels and their orchestration aspects. Unikernel technology allows to build tiny VMs with memory footprint in the order of hundreds of KBs and boot time in the order of milliseconds. We focus on ClickOS Unikernels.
We have adapted 3 VIMs (OpenStack, Nomad, OpenVIM) to support ClickOS Unikernels and report a performance evaluation of the VM instantiation time.
We have implemented a scenario that can combines Unikernels and regular VMs in the same Network Service or VNF extending OpenVIM.We describe how we have extended the ETSI NFV models and OpenVIM. In particular, we provide the details of the OpenVIM descriptor extensions to support Unikernels.
This document discusses network softwarization and the role of open source. It begins by defining network softwarization as the trend toward more programmable, software-defined networks achieved through SDN and NFV. It then discusses how open source has played a role in networking, particularly through projects that enable network softwarization like OpenDaylight, OpenStack, and OPNFV. The document concludes by discussing some experiences with open source networking projects at UNICAMP like RouteFlow, libfluid, and Mininet-WiFi, which aim to advance the state of SDN and network programmability through open collaboration.
Reconstructing computer networking with RINA: how solid scientific foundation...ICT PRISTINE
The document discusses flaws in the TCP/IP model that underpins modern computer networking. It argues that TCP/IP lacks solid scientific foundations and was not based on the best technical solutions proposed at the time. Specifically, it lost an important "Internet layer" and failed to establish a complete addressing architecture. As a result, problems with naming, addressing, protocol design and performance have arisen. The document proposes that RINA, which is based on sound layering principles from early research networks like CYCLADES, could provide a better approach and allow Europe to become a leader in internetworking.
RINA as a Clean-Slate Approach to Software Networks ICT PRISTINE
RINA is a clean-slate networking architecture that models the network as a hierarchy of applications interconnected across distributed application frameworks (DAFs). It uses a single layer approach with two protocols for data transfer and application management. RINA addresses many of the goals for 5G networks, such as facilitating dense device deployments, reducing service creation times, and providing secure, reliable connectivity. The document proposes using RINA to provide the infrastructure for network function virtualization, such as through service chains, VNF connectivity and resiliency, and software-based management. This could optimize fabric usage within network points of presence while being compatible with current IP-based network deployments.
Enabling 5G with NFV: New Joint White Paper Outlining Network Operator Perspe...Open Networking Summit
In October 2012, a group of 13 global network operators published an influential white paper describing their vision for the future of telecommunications networks based on technology which they called “Network Functions Virtualisation” or simply “NFV”. Simultaneously they launched the ETSI NFV Industry Specification Group which is the central body converging requirements for NFV and developing specifications which enable standards and open source communities to use NFV in a common framework. This latest NFV white paper co-authored by 23 network operators - including members of the original founding group, outlines what they see as the priorities for NFV to support 5G. This session will overview this paper and describe the rationale for the main proposals.
This presentation is from Open Networking Summit 2017.
The document describes an SDK to exploit the programmability of RINA. RINA is a networking architecture based on the theory that networking is inter-process communication. The SDK aims to provide programmable functions at each layer through consistent APIs. It discusses design decisions around using Linux, a user/kernel split, programming languages, and threading models. The goal is to separate mechanism from policy to simplify network structure and support new requirements through re-usable policies across layers.
Network functions virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses the technologies of IT virtualization to virtualized entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services.
Orchestrating NFV Workloads in Multiple CloudsMichelle Holley
Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP) is missioned to deploy and manage VNFs on multiple infrastructure environments, including virtualized infrastructure and cloud native. Workload deployment and orchestration in multiple clouds is expected to play an essential role in ONAP operational success. This talk introduces overall ONAP architecture and orchestration workflow, and related supporting functions such as homing and optimization.
Speaker: Bin Hu, Bin is an innovation thought-leader in NFV, SDN and Cloud. He is the Convener of OPNFV's Technical Community, PTL of IPv6 and PTL of Gluon in OpenStack for the next generation of NFV networking services. He was the Winner of OPNFV 2015 Annual Award.
1) The document discusses network function virtualization (NFV) and how it relates to OpenStack. NFV aims to virtualize network functions through standard servers and storage to reduce costs and improve flexibility. (2) ETSI has defined NFV reference architectures, use cases, and an NFV management and orchestration framework. (3) The document outlines ongoing work by ETSI on NFV specifications and interoperability testing to advance the NFV ecosystem.
This document discusses managing multi-layer networks and the challenges of closing the control loop in autonomic networks. It proposes using the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) model, which provides a common structure and set of protocols across layers to simplify network management. RINA could reduce costs and downtime compared to the Internet Protocol (IP) model with its many isolated protocols for each layer. The document provides examples of how data center networks and service provider networks could be modeled and managed using RINA.
This document summarizes network softwarization trends, challenges, and research efforts. It discusses how telecommunications companies are shifting their focus from hardware-centric to software-centric networks. This allows for more flexible and agile networks through technologies like Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). NFV aims to virtualize network functions on commodity hardware, while SDN separates the control and data planes for increased programmability. The document outlines trends driving these changes, challenges faced by network operators, and several ongoing research projects exploring NFV, SDN, and their synergies to realize the benefits of software-defined networks.
Slides introducing NFV and what is done on the subject in OpenStack and explaining the benefits of 6WIND Gate in an NFVi setup with OpenStack. Presentation done with Vincent Jardin, CTO at 6WIND.
The document summarizes security policies in the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA). It discusses how RINA protects layers instead of protocols by applying consistent security models across all layers. It also describes how RINA separates mechanism from policy, allowing security functions to be programmed via policies instead of implementing specific security protocols. The document outlines experiments with authentication and encrypted packet policies using the IRATI open source RINA implementation.
This document discusses network function virtualization (NFV), including its use cases, architecture, and virtualization requirements. It describes NFV's benefits in reducing costs and increasing flexibility compared to proprietary hardware appliances. The NFV architecture framework separates network functions into software-based virtual network functions (VNFs) that run on a shared virtualized infrastructure. It also covers NFV specifications, use cases like NFV infrastructure as a service, and virtualization requirements around performance, security, and resilience.
Fusion Compiler is the next-generation RTL-to-GDSII implementation system architected to address the complexities of advanced node designs and deliver up to 20% improved PPA while reducing Time To Results (TTR) by 2X.
This document discusses Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and its relationship to OpenStack. It provides an overview of NFV and the ETSI NFV specifications. It describes how ETSI NFV defines the virtualization of network functions and services. It also discusses how OpenStack addresses some of the infrastructure requirements for NFV such as multi-hypervisor support, different virtualization models, and exposing network and resource functions. The document presents examples of how NFV would virtualize a media resource function and related descriptors. It concludes by discussing the relationship between ETSI NFV and OpenStack/OPNFV and their collaborative efforts.
Network Function Virtualization : HyperVisor Domainsidneel
The document discusses the hypervisor domain in network function virtualization (NFV). It describes the purpose and architecture of the hypervisor domain, including providing abstraction of hardware for portable software appliances and compute domain resources for virtual machines. It also outlines the external and internal interfaces of the hypervisor domain, including interfaces with the virtualized infrastructure manager (VIM) for management and metrics collection.
KEYNOTE @ NFV World Congress 2017, San José
Francisco-Javier Ramón | Head of Network Virtualisation, GCTO | Telefónica
Chair | ETSI OSM
ABSTRACT:
- How Telefónica is architecting its new Core Network with NFV to enable the dynamic re-allocation of capacity wherever needed.
- Why orchestration is the latest technical challenge to realize this vision, and what Telefónica is doing in this space.
- How Open Source MANO (OSM) has become the reference platform for interoperability after the launch of its third release.
- How this fits into Telefónica plans for virtualization.
Open Source Software development models are changing the way the telco industry is creating products and systems. This presentation at ONS-2015 discusses how innovation, agile development and Open Source Software are linked together.It presents experience with transforming telco vendor development from closed to open source and provides an outlook of future activities in the NFV space.
Superfluid NFV: VMs and Virtual Infrastructure Managers speed-up for instanta...Stefano Salsano
SUPERFLUIDITY project goals: instantiate network functions and services on-the-fly; run them anywhere in the network (core, aggregation, edge); migrate them transparently to different locations; make them portable across heterogeneous infrastructure environments (computing and networking), while taking advantage of specific hardware features, such as high performance accelerators, when available.
Conclusions: Unikernel virtualization can provide VM instantiation and boot time in the order of ms; ongoing: consolidation of results, generic and automatic optimization process for hypervisor toolstack and for guests. Work is still needed at the level of Virtual Infrastructure Managers e.g. OpenStack (~ 1 s), Nomad (~ 300 ms). VIMs are currently designed for generality, the challenge is to specialize them in a flexible way, keeping the compatibility with the mainstream versions.
Extending ETSI VNF descriptors and OpenVIM to support UnikernelsStefano Salsano
After a short introduction to the goals and approach of the Superfluidity EU research project, we discuss the Unikernels and their orchestration aspects. Unikernel technology allows to build tiny VMs with memory footprint in the order of hundreds of KBs and boot time in the order of milliseconds. We focus on ClickOS Unikernels.
We have adapted 3 VIMs (OpenStack, Nomad, OpenVIM) to support ClickOS Unikernels and report a performance evaluation of the VM instantiation time.
We have implemented a scenario that can combines Unikernels and regular VMs in the same Network Service or VNF extending OpenVIM.We describe how we have extended the ETSI NFV models and OpenVIM. In particular, we provide the details of the OpenVIM descriptor extensions to support Unikernels.
Performance Evaluation and Tuning of Virtual Infrastructure Managers for (Micro) Virtual Network Functions
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) are emerging as the keystone of 5G network architectures: flexibility, agility, fast instantiation times, consolidation, Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) hardware support and significant cost savings are fundamental for meeting the requirements of the new generation of mobile networks. In this paper we deal with the management of the virtual computing resources for the execution of Micro VNFs. This functionality is performed by the Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) in the NFV MANagement and Orchestration (MANO) reference architecture. We discuss the VIM instantiation process and propose a generic reference model, starting from the analysis of two Open Source VIMs, namely OpenStack Nova and Nomad. We implemented a tuned version of the VIMs with the specific goal of reducing the duration of the instantiation process. We realized a performance comparison of the two VIMs, both considering the plain and the tuned versions. The tuned VIMs and the performance evaluation tools that we have employed are provided openly and can be downloaded from our repository.
Deploying of Unikernels in the NFV InfrastructureStefano Salsano
Unikernel technology allows to build tiny VMs with memory footprint in the order of hundreds of KBs and boot time in the order of milliseconds.
We consider the usage of Unikernels as Virtual Network Functions for NFV, in particular assuming discuss highly dynamic and distributed scenarios in which Unikernels need to be instantiated in few tens of milliseconds in a highly distributed infrastructures.
We have patched existing VIMs (Virtual Infrastructure Managers) like OpenStack, OpenVIM and a lightweight orchestrator like Nomad in order to orchestrate ClickOs Unikernels and we measured the achieved performances.
Finally we present a complete testbed for the orchestration of ClickOS Unikernels, based on the enhancement of OpenVIM and of XEN. The proposed enhancements are Open Source.
Dr. Christos Kolias – Senior Research Scientist
Keynote Title: “NFV: Empowering the Network”
Keynote Abstract: Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) envisions and promises to change the service provider landscape and has emerged as one of one of today’s significant trends. Although less than two years old, NFV has garnered the industry’s full attention and support. Moving swiftly, a number of key accomplishments have already taken place, and a lot more work is currently under way within ETSI NFV while we are embarking on its future phase. Various proofs-of-concepts (ranging from vEPC to vCPE, vIMS and vCDN) are being developed while issues such as open source and SDN are becoming key ingredients as the can play a pivotal role.
Dr. Christos Kolias' Bio: Christos Kolias is a senior research scientist at Orange Silicon Valley (a subsidiary of Orange). Christos is a co-founder of the ETSI NFV group and had led the formation of ONF’s Wireless & Mobile working group. He has lectured on NFV and SDN at several events. Christos has more than 15 years of experience in networking, he is the originator of Virtual Output Queueing (VOQ) used in packet switching. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from UCLA.
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Zerista: http://lcu14.zerista.com/event/member/137765
Google Event: https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/cpeksim4hr4ghhuufv5ic4viirs
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFDnj_342n4&list=UUIVqQKxCyQLJS6xvSmfndLA
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/lcu14-400a
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect USA - #LCU14
September 15-19th, 2014
Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
Network functions virtualization (NFV) decouples network functions from proprietary hardware appliances and implements them as software virtual network functions (VNFs) that run on standard commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) servers. This allows network functions to be consolidated on shared hardware and provides benefits such as reduced costs, increased flexibility and service agility, and faster innovation. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is developing open standards for NFV. Orchestration is a key enabling technology that manages the lifecycle of VNFs and coordinates their placement with physical network resources to automate service provisioning.
Superfluid Orchestration of heterogeneous Reusable Functional Blocks for 5G n...Stefano Salsano
The demo is composed of three scenes presenting tools and results from the Superfluidity project.
1) RDCL 3D is an extensible web framework which can be used to: edit, validate, visualize service and component descriptors expressed with different modelling languages (RDCLs); deploy the component / services over execution platforms.
2) Software defined wireless network (RAN as a Service). An end-to-end wireless network is described as a chain of RFBs (Reusable Functional Blocks) with RDCL 3D. This chain is dynamically instantiated in a cloud environment using containers. The demonstration shows a full software solution orchestrating different RFBs (RAN and CORE) over Central/EDGE/Front-End clouds. The fronthaul network is also made reprogrammable through SDN, which is also deployed as RFBs.
3) Orchestration of micro-VNFs (Unikernels). We have added support for Unikernels (ClickOS) in the XEN hypervisor and in OpenVIM Virtual Infrastructure Manager. Regular VMs (XEN HVM) and Unikernels can run together in the same infrastructure. In the demo we dynamically instantiate an end-to-end service on the infrastructure by chaining regular VMs and Unikernel-based VNFs.
Optimising nfv service chains on open stack using dockerAnanth Padmanabhan
Uploading slides presented in the OpenStack summit, at Austin in April, 2016. Here is the link to the video,
https://www.openstack.org/videos/video/optimising-nfv-service-chains-on-openstack-using-docker
This document discusses optimizing network function virtualization (NFV) service chains on OpenStack using Docker containers. Docker containers provide better utilization of resources and higher density of workloads compared to virtual machines, with reduced overhead since there is no hypervisor layer. The design presented uses Docker containers as network functions chained locally on each OpenStack host for low latency. Areas of work include running Docker and KVM on the same host, configuring Open vSwitch for service chains, and Docker daemon interactions for on-demand network functions and tenant isolation.
Mpls conference 2016-data center virtualisation-11-marchAricent
Aricent’s presentation on “Micro VNFs and Micro service environment” on next generation Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) is heating up. In debate on micro services, carriers has requested communities to step up research on micro service deployments.
Aricent believes that existing VNFs, which comes directly from the physical appliances software are not rightly designed and are less suited for cloud operations. These first generation VNFs are replication of physical appliances, monolithic architecture and need more computational power. These are heavy with physical appliance platform features i.e. HA, ISSU, Nonstop Routing/Switching and they have lots of redundant code which may not be necessary on cloud. As cloud platform provides these feature through its inherent platform capabilities.
This document discusses analyzing light virtualization mechanisms for deploying network functions in data centers. It motivates scaling to support thousands of virtual environments on a single server. Containers offer less overhead than virtual machines. Docker containers were analyzed for running network functions, which required modifying Docker's isolation of IPC and networking. Performance tests showed Docker containers had negligible overhead compared to normal virtual network functions. Memory was also correctly limited by Docker. The conclusion is Linux containers via Docker can vertically scale to thousands of isolated environments on one machine for network functions.
Uploading slides presented in the OpenStack summit, at Austin in April, 2016. Here is the link to the video,
https://www.openstack.org/videos/video/optimising-nfv-service-chains-on-openstack-using-docker
Edge Computing: A Unified Infrastructure for all the Different PiecesCloudify Community
Edge Computing along with 5G promises to revolutionize customer experience with immersive applications that we can only imagine at this point. The edge will include PNFs, VNFs, and mobile-edge applications; requiring containers, virtual machines and bare-metal compute. But while edge computing promises numerous new revenue streams, managing and orchestrating these edge infrastructure environments is not going to be a seamless, instant process. In this webinar, experts in NFV orchestration discuss the concerns you must address in the transition to the edge, and show how you can use available open source tools to create a single management environment for PNFs, VNFs, and mobile-edge applications.
Erez Cohen & Aviram Bar Haim, Mellanox - Enhancing Your OpenStack Cloud With ...Cloud Native Day Tel Aviv
Erez Cohen & Aviram Bar Haim, Mellanox - Enhancing Your OpenStack Cloud With Advanced Network and Storage Interconnect Technologies, OpenStack Israel 2015
Virtualisation For Network Testing & Staff TrainingAPNIC
This document discusses the benefits of network virtualization for technical training and testing. Some key points:
- Virtualization abstracts functionality from hardware, allowing more efficient use of resources, lower costs, and flexibility.
- It allows consolidating many servers onto few physical machines for efficiency or distributing applications across many virtual servers for scalability.
- For training, virtualization reduces logistics costs like shipping hardware, lowers footprint needs, and makes environments easy to reconfigure.
- NSRC has used virtualization successfully for its technical capacity building workshops in Africa and Asia Pacific, replacing physical hardware with a few virtualization hosts.
LF_DPDK17_OpenNetVM: A high-performance NFV platforms to meet future communic...LF_DPDK
This document discusses software-based networking and network function virtualization (NFV). It introduces NetVM, an NFV platform developed by the author that provides high performance packet delivery across virtual machines using DPDK for zero-copy networking. NetVM enables complex network services to be distributed across multiple VMs while maintaining high throughput. The author also discusses OpenNetVM, an open source version of NetVM, and contributions like Flurries that enable unique network functions to run per flow for improved scalability. NFVnice, a userspace framework for scheduling NFV chains, is also introduced to improve throughput, fairness and CPU utilization.
Juniper Networks' vMX product provides a virtualized routing platform that can run the same Junos operating system as physical MX routers. The vMX uses virtualized DPDK-accelerated packet processing called vTRIO to separate the control and data planes for high performance. It supports various hypervisor and container deployments and can scale throughput from 100Mbps up to multiple 10Gbps ports depending on vCPU and core allocation. The vMX is suited for applications such as virtual PE routers, DC gateways, cloud WAN routers, and route reflectors where service providers need a virtualized solution that leverages their existing Junos feature set.
RDCL 3D, a Model Agnostic Web Framework for the Design and Composition of NFV...Stefano Salsano
RDCL 3D is a “model agnostic” web framework for the design and composition of NFV services and components. The framework allows editing and validating the descriptors of services and components both textually and graphically and supports the interaction with external orchestrators or with deployment and execution environments. RDCL 3D is open source and designed with a modular approach, allowing developers to “plug in” the support for new models. We describe several advances with respect to the NFV state of the art, which have been implemented with RDCL 3D. We have integrated in the platform the latest ETSI NFV ISG model specifications for which no parsers/validators were available. We have also included in the platform the support for OASIS TOSCA models, reusing existing parsers. Then we have considered the modelling of components in a modular software router (Click), which goes beyond the traditional scope of NFV. We have further developed this approach by combining traditional NFV components (Virtual Network Functions) and Click elements in a single model. Finally, we have considered the support of this solution using the Unikernels virtualization technology.
This presentation gives a summary of SDXCentral 2017 Report on NFV Industry and its trends. The presentation gives jump start for beginners to navigate through NFV forest by getting necessary details and expand understanding elaborating each piece of puzzle.
Similar to Superfluid networking for 5G: vision and state of the art (20)
Dataplane programming with eBPF: architecture and toolsStefano Salsano
eBPF is definitely a complex technology. Developing complex systems based on eBPF is challenging due to the intrinsic limitations of the model and the known shortcomings of the tool chain.
The learning curve of this technology is very steep and needs continuous coaching from experts. This tutorial will investigate:
What is eBPF and why it has gained a prominent position among the solutions to improve the packet processing performance in Linux/x86 nodes. We will shortly present some important use case scenarios for eBPF, like Kubernetes’ Cilium
The architecture of eBPF and its programming toolchain (e.g. bcc
What are the frameworks for eBPF programming, such as Polycube and InKeV.
How to make eBPF programming easier, more flexible and modular with HIKe/eCLAT
How to implement a custom application logic in eBPF with eCLAT using a python-like script
How to extend the framework and develop new modules
SRv6 experience and future perspectives
1) SRv6 and SRv6 Network Programming model
2) ROSE : Research on Open source SRv6 Ecosystem
3) SRv6 for SD-WAN & our EveryWAN solution
4) User Controlled SD-WAN Services (UCSS) project
5) Conclusions & next steps
Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) is an architecture based on the source routing paradigm that seeks the right balance between distributed (network-wide) intelligence and centralized (controller-based) programmability. Using SRv6, network devices have complete control over the forwarding paths and the network functions to be applied to packets, by combining simple network instructions. Moreover, applications can become SRv6 aware and gain control over the network-wide forwarding and processing of packets. SRv6 technology has been implemented in hardware by different vendors (e.g. CISCO, Huawei, Barefoot), in software (e.g. Linux kernel networking) and in software with I/O acceleration (e.g. FD.io Vector Packet Processing using DPDK). Several large scale deployments of SRv6 have been rolled out in 2019 (including Softbank, Iliad, ChinaTelecom, China Unicom), see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-matsushima-spring-srv6-deployment-status. This tutorial will provide a quick introduction to SRv6 architecture and protocols and will illustrate the design and implementation of SRv6 services with hands-on examples. The hands-on part will be based on the open-source SRv6 ecosystem developed in the ROSE project: https://netgroup.github.io/rose/
This presentation discusses Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) and the Network Programming Model. It provides an overview of what SRv6 is, how it works, and how the Network Programming Model can be used for applications like VPNs, SD-WANs, and service function chaining. The presentation also covers SRv6 standardization efforts, open source implementations, and areas of ongoing research.
Testbeds IntErconnections with L2 overlays - SRv6 for SFCStefano Salsano
1) The TIE-SR demo shows a Service Function Chaining (SFC) scenario across different testbeds using SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6). It automatically designs and deploys an arbitrary Layer 2 overlay network topology over multiple SoftFIRE testbeds.
2) It creates an SRv6 domain on the overlay network and defines two SRv6 policies - one for traffic engineering and one for SFC. The SFC policy routes traffic through a snort intrusion detection system virtual network function.
3) An SDN controller can periodically change the SRv6 policies to route traffic through different paths and virtual network functions for testing purposes.
Energy-efficient Path Allocation Heuristic for Service Function ChainingStefano Salsano
1) The document proposes an energy-efficient heuristic algorithm for service function chaining path allocation in SDN networks. The goal is to minimize energy consumption by switching off unused servers while meeting quality of service constraints.
2) It formulates the problem as a mixed integer linear program to find optimal resource allocations and then develops a low-complexity heuristic to solve larger problem instances in reasonable time.
3) Results show the heuristic finds near-optimal solutions with much less computation time compared to the optimal approach as problem size increases in terms of network size and number of flows.
Extending OpenVIM R3 to support Unikernels (and Xen)Stefano Salsano
After a short introduction to the goals and approach of the Superfluidity EU research project, we present the proposed extensions to OpenVIM to support ClickOS Unikernels and Xen.
We have implemented a scenario that can combines Unikernels and regular VMs in the same Network Service or VNF extending OpenVIM.We describe how we have extended the ETSI NFV models and OpenVIM. In particular, we provide the details of the OpenVIM descriptor extensions to support Unikernels.
As a background information, we discuss the Unikernels and their orchestration aspects. Unikernel technology allows to build tiny VMs with memory footprint in the order of hundreds of KBs and boot time in the order of milliseconds. We focus on ClickOS Unikernels. We have adapted 3 VIMs (OpenStack, Nomad, OpenVIM) to support ClickOS Unikernels and report a performance evaluation of the VM instantiation time.
D-STREAMON - NFV-capable distributed framework for network monitoringStefano Salsano
Several reasons make NFV an attractive paradigm for IT security: lowers costs, agile operations and better isolation as well as fast security updates, improved incident responses and better level of automation. At the same time, the network threats tend to be increasingly complex and distributed, implying huge traffic scale to be monitored and increasingly strict mitigation delay requirements. Considering the current trend of the networking and the requirements to counteract to the evolution of cyber-threats, it is expected that also network monitoring will move towards NFV based solutions. In this paper, we present Distributed StreaMon (D-StreaMon) an orchestration framework for distributed monitoring on NFV network architectures. D-StreaMon has been designed to face the above described challenges. It relies on the StreaMon platform, a solution for network monitoring originally designed for traditional middleboxes. Changes that allow Streamon to be deployed on NFV network architectures are described. The paper reports a performance evaluation of the realized NFV based solutions and discusses potential benefits in monitoring tenants' VMs for Service Providers.
The SCISSOR approach to establishing situational awareness in Industrial Cont...Stefano Salsano
The SCISSOR project aims to establish situational awareness in industrial control systems through a highly scalable security monitoring framework. The framework integrates a wide range of heterogeneous sensors, uses a distributed data aggregation approach, and advanced detection and correlation models. It exploits cloud computing concepts. The architecture includes sensors, local correlation and aggregation layers, and a decision and analysis layer. The framework was tested on a real industrial control system in Favignana, Italy using various sensors.
This document discusses cloud and mobile/edge cloud computing. It mentions cloud computing, virtualization technologies, datacenters, and public cloud providers as enablers of cloud computing. It also references platforms for cloud computing and was presented by Prof. Stefano Salsano from the University of Rome Tor Vergata's Electronic Engineering Department.
Generalized Virtual Networking, an enabler for Service Centric Networking and...Stefano Salsano
In this presentation we introduce the Generalized Virtual Networking (GVN) concept. GVN provides a framework to influence the routing of packets based on service level information that is carried in the packets. It is based on a protocol header inserted between the Network and Transport layers, therefore it can be seen as a layer 3.5 solution. Technically, GVN is proposed as a new transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. An IP router that is not GVN capable will simply process the IP destination address as usual. Similar concepts have been proposed in other works, and referred to as Service Oriented Networking, Service Centric Networking, Application Delivery Networking, but they are now generalized in the proposed GVN framework. In this respect, the GVN header is a generic container that can be adapted to serve the needs of arbitrary service level routing solutions. The GVN header can be managed by GVN capable end-hosts and applications or can be pushed/popped at the edge of a GVN capable network (like a VLAN tag). In this position paper, we show that Generalized Virtual Networking is a powerful enabler for SCN (Service Centric Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) and how it couples with the SDN (Software Defined Networking) paradigm.
OSHI - Open Source Hybrid IP/SDN networking @EWSDN14Stefano Salsano
The introduction of SDN in IP backbones requires the coexistence of regular IP forwarding and SDN based forwarding. The former is typically applied to best effort Internet traffic, the latter can be used for different types of advanced services (VPNs, Virtual Leased Lines, Traffic Engineering…). In this paper we first introduce the architecture and the services of an “hybrid” IP/SDN networking scenario. Then we describe the design and implementation of an Open Source Hybrid IP/SDN (OSHI) node. It combines Quagga for OSPF routing and Open vSwitch for OpenFlow based switching on Linux. The availability of tools for experimental validation and performance evaluation of SDN solutions is fundamental for the evolution of SDN. We provide a set of open source tools that allow to facilitate the design of hybrid IP/SDN experimental networks, their deployment on Mininet or on distributed SDN research testbeds and their test. Finally, using the provided tools, we evaluate key performance aspects of the proposed solutions. The OSHI development and test environment is available in a VirtualBox VM image that can be downloaded.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Instagram has become one of the most popular social media platforms, allowing people to share photos, videos, and stories with their followers. Sometimes, though, you might want to view someone's story without them knowing.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
Superfluid networking for 5G: vision and state of the art
1. Superfluid networking for 5G: vision and state of the art
Stefano Salsano
CNIT / Univ. of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
Project coordinator of EU H2020 Superfluidity project http://superfluidity.eu/
Invited talk – Session on Millimeter-wave and edge computing
SmartCom 2017 -The 4th International Workshop on Smart Wireless Communications
Rome, Italy - 24th October, 2017
A super-fluid, cloud-native, converged edge system
3. Technical challenges / KPIs for 5G
3
10x User data rate
20x Peak data rate
100x Area traffic capacity
100x Network energy efficiency
10x Lower latency
4. Facing the 5G challenges
4
Radio Access Network 5G Core Network
Air interface
Networking: edge/aggregation/core
Internet /
Cloud Datacenters
Datacenter
BackhaulFronthaul
5. Facing the 5G challenges
5
Radio Access Network 5G Core Network
Air interface
Networking: edge/aggregation/core
Internet /
Cloud Datacenters
Datacenter
BackhaulFronthaul
6. 5G networks: the approach to face the challenges
6
• “The 5G System architecture is defined to support data connectivity and
services enabling deployments to use techniques such as e.g. Network
Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN).” (*)
NVF + SDN (+MEC) =
Network softwarization
(*) 3GPP TS 23.501 V1.4.0 (2017-09)
7. Network softwarization
7
Radio Access Network 5G Core Network
A large distributed Datacenter to support all networking/processing functions
Internet /
Cloud Datacenters
Datacenter
BackhaulFronthaul
Air interface
NFV – Network Function Virtualization / SDN – Software Defined Networking / MEC – Multi-access Edge Computing
8. Network softwarization
8
The Network Softwarization is the way to meet the target
KPIs and reduce costs, thanks to:
- efficient utilization of resources
- reuse of functions
- flexibility in the design of services
Edge / Cloud RAN 5G Core Network Cloud Datacenters
9. Network softwarization
9
The Network Softwarization is the way to meet the target
KPIs and reduce costs, thanks to:
- efficient utilization of resources
- reuse of functions
- flexibility in the design of services
Edge / Cloud RAN 5G Core Network Cloud Datacenters
We want to reduce “space” and “time” granularity in allocation of the resources
10. From Network Softwarization to
Superfluid networking
Goals
• Instantiate network functions and services on-the-fly
• Run them anywhere in the network (core, aggregation, edge), across
heterogeneous infrastructure environments (computing and networking), taking
advantage of specific hardware features, such as high performance accelerators,
when available
Approach
• Decomposition of network components and services into elementary and
reusable primitives (“Reusable Functional Blocks – RFBs”)
• Platform-independent abstractions, permitting reuse of network functions
across heterogeneous hardware platforms
10
11. The Superfluidity vision
11
Current NFV
technology
Granularity
Time scale
Superfluid
NFV
technology
Days, Hours Minutes Seconds Milliseconds
Big VMs
Small
components
Micro
operations • From VNFs
(Virtual Network Functions)
to RFBs
Reusable Functional Blocks
12. Heterogeneous composition/execution environments
12
• Classical NFV environments (i.e. by ETSI NFV standards)
– VNFs are composed/orchestrated to realize Network Services
– VNFs can be decomposed in VNFC (VNF Components)
«Big»
VNF
«Big»
VNF
«Big»
VNF
«Big»
VNF
VNFC
VNFC
VNFC
VM
VM
13. Heterogeneous composition/execution environments
13
• Classical NFV environments (i.e. by ETSI NFV standards)
– VNFs are composed/orchestrated to realize Network Services
– VNFs can be decomposed in VNFC (VNF Components)
«Big»
VNF
«Big»
VNF
«Big»
VNF
«Big»
VNF
VNFC
VNFC
VNFC
VM
VM
- VNFC -> Full VMs (initially)
- Containers are now being
considered in the models
- We further consider the
Unikernels technology
15. Heterogeneous composition/execution environments
15
• Towards more «fine-grained» decomposition…
• XSFM-based (eXtended Finite State Machine) decomposition of
traffic forwarding / flow processing tasks, and HW support for
wire speed execution
16. The Superfluidity Architecture
16
RFB
#a
RFB
#b
RFB
#c
RFB
#n
(node-level) RDCL script
REE
RFB#2
(network-level) RDCL script
(network-wide) REE
RFB Execution Environment
RFB#1
(node-level) REE
RFB Execution Environment
RFB : Reusable Functional Blocks
RDCLs : RFB Description and Composition Languages
REE : RFB Execution Environments
REEs are heterogeneous and can be nested
17. The Superfluidity Architecture (APIs)
17
RFB
#a
RFB
#b
RFB
#c
RFB
#n
(node-level) RDCL script
REE
RFB#2
(network-level) RDCL script
REE
Manager
REE User
REE
Resource
Entity
UM API
MR API
REE
User
UM API
REE
Resource
Entity
REE
Manager
(network-wide) REE
RFB Execution Environment
RFB#1
MR API(node-level) REE
RFB Execution Environment
18. (Towards) Common Abstractions
for Heterogeneous Environments
18
REE - RFB Execution
Environment(s)
RFBs Description & Composition
Languages (RDCLs) and tools
• “Traditional” NFVI infrastructure
hypervisors with Full VMs
• NFVI with containers
• Unikernel based virtualization
• Software modular routers
environments (e.g. Click)
• Radio processing SW modules
• Hardware packet processors
• ETSI VNF descriptors / NEMO
• MISTRAL – HEAT
• Docker Compose …
• Click configurations / SEFL /
Symnet
• PN (Process Networks), SDF
(Synchronous Data Flow)…
• XFSMs (eXtended Finite State
Machines)
20. Unikernels: a tool for superfluid virtualization
Containers
e.g. Docker
• Lightweight (not enough?)
• Poor isolation
20
Hypervisors (traditional VMs)
e.g. XEN, KVM, wmware…
• Strong isolation
• Heavyweight
Unikernels
Specialized VMs (e.g. MiniOS, ClickOS…)
• Strong isolation
• Very Lightweight
• Very good security properties
They break the “myth” of VMs being heavy weight…
21. What is a Unikernel?
• Specialized VM: single application +
minimalistic OS
• Single address space,
co-operative scheduler so low
overheads
• Unikernel virtualization platforms
extend existing hypervisors (e.g. XEN)
driver1
driver2
app1
(e.g., Linux, FreeBSD)
KERNELSPACEUSERSPACE
app2
appNdriverN
Vdriver1
vdriver2
app
SINGLEADDRESS
SPACE
21
General purpose OS Unikernel
a minimalistic OS
(e.g., MiniOS, Osv)
22. Unikernels (ClickOS) memory footprint and boot time
VM configuration: MiniOS, 1 VCPU, 8MB RAM, 1 VIF
• ~ 2 ms
• 87.77 ms
22
Boot time, state of the art results
Recent results from Superfluidity,
by redesigning the XEN toolstack
Memory footprint
• Hello world guest VM : 296 KB
• Ponger (ping responder) guest VM : ~700KB
23. Unikernels (ClickOS) memory footprint and boot time
VM configuration: MiniOS, 1 VCPU, 8MB RAM, 1 VIF
23
Boot time, state of the art results
Memory footprint
• Hello world guest VM : 296 KB
• Ponger (ping responder) guest VM : ~700KB
Recent results from Superfluidity,
by redesigning the XEN toolstack
• ~ 2 ms
• 87.77 ms
25. VM instantiation and boot time
typical performance (no Unikernels)
25
Orchestrator
request
VIM
operations
Virtualization
Platform
Guest OS (VM)
Boot time
1-2 s
5-10 s
~1 s
26. VM instantiation and boot time
typical performance (no Unikernels)
26
Orchestrator
request
VIM
operations
Virtualization
Platform
Guest OS (VM)
Boot time
1-2 s
~1 ms
~1 ms
XEN Hypervisor
Enhancements
Unikernels
Unikernels and Hypervisor can provide
low instantiation times for “Micro-VNF”
27. VM instantiation and boot time
typical performance (no Unikernels)
27
Orchestrator
request
VIM
operations
Virtualization
Platform
Guest OS (VM)
Boot time
1-2 s
~1 ms
~1 ms
XEN Hypervisor
Enhancements
Unikernels
Can we improve VIM
performances?
Unikernels and Hypervisor can provide
low instantiation times for “Micro-VNF”
28. Results – Unikernels (ClickOS) instantiation times
in VIMs (OpenStack, Nomad, OpenVIM)
28
OpenStack Nova
Nomad
seconds
seconds
OpenVIM
seconds
29. There is no comparison implied…
• NB: the purpose of the work was NOT to compare OpenStack vs.
Nomad vs. OpenVIM. The goal was to understand how the different
VIMs behave and find ways to reduce instantiation times.
• A direct comparison makes few sense. OpenStack is a much more
complete framework in terms of offered functionality and different
types of supported hypervisors. Note also that we have put most of our
efforts into the optimization of OpenVIM because it was simpler to
modify for our purposes.
29
31. Orchestration of heterogeneous and nested RFBs
• Extended the ETSI NFV models to support:
– coexistence of VMs, containers, unikernels
– nested decomposition of one “VDU” into a modular software router platform
(click router)
• Developed the RDCL 3D tool to demonstrate the extended models
• Extended the OpenStack networking with “kuryr” project to support
the networking of VMs and containers
31
32. Working prototype
RDCL 3D: RFB Description and Composition Language Design Deploy and Direct
32
This is a regular
VM (XEN HVM)
These are 3 Unikernel
VMs
(ClickOS)
33. Working prototype
RDCL 3D: RFB Description and Composition Language Design Deploy and Direct
33
This is a regular
VM (XEN HVM)
These are 3
Unikernel VMs
(ClickOS)
34. Working prototype
RDCL 3D: RFB Description and Composition Language Design Deploy and Direct
34
This is a regular
VM (XEN HVM)
These are 3
Unikernel VMs
(ClickOS)
35. Working prototype
RDCL 3D: RFB Description and Composition Language Design Deploy and Direct
35
This is a regular
VM (XEN HVM)
These are 3
Unikernel VMs
(ClickOS)
Live demo of RDCL 3D prototype:
http://rdcl-demo.netgroup.uniroma2.it/
37. Network Functions reuse/migration
37
NFV-like VNF
management
General purpose
Computing
Platform (CPUs)
specific
VNF
VM
General purpose
Computing
Platform (CPUs)
specific
VNF
VM
SDN-like
Configuration
deployment
The ‘traditional’ VNF’s view
General purpose computing platform
Deploy VNFs over the VMs
Full flexibility (VNF = ‘anything’ coded in ‘any’ language)
Performance limitations (slow path execution)
Pre-implemented
match/action table
OpenFlow
(HW) switch
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
flow-mod
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
flow-mod
Pre-implemented
match/action table
OpenFlow
(HW) switch
Traditional SDN southbound (OpenFlow)
Domain-specific platform (OpenFlow router)
move ‘config’ of a (pre-implemented!) flow-table
Extremely limited flexibility (hardly an NF)
Line-rate performance (TCAM/HW)
38. Network Functions reuse/migration
38
NFV-like VNF
management
General purpose
Computing
Platform (CPUs)
specific
VNF
VM
General purpose
Computing
Platform (CPUs)
specific
VNF
VM
SDN-like
Configuration
deployment
The ‘traditional’ VNF’s view
General purpose computing platform
Deploy VNFs over the VMs
Full flexibility (VNF = ‘anything’ coded in ‘any’ language)
Performance limitations (slow path execution)
Pre-implemented
match/action table
OpenFlow
(HW) switch
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
flow-mod
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
Flow table Entry
flow-mod
Pre-implemented
match/action table
OpenFlow
(HW) switch
Traditional SDN southbound (OpenFlow)
Domain-specific platform (OpenFlow router)
move ‘config’ of a (pre-implemented!) flow-table
Extremely limited flexibility (hardly an NF)
Line-rate performance (TCAM/HW)
Lean towards ‘more
domain specific’
network computing HW
Lean towards ‘more
expressive’ programming
constructs / APIs
39. References
• SUPERFLUIDITY project Home Page http://superfluidity.eu/
• G. Bianchi, et al. “Superfluidity: a flexible functional architecture for 5G networks”, Transactions on
Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 27, no. 9, Sep 2016
• F. Manco, C. Lupu, F. Schmidt, J. Mendes, S. Kuenzer, S. Sati, K. Yasukata, C. Raiciu, F. Huici,
“My VM is Lighter (and Safer) than your Container”, 26th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems
Principles, SOSP 2017, October 28-31, 2017, Shanghai, China
• P. L. Ventre, C. Pisa, S. Salsano, G. Siracusano, F. Schmidt, P. Lungaroni,
N. Blefari-Melazzi, “Performance Evaluation and Tuning of Virtual Infrastructure Managers for
(Micro) Virtual Network Functions”,
IEEE NFV-SDN Conference, Palo Alto, USA, 7-9 November 2016
http://netgroup.uniroma2.it/Stefano_Salsano/papers/salsano-ieee-nfv-sdn-2016-vim-performance-for-unikernels.pdf
39
Architecture
Unikernels
40. References
• S. Salsano, F. Lombardo, C. Pisa, P. Greto, N. Blefari-Melazzi,
“RDCL 3D, a Model Agnostic Web Framework for the Design and Composition of NFV Services”,
3rd IEEE International Workshop on Orchestration for Software Defined Infrastructures, O4SDI at
IEEE NFV-SDN conference, Berlin, 6-8 November 2017
• S. Salsano, L. Chiaraviglio, N. Blefari-Melazzi, C. Parada, F. Fontes, R. Mekuria, D. Griffioen,
“Toward Superfluid Deployment of Virtual Functions: Exploiting Mobile Edge Computing for Video
Streaming”, Soft5 Workshop, 1st International Workshop on Softwarized Infrastructures for 5G and
Fog Computing, in conjunction with 29th ITC conference, Genoa, Italy, 8th September 2017
40
NFV models and tools
MEC Multi-access Edge Computing
41. References
• L. Chiaraviglio, L. Amorosi, S. Cartolano, N. Blefari-Melazzi, P. Dell’Olmo, M. Shojafar, S. Salsano,
“Optimal Superfluid Management of 5G Networks”,
3rd IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization, NetSoft 2017, 3-7 July 2017, Bologna, Italy.
• L. Chiaraviglio, N. Blefari-Melazzi, C.F. Chiasserini, B. Iatco, F. Malandrino, S. Salsano,
“An Economic Analysis of 5G Superfluid Networks”,
18th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (IEEE HPSR), 18-21
June 2017, Campinas, Brazil.
• M. Shojafar, L. Chiaraviglio, N. Blefari-Melazzi, S. Salsano,
“P5G: A bio-inspired algorithm for the superfluid management of 5G Networks”,
IEEE GLOBECOM 2017, 4-8 December, 2017, Singapore.
41
NFV Infrastructures optimal design, planning, management
42. Take home messages
• Superfluid networking: a vision to fully exploit the network
softwarization approach
• Decomposition in “small” Reusable Functional Blocks to reduce the
space granularity in the allocation of resources
• Redesign of the orchestration models and tools for dynamic
deployment of services to reduce the time granularity in the
allocation of resources
• Orchestration models and tools need to take into account
heterogeneity of Execution Environment and support “nested”
decomposition across multiple Execution Environments
42
43. Thank you. Questions?
Contacts
Stefano Salsano
University of Rome Tor Vergata / CNIT
stefano.salsano@uniroma2.it
http://superfluidity.eu/
The work presented here only covers a subset of the work performed in the project
43
44. The SUPERFLUIDITY project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.671566
(Research and Innovation Action).
The information given is the author’s view and does not necessarily represent the view
of the European Commission (EC). No liability is accepted for any use that may be
made of the information contained.
44