The two boys, Aram and Mourad, displayed innocence in several ways in the story "The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse": - Though they knew Mourad had stolen the horse, their love for the animal and desire to ride it overwhelmed any sense of wrongdoing. - They simply wanted to enjoy the horse without harming it or its owner, keeping it hidden and well-cared for. Money was not a motive. - When the owner John Byro recognized signs it was his horse, the boys did not try to deceive him, maintaining their honest reputation was important. - Ultimately they realized stealing was against their family's principles of integrity, and returned the horse, prioritizing

3. • Aram and Mourad are cousins in the Garoghlanian
family (an Armenian tribe), which has a reputation
for honesty that has been maintained by its family
members for hundreds of years. But the tribe is
extremely poverty stricken though they never resort
to unfair means to get money. Both boys long to
ride a horse, but their poverty keeps them from
their deepest dream. Early one morning, Mourad
shows up at Aram 's home on a charming white
horse.
.

4. • Aram is awestruck! He cannot understand where
Mourad got this beautiful horse when they do not
have enough money to afford one. But he also cannot
think that his cousin--a member of the honest tribe--
can ever steal. But he is too surprised to try and find
out the truth.He so longs for a ride. Also Mourad is
determined to keep it, and they try their best to keep
the horse a secret from others and learn to ride it.

5. • In the days to follow, both the boys take out the
horse from its hiding place every morning to ride in
the countryside. Though, only Mourad can ride the
horse properly as he has mastered the art by having
riding practice for a month before revealing his secret
to Aram. Aram tries hard to master the skill. He is
determined to learn to ride and tells Mourad not to
return the horse until he himself learns to ride.
Mourad says it would take Aram a year to learn to
ride. He cannot keep the horse that long but Aram
tells him to keep it.
.

6. • Mourad has a special quality---a deep understanding with
all animals. He says "I have a way with a horse". Really he
has a way with all animals and birds. Once he was
repairing the hurt wing of a young robin and whispering to
it. Mourad is considered a craazy fellow--the descendant of
his craazy uncle Khusrove. Uncle Khusrove has a very bad
temper and always stops people from talking by shouting--
"It 's no harm,pay no attention to it!" Even when his son
informs him that their house in on fire when uncle is having
a hair-cut, uncle simply sends the boy away repeating his
famed dialogue! Also when John Byro--the real owner of
the stolen horse-- comes to Aram 's house to recount his
sad tale of losing his beautiful horse, uncle simply says the
matter is of no use and he should pay no attention to it.
Then follows a humorous conversation between Khusrove
and Byro at the end of which the sad farmer stomps out
the house in frustration.

7. •
One day when Mourad and Aram are taking the horse
to the farm at which they have been hiding it, they
come face to face with the horse 's owner John Byro.
He looks at the horse very eagerly and studies it tooth
by tooth. He exclaims that this white horse is identical
to the one horse he owns. Finally he says that it cannot
be the same one, for the Garoghlanian tribe is noted
for its honesty. Aram notes that Mou‫צ‬ing thing
happens. The guard dogs of John Byro instead of
barking at the strangers follow them around silently.
Yes Mourad communicates with them, perhaps telling
them to not make noise!

8. • The next day John Byro visits the Garoghlanian family
home to tell of a great miracle. The horse which had
mysteriously disappeared from his barn has returned!
It was a very amazing happening; and the horse
returned better trained and well-tempered. All this
happened due to Mourad. This is the story of the
beautiful white horse.The Garoghlanian family thus
maintained their good name too

10. Question.1:
• What was the author’s (narrator’s) immediate
reaction when he saw his cousin Mourad sitting
on a beautiful white horse?
Answer.1:
• When the author saw his cousin Mourad sitting
on a beautiful white horse, he could not believe
it. The author rubbed his eyes to make sure that
he was not dreaming. He could not understand
how a poor boy like Mourad could afford to
own such a horse.

11. Question.2:
• Why did the narrator believe that “stealing a horse for a
ride” was not the same thing as “stealing money”? Or,
What were the narrator’s views about “stealing”?
Answer.2:
• The narrator tried to justify the action the action of his
cousin Mourad. According to narrator, stealing a horse just
for a ride as Mourad did was not the same thing as stealing
for money. It would amount to stealing in real sense only if
one intended to sell the horse or the stolen material for
money.

12. Question.3:
• Describe the Garoghlanian family. Mention two
qualities of the members of its family.
Answer.3:
• The Garoghlanian family lived in abject poverty. They
were too poor to buy even food for themselves. Yet
they never thought of doing a wrong thing or take
advantage of others in the world. Stealing was
unimaginable to them.The members of Garoghlanian
family were especially known for their two qualities -
integrity and honesty.

13. Question.4:
• What was the autor’s immediate reaction when
he saw his cousin Mourad sitting on a beautiful
white horse
Answer.4:
• When the author saw his cousin Mourad sitting
on a beautiful white horse , he could not belive
it
The autour rubbed his eyes to make sure that
he was not dreaming . He could not understand
how a poor like Mourad could not afford to own
such a horse.

14. Question.5:
• What was aram's experience when he first rode
the horse alone?
Answer.5:
• Aram loved horses. One of his most cherished dreams was to
have a horse ride. When his cousin Mourad brought the
white horse he could not believe his eyes. He was
mesmerised by seeing the grandeur of the horse. When
Mourad asks him to have a ride he couldn’t hold himself.
Initially they had a ride together but afterward Aram insisted
on having a ride all by himself. When Aram first rode the
horse alone, it did not move. Mourad gave him direction on
how to ride. But when Aram kicked the horse, it snorted and
then started running furiously. It did not run across the field,
instead went towards the vineyard of Dikran Halabian. There
it leaps vehemently and the author falls down. He found it
really hard to tackle the horse

15. Question.6:
• What were the characterstics of uncle Khoshrove?
Answer.6:
• Uncle Khosrove has a very bad temper and always stops
people from talking by shouting--"It 's no harm,pay no
attention to it!" Even when his son informs him that their
house in on fire when uncle is having a hair-cut, uncle
simply sends the boy away repeating his famed dialogue!
Also when John Byro--the real owner of the stolen horse--
comes to Aram 's house to recount his sad tale of losing
his beautiful horse, uncle simply says the matter is of no
use and he should pay no attention to it

16. Question.7:
• Where did the boys hide the horse for the night Aram and
Mourad hid the horse in a barn of a abandoned vineyard. It
was once the possession of a farmer named Fetvajian mourad
is an animal lover. support with examples?
Answer.7:
• Mourad could be termed as an animal lover. He was fanatical
about horse. He is so fanatical about horse, that he could do
anything for it. Sometimes people compared his craziness
with his uncle. To fulfill his dream he once stole a white horse.
He took many happy rides on it. He shared his happiness with
his cousin Aram, who too was a horse lover though not like
Mourad. Mourad not only rode the horse but he was also
compassionate about the animal. He took good care of the
horse and knew all its ways. He was a fast learner so learnt all
the tactics about how to ride a horse well.

17. Question.8:
• What did john byro think that the horse was the
twin of his horse?
Answer.8:
• John Byro thought the white horse to be a twin of
his lost one as though the horse the children had
with them was similar to his in every aspect, he
couln't believe that they, belonging to the honest
Garoghlanian tribe, could have been the ones to
steal it.

19. • What is your view about role of aram,the
narrator,in the story "The summer of the
beautiful white horse"?

20. • Aram was a member of Garoghalanian tribe. His
earliest dreams were the dreams of horse riding but his
economic condition never allowed this. Even though he
realised that the horse brought by Mourad was a stolen
one, he agreed for a ride as he felt stealing a horse for
the sake of riding is not stealing at all. It could be called
stealing only if they tried to sell the horse. So, he
enjoyed a great ride with his cousin. However, he had a
bad experience when he rode alone. The horse leaped
over seven vines before he fell. He wished he also knew
to have a way with horses just like Mourad.
The author or the narrator in this story was a tourist
who visited Verona. When he met the boys, he was
impressed with their sincerity and hence

21. • Describe the features of the Garoghlanian
family?

22. • The Garoghlanian family though now poor was
famous for their honesty even when they were
wealthy. They were proud first, honest next and
after that they believed in right and wrong.
None of them would take advantage of
anybody in the world. They would not steal. No
member of this family could be a thief

23. • Do you think John Byro recognised his horse ? why
did he not accuse the boys of stealing the horse?

24. • A suspicious man would tend to believe the evidence
that is present in front of him and in John Byro's
case,he could have accused Aram and Maroud of
stealing his horse because the one which they had was
exactly like his stolen horse. But Byro was not a
suspicious man,he was aware of the fact that the boys'
family was famed for their honesty, it had been the
watermark of their family for several generations. So he
took the boys at face value and chose to believe in what
he knew by heart and not what he saw in front of him.
In all probability he must have recognised his horse but
he gave the boys the benefit of doubt keeping his faith
in the impeccable reputation of their family for honesty
and integrity. A suspicious man would have taken the
visual evidence and charged them with larceny.

25. • Why were the garoghalian family members first
proud and then honest?

26. • The Garoghlanianfamily had been famous for their
honesty for eleven centuries, even when they had
been the wealthiest families in the world. Being
honest ran in their blood. They were proud first,
honest next, and after that they believed in values
like right and wrong. They were so honest that none
of them would take advantage of anybody in the
world, let alone steal.

27. • The distribution of the various kinds of spirits of our
tribe had been from the beginning capricious
vagrant. " Elucidate.

28. • The narrator says that the distribution of the spirit in
their tribe was from the beginning capricious and
vagrant because a man could be the biological father
of his son but in temperament and disposition,the son
and father would be two totally different people. He
talks about Mourad who was the son of Zorab but in
spirit he was more akin to Khosrove who was a man of
placid disposition and nothing could unnerve him,not
even his own house on fire. Mourad was believed to
be the natural descendant of this man though his
father was a different man,practical in nature. This was
how it worked in the tribe, men had biological as well
as spiritual fathers.

30. • We are nothing but our values".discuss
with refarence to the story ' the summer
of the beautiful white horse‘?

31. • In the story of “The Summer of the White
Horse”, we see how the ideals of the boys
help them to decide which is wrong or
which is right for them. Initially, the two
innocent boys hide the truth of the stolen
horse from everyone

32. • We are nothing but values. Values are the very base
of any human. Without principles we don’t have any
worth. Ethics of a person differentiate him from
others. A person with value is a much superior
person. It is not always necessary to be wealthy or
highly educated, but it is necessary to have good
values. Values show us the correct way of our life.
We inherit these values from our elders. It is values
which brings people together.

33. • . Although they had no intention of selling the
horse for money but they were crazy about
horses and so, they wanted to fulfill their
cherished dream of riding a horse. However,
when they realize that they were going against
the principles of their tribe, a tribe which was
known for their honesty even in the face of
adversity, they felt ashamed. Their conscience
aroused. They realized their mistake and then
returned the horse to the owner.

34. • Mourad said "i have a way with the
horse". Do you agree justify?

35. • Mourad had a way with the horse which means he
had a special innate knack that helped deal with
the animal. He could keep it calm so that it
performed according to his wishes. The horse itself
allowed Mourad to ride it, he would kick his heels
into the horse and shout for the horse to run and
the horse would burst into a fury of speed which
was a sight to behold. He raced the horse across a
field of dry grass into an irrigation ditch, crossed
the ditch on the horse and returned dripping wet
after five minutes without the hint of trouble

36. • Why did the narrator beleve that stealing a horse for
a ride was not the same things as stealing the
money?or what were the narrator's views about
stealing?

37. • When Aram saw that his cousin Mourad had stolen a
horse, he was astonished. It was against the practice of
their tribe. However, he reconciled and was not angry
with Mourad. Rather, he tried to provide a good reason
for Mourad’s act. Aram did not believe that the act of
stealing a horse was as serious as the stealing of money.
Aram considered the stealing of money as more
offensive act. Moreover, he tried to justify themselves
by saying that they were only enjoying the ride and not
selling the horse for money. Actually the two innocent
boys tried fulfilling their long treasured dream by any
means.

38. • Explain "a man could be the father of his son's flesh,
but that did not mean that he was also the father of
his spirit.”?

39. • Mouradwas considered to be the craziest among his
family members because he was considered to be the
natural descendant of the crazy streak in the tribe. He was
unlike his fatherZorab, a practical man but quite like his
ancestorKhosrovewho was temperamental to say the
least. In their family, a man could be the father of his son's
flesh but that did not mean he was the father of his spirit
too. The distribution of the various kinds of spirit in their
tribe had always been capricious and vagrant. So a person
like Mouraddid not take after his biological father but
followed his uncle in their spiritual framework of the mind
.

40. • Mouradenjoyed being alive more than anybody else
who had ever fallen into the world by mistake. He
would steal a horse not out of malice or greed but
just to take care of the animal or enjoy its company.
What the world would term as scatterbrained but in
actuality, he was a kind, generous and independent
spirit who only answered to the callings of his hear

41. • Explain:"Mourad enjoyed being alive....by mistake"

42. • Mourad was considered to be mentally disabled,
because of his unusual behavior. However, he had
"a way with animals", which meant he could relate
to animals in a manner better than most people.
This ability of Mourad made Aram consider him to
be much more "human" than others. When Mourad
rode the white horse, he looked much more at ease
and resplendent than any other rider, would. Hence,
Aram considered Mourad to be better than other
members of the tribe in spite of his "disability"

43. • Describe the innocence of two boys in the summer
of the beautiful horse?

44. • Aram and Murad were two innocent boys who may have
had a hard life but the important human values had been
inculcated in them in spite of their poor financial
conditions.​Aramwas both delighted and frightened upon
seeingMouradriding a beautiful horse because he could not
stop himself from admiring the beauty of the horse. He had
harboured hopes of actually riding one but at the same time
he feared that it had been stolen.Mourad'sact of stealing
the horse would bring dishonour to the family. He could see
the magnificence of the horse,a tangible creature but he
knew that the horse could not have belonged to his family
or bought by any of them. They were too poor for that. He
couldn't allow himself to think thatMouradmight have
stolen because nobody in theGaroghlanianfamily could be a
thief. The horse was definitely stolen andAramwas
frightened of the repercussions of this act. These boys were
not at all greedy but conscientious, they had always planned
to returned the horse to its rightful owner.

45. CRITICAL
ANALYSIS

46. • The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse is a story about the
innocence of childhood, painted in the golden colours of a
beautiful time when life was simple and honesty was a valued
trait. Aram andMurad were two innocent boys who lived a hard
life but they were not short of important human values such as
honesty and purity of heart.​ The Garoghlanian family was very
poor,they had no money and their whole tribe was poverty-
stricken. Every branch of the family was deeply mired in poverty
and not even the old men in the family could fathom from where
they got the money to provide for food in their bellies. But the
family was famous for its honesty. The family had been famed for
its honesty for close to eleven centuries, even when they were
considered to be one of the wealthiest families. The people of the
family were proud first, then honest next and after that believed in
right and wrong. They never took advantage of anybody nor did
they steal from anyone. No member of the family could ever be a
thief and Mourad reaffirms that faith in the family that people
had. The story shows that values are more important than all the
money one could have. It also paints a beautiful picture of
childhood and the simplicity of youth.

47. • Due to paucity of time it would not be possible for us to
solve all your queries.