Le Summer Event du 28 juin dernier fut riche d'enseignements et de découvertes ! Outre la visite des installations logistiques, de la station d'hydrogène et de son réseau et sa voiture, d'une présentation de Colruyt de sa vision énergétique, d'autres conférenciers ont partagé leur expertise (WaterstofNet, UCL & Hydrogenics).

1. Cluster Technology of
Wallonia Energy, Environment
and sustainable Development
28 June 2016 @ Halle
Event @ Colruyt
about Renewables
& Hydrogen

2. CONFERENCES
• TWEED & Agoria & Hosts : Introduction
• Colruyt : Vision of Colruyt about Renewables& Hydrogen
by Jonas Cautaerts, Colruyt Group
• Waterstofnet : Roadmap for H2Mobility Belgium
by Wouter Vanderlaek, Waterstofnet
• "Power-To-Hydrogen : How big can/should we get ? »
by Prof. Joris Proost, UCL
• Presentation of the installation @ Halle
by Denis Thomas, Hydrogenics

3. Hydrogen @ Colruyt Group
28th June 2016
jonas.cautaerts@colruytgroup.com
TWEED-AGORIA Event

4. 1 Colruyt
Group

5. History
TWEED-AGORIA Event
Bakery
1900-1930
Wholesale
1930-1955
Discounter
1955-1995
Retail Group
1995-Current

6. Mission
TWEED-AGORIA Event

7. Who?
TWEED-AGORIA Event
234
98
11
67
39
17
2
214 270
112

8. TWEED-AGORIA Event
Sustainability
simplysustainable.com
People Environment Products

9. 2 Environment

10. Colruyt Group and energy
Energy production
(wind, solar and CHP)
Energy consumption
(behaviour and infrastructure)
Flexible supply and demand
management

11. Renewable energy
11
windturbines
(febr 2016)
25,1
MW
14.500
ton CO2
reductie
43
locaties
6,8
MWp
1788
ton CO2
reductie
1
warmtekrach-
koppelings-
installatie
926
kW
thermisch
889
kW
elektrisch
545
ton CO2
reductie

12. Alternative fuels
DATS 24 commits to
Hydrogen stations
Zero-emission fuels
of the future
CNG = transition fuel

13. Transport of goods
Silent delivery
Sustainable fleet

14. 2012 - 2015:
Test (11 units)
2016 - … :
roll out (200)
Logistics

15. TWEED-AGORIA Event
3500 Fillings
2650 kg
Nov ‘11 – Jun ‘16
- PEM electrolysis
(2,7kg/u)
- Storage: 46 kg
- Fuel Cell (120kW)
- Alkaline electrolysis
(2,7kg/u)
- Compressor
- Storage: 39 kg
Hydrogen @ Colruyt Group

16. Hydrogen activities + ambitions
• Don Quichote (FCH-JU)
• CertifHy (FCH-JU)
• Public hydrogen station
• Hydrogen material handling vehicles
+ indoor dispensing
• Heavy-duty transport with hydrogen range extender
TWEED-AGORIA Event

17. H2-Mobility Belgium
Wouter Vanderlaek
Mobile: 0031(0)620943104 / 0032(0)492318403
june 28, 2016
Cofinanced by
Flemish Government

18. Agenda
1. WaterstofNet
2. Projects
3. H2Mobility Belgium

19. WaterstofNet
Non-profit, founded 2009
Focus on hydrogen projects
(mobility and energy storage)
Developing, realising,
coordinating/managing,
communication & dissemination
Partnering with regional
companies, governments,
knowledge institutes

20. Projects

21. 1MW fuel cell plant (Solvay)
1MW (1,6MW Piek) electricity coupled
with 6kV Net
168 stacks
12 600 cells (75/stack)
70 kg hydrogen/hour
Realisations Hydrogen region 1.0

22. Hydrogen refueling station Halle
Operational: since 2012
Location: Halle, Belgium
Production: renewable hydrogen
from sun & wind, electrolyses 30
Nm3/h or 2,7 kg/hr
Pressure level: 350 bar
Storage: 55 kg
Application: forklift trucks
Realisations Hydrogen region 1.0

23. Hydrogen refueling station
Helmond
Operational: since 2013
Location: Helmond The Netherlands
Production: renewable hydrogen,
electrolyses 30 Nm3/h or 2,7 kg/hr
Pressure level: 350 & 700 bar
Storage: 50 kg
Application: passenger vehicles, buses,
garbage truck
Prestaties (April 2016):
500 x getankt (80x bus/vuilniswagen & 420x
personenvoertuigen)
1.750 kg getankt
95-97% beschikbaarheid
Realisations Hydrogen region 1.0

24. Bus with fuel cell range
extender
Bus VDL, Citea / 12 meter
Mileage ca 300 km
Driveline: Fuel cell with battery
system
Hydrogen storage 25 kg
Realisations Hydrogen region 1.0

25. Garbage truck with fuel cell
range extender
Testplatform DAF CF 75 FA
Driveline fuel cell Nedstack (32
kW)
Li-ion battery 144 kWh
Pressure level 350 bar
Efficiency 6-9 kg /100 km
Mileage 360 km
Realisations Hydrogen region 1.0

26. 2 boats with fuel cell
HYDROGEN XPERIANCE
Vaartuig: Vlet 700, 7,26 m x 2,30 m x
0,60 m (L x B x D)
Ontwikkelde drijflijn: PEM-brandstofcel
(1,2 – 2 kW), accu’s (48 V, 230 Ah)
Opslag waterstof: 200 bar, 4 flessen
van 30 liter (watervolume)
WECO 635
Vaartuig: spitgat sloep, 6,35 m x 2,30
m x 0,55 m (L x B x D)
Klassieke drijflijn: 11 kW diesel met
2,2 elektromotor met batterij (48 V, 55
Ah)
Ontwikkelde drijflijn: PEM-brandstofcel
(2 – 5 kW)
Opslag waterstof: 350 bar
Realisations Hydrogen region 1.0

27. Power to mobility/power
Realisation project ‘Don Quichote’
9 march 2016
July 2016
august 2016september 2016
Benchmark alkalyc and PEM-elektrolyse,
Demonstration of hydrogen in logistic applications
and fuel cell (120 kW)
Cost: € 4,946,134
Funding FCH JU: € 2,954,846
Partners: WaterstofNet vzw, Etablissement
Franz Colruyt NV, TUV Rheinland,
JRC,Thinkstep, Icelandic New Energy Ltd, FAST

28. 3EMOTION
Objective: 27 FCB & 3 new Hydrogen
Refuelling Stations
Cost: € 41,891,578.80
Funding FCH JU: € 14,999,983.00
Partners: WaterstofNet vzw, VAN
HOOL N.V, AIR LIQUIDE ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGIES SA,
Spin-off

29. Life and Grab Hy!
Demonstration of two new second
generation garbage trucks with fuel
cell within 10 EU cities
Two different types
Spin-off

30. H2ME
Objective: develop early networks
of refuelling stations to prepare
market for commercial introduction
of innovative zero emission vehicles
over coming years.
Role Wnet: communication of
results to Benelux stakeholders
Spin-off

31. Roadmap power-to-gas
Funding: Flemish region
Partners: Hydrogenics, Umicore,
Colruyt Group, Eandis, Fluxys, Elia,
Sustesco, WaterstofNet
Spin-off

32. Hydrogen region 2.0
H2 refueling stations (Breda, Antwerp)
Indoor refueling forklift trucks (Halle)
Mobile refueler 350 bar
Upgrade H2 station (Helmond)
Demo forklift trucks
Demo heavy duty truck (40 ton)
Demo garbage truck
Total costs: €14 milj.
Private contribution: €6.2 milj
Partners
Cofinanced by:

33. H2-Mobility Belgium

34. Objective
To develop a national implementation plan (NIP)
To prepare the Belgium market for the introduction of FCEV (buses and
passenger vehicles)

35. Approach
Desk study (existing plans and targets neighboring countries, analyzing
TEN-T road networks with Belgium cities and bus depots etc.)
Using own experience (operator of 2 hydrogen refueling stations,
experience within several hydrogen projects)
Many meetings (industrial stakeholders, governments etc. )
Calculations
Extensive involvement stakeholders reviewing executive summary

36. TEN-T core/compreh. network
North Sea Baltic Corridor Rhine Alpine Corridor North Sea-Mediterranean Corridor

37. Neighboring countries

38. Targets for Belgium
Assumptions
Growth rate neigbouring
countries
First stations in bigger cities,
close to fleets and were
possible along TEN-T
network

39. Targets for Belgium
Period FCEV Buses Hydrogen
(ton)
Electricity (TWh)
2015-2020 1.000 50 650 0,04
2020-2025 7.500 250 3.875 0,22
2025-2030 30.000 500 11.500 0,67
2030-2050 1.375.000 1.500 355.750 20,63

40. Market phases
Target Core
challenge
Objectives Result of phase Lead investors
market
preparation
(2015-2020)
HRS: 25
FCEV: 1.000
Buses: 50
Overcome
uncertainty
Build HRS network to sufficient
coverage
Enable sale or leasing of early
commercial vehicles
Monitor reliability of network
Enough demand and/or
projected demand
sufficient early
infrastructure coverage
Government
Strategic investors
early market
introduction
(2020-2025)
HRS:75
FCEV:7.500
Buses: 150
Maintain
investment
interest
Upgrade existing and build new
stations based upon FCEV
projections
Monitor reliability of network
Critically risk and
uncertainty have been
removed
Better understanding on
FCEV adoption, station
deployment timelines and
capability
Government
Strategic & equity
investors
full market
introduction
(2025-2030)
HRS:150
FCEV:30.000
Buses: 500
Enabling
transition to
and
competitive
private market
Build new stations
Downgrade governmental
support
Market takes over
development of network
Equity investors
Some government
support

41. Recommendations to government
Include hydrogen refueling stations in the Belgium national/regional policy
framework
Take facilitating role to create confidence in the market (synchronized ramp-up,
investment plan, implementation/coordination team, stimulate innovative
demonstration projects)
Align and stimulate developments in hydrogen mobility with other policy
plans/targets

42. Recommendations to government
Develop and introduce incentives to stimulate fuel cell electric vehicle purchase and
driving, also for niche fleets
Develop and introduce incentives to stimulate investment and operation of hydrogen
refueling stations (first mover advantage, tendering, minimum share 0-emission in
fleets, financing, increase strategic value of network)
Implement binding targets to reach ‘green’ hydrogen mobility market
Cooperate with neighboring Benelux-countries
Develop practical guidelines for hydrogen refueling stations and organize workshops
Start discussions around optimizing regulations, inspections, permitting etc

43. Thank you for your attention

44. Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)
Division of Materials and Process Engineering
Power-to-Hydrogen :
How big can (should) we get (by 2020) ?
Prof. dr. ir. Joris Proost
TWeeD-Agoria Summer Event on Renewables & Hydrogen Colruyt Halle, 28/06/2016

45. 1. the context
2. the technological challenge(s)
3. the WallonHY project
4. the Belgian perspectives (by 2020)

46. Hydrogen (H2) : « the Holy Trinity »
“ Oui, mes amis, je crois que l’eau sera un jour
employée comme combustible, que l’hydrogène et
l’oxygène, qui la constituent, utilisés isolément ou
simultanément, fourniront une source de chaleur et
de lumière inépuisables et d’une intensité que la
houille ne saurait avoir. ”
Jules Verne, L’île mystérieuse (1874).
C + O2 CO2 + heat
2H2 + O2 2H2O + electricity
1
2
1 zero-tolerance vs. CO2
2 efficiency doubled
(cold vs. hot combustion)
3
3 fully reversible
(almost zero entropic losses)

47. Renewables & H2 : Power-to-H2 (P2H)
PRODUCTION
STORAGE
& PIPING
Electrical line
H2-to-
power
H2-to-mobility
USE
& H2-to-X

48. Power-to-H2 electro-chemical H2 production
WATER ELECTROLYSIS

49. Water electrolysis : an old(-fashioned) technology
1953

50. 2009
Water electrolysis : kW MW
2-3 MW
???

51. Power-to-H2 (P2H) vs. Power-to-Gas (P2G)
Synthetic Natural Gas
(methane – CH4)
CH4 + 2O2
=
CO2 + 2H2O
2H2 + O2
=
2H2O
Methanation
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O
H2-to-
industry
(synthesis)

52. Belgium has H2 piping Power-to-H2 !!!

53. Power-to-H2 : long-term storage (on GW-scale)

54. P2H: (very) dynamic response

55. 1. the context
2. the technological challenge(s)
3. the WallonHY project
4. the Belgian perspectives (by 2020)

56. Water electrolysis scale-up into MW

57. Scale-up : how big can we get ?
1 MW : 100 cells !!!
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000
H2output[a.u.]
#Cells
Power Input [kW]

58. MW electrolysis scale-up = missing link !
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O2H2O 2H2 + O2
175 kW 2 MW

59. 1953
MW electrolysis so far : just multiply kW units
135 MW !!!

60. MW water electrolysis needs process intensification
2 MW 6 x 350 kW
Buy 5 .... get 1 free ???
Scale-up that reduces H2 price !!!

61. 1. the context
2. the technological challenge(s)
3. the WallonHY project
4. the Belgian perspectives (by 2020)

62. An elegant solution : 3-D (macro-porous) electrodes
Significantly improved H2 production rate MW input power :
1) more (internal) surface area for the same (macroscopic) volume ;
2) improved gas evolution ;
Fully compatible with current (kW) electrolyser technology :
• keep same (electro-catalytic) electrode material (Ni-alloys) ;
• keep same cell geometry (replacing 2-D by 3-D plate-like electrodes) ;

63. 3-D electrodes : effect of surface area
3-D : 8.3 dm2
2-D : 1.9 10-1 dm2 50
1-D : 2.8 10-3 dm2 3000
-3
-2
-1
0
-2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0
CathodepotentialE(V/SHE)
Current I (A)
1-D wire
2-D plate
3-D foam (100 ppi)
given/requested
H2 output (Nm3/hr)
-2,5
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
Cathode(over)potential(V)
Surface area [dm
2
]
I = 1 A
[de Radigues and Proost, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010]

64. 3-D electrodes : validated on lab-scale (UCL)
Significantly improved H2 production rate MW input power :
1) more (internal) surface area for the same (macroscopic) volume ;
2) improved gas evolution.
ANTICIPATED
Significantly improved H2 production rate :
1) increased surface area reduces overpotential ;
2) macro-porous 3-D morphology favours gas evolution ;
VALIDATED
single bubble
detachment
bubble growth
by coalescene
natural (free)
convection
growth of a
single bubble

65. Project « WallonHY » (2016-2019)
• « Power-to-H2: une feuille de route technologique et socio-
économique pour la réalisation d'un premier (site)
démonstrateur en Wallonie » ;
• Partners :
• Expected outcome :
pilot-scale electrolyser (3-D electrodes) ;
stake-holders manifest for H2 in Wallonia for 2020 - 2030 ;
integration in European H2-mobility corridor networks ;

66. 1. the context
2. the technological challenge(s)
3. the WallonHY project
4. the Belgian perspectives (by 2020)

67. Belgium lacks visibility (despite all regional efforts)

68. Belgium : national vs. regional
« standing still together ... »

70. Who does what (by 2020) ?
? ?
? ?

71. need for initiatives on the Belgian level !

75. (2015-2019)
(2020-2025)
International Energy Agency / Hydrogen Implementation Agreement

76. NIP H2 mobility Belgium : politically committed
(October 2015)

77. NIP H2 mobility Belgium
(1) HRS deployment
(2) H2-fueled cars

78. (3) H2-fueled busses
5 ton CO2 per (diesel) car per year
x 20
x 300050 H2‐busses allow for about the
same CO2‐reduction as 1000 H2‐cars
20

79. 2000
(measured)
loss in statistical life expectancy (in months)
attributed to particulate matters (PM)
Clean fuels for transport directive

80. NIP H2 mobility in Belgium : H2 consumption
0
50
100
150
200
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80 100
H
2
bus (22 kg/day)
H
2
car (0.7 kg/day)
H
2
consumption(kg/day)
H
2
production(kg/day)
Number of H
2
vehicles (car or bus)
1 MW 5 H2 busses
0
50
100
150
200
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
20
40
60
80
100
H
2
output[kg/day]
#Cells
Power Input [kW]
1 MW 120 kg H2/day
@ 33% capacity
1 H2‐bus sells 80,000 Euro H2 per year
1 H2‐car (only) 2,500 Euro ( 30 times less)

81. H2 bus demo-project « P2H2mobility » (2017 ?)
• 20 (2x10) H2 busses ;
• one 2 MW electrolyser ;

82. Benelux = one of 5 regional H2 bus clusters
Benelux !!!

83. Green H2 renewables in Belgium ???
Power-to-H2 H2-to-mobility
injection into grid
Total = 8% de la consommation
(objectif belge 2020 = 13%)
Source : www.apere.org/observatoires (merci à H2Net)

84. Green H2 : make it yourself (from renewables) !

85. P2H : how big should we get by 2020 ?
• strongly depends on users/applications ;
• current (EU) business model = H2 mobility ;
• requires on-site & green H2 production ;
• MW-scale is (in my opinion) « just what we need (by 2020) » ;

86. 2015 : 5,431 MW
2030 : 13,000 MW
2050 : 24,900 MW
• 100 MW electrolyser :
20.000 Nm3/hr
2 ton H2/day
• % of installed
renewable power :
1.8 0.8 0.4 %
• CAPEX (Euro/kW) :
1000 700 385
= same as for 50
2 MW electrolysers !
• electricity price ???
Euro/kWh Euro/kW
Grid-balancing = BelgHYum level ...
http://www.power-to-gas.be
H2 price
(Euro/kg)
SMR H2 4,5 Euro/kg

87. Project « BelgHYum » (Fall 2016) : P2H for grid-
balancing
• « Une Feuille de Route pour le Développement
d’une filière Hydrogène en Belgique » ;
• Partners :
• Expected outcome (horizon 2020-2025) :
grid-balancing opportunities of P2H in Belgium ;
electricity price regulations for such P2H services ;
stake-holders manifest for H2 in Belgium (outside mobility) ;

88. Summary : Belgian H2 future should look bright !!!

90. Cluster Technology of
Wallonia Energy, Environment
and sustainable Development
TWEED Asbl
Rue Natalis 2 – 4020 Liège – Belgium
Bricout Paul
Project engineer
pbricout@clustertweed.be
Olivier Ulrici
Project engineer
oulrici@clustertweed.be
Cédric Brüll
Director
cbrull@clustertweed.be
www.clustertweed.be