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2. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.50 Medical services and first aid
1926.50(a) “The employer shall insure the availability of
medical personnel for advice and consultation on
matters of occupational health.”
1926.50(b) “Provisions shall be made prior to
commencement of the project for prompt medical
attention in case of serious injury.”
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3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.50 Medical services and first aid
1926.50(c) “In the absence of an infirmary, clinic,
hospital, or physician, that is reasonably accessible
in terms of time and distance to the worksite, which
is available for the treatment of injured employees, a
person who has a valid certificate in first aid training
from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red
Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by
documentary evidence, shall be available at the
worksite to render first aid.”
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4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.50 Medical services and first aid
1926.50(d)(1) “First aid supplies shall be easily
accessible when required.”
1926.50(d)(2) “The contents of the first aid kit shall be
placed in a weather-proof container with individual
sealed packages for each type of item, and shall be
checked by the employer before being sent out on each
job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the
expended items are replaced.”
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5. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.50 Medical services and first aid
1926.50(e) “Proper equipment for prompt
transportation of the injured person to a physician or
hospital, or a communication system for contacting
necessary ambulance service, shall be provided.”
1926.50(f) “In areas where 911 is not available, the
telephone numbers of the physicians, hospitals, or
ambulances shall be conspicuously posted.”
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6. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.50 Medical services and first aid
1926.50(g) “Where the eyes or body of any person
may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials,
suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of
the eyes and body shall be provided within the work
area for immediate emergency use.”
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7. 7

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9. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.51 Sanitation
1926.51(a) Potable water. (1) “An adequate supply of
potable water shall be provided in all places of
employment.”
1926.51(a)(2) “Portable containers used to dispense
drinking water shall be capable of being tightly closed,
and equipped with a tap. Water shall not be dipped
from containers.”
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10. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.51 Sanitation
1926. 51(a)(3) “Any container used to distribute
drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature
of its contents and not used for any other purpose.”
1926.51(a)(4) “The common drinking cup is
prohibited.”
1926.51(a)(5) “Where single service cups (to be used
but once) are supplied, both a sanitary container for
the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the
used cups shall be provided.”

11. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.51 Sanitation
1926.51(b) Nonportable water. (1) “Outlets for
nonportable water, such as water for industrial or
firefighting purposes only, shall be identified by signs
meeting the requirements of subpart G of this part, to
indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be
used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes.”
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12. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.51 Sanitation
1926.51(c) Toilets at construction jobsites. (1) “Toilets
shall be provided for employees according to the
following table.”
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13. Table D - 1
Number of
Employees
20 or less 1
20 or more 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 workers
200 or more 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 workers

14. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
1926.52(a) “Protection against the effects of noise
exposure shall be provided when the sound levels
exceed those shown in Table D-2 of this section when
measured on the A-scale of a standard sound level
meter at slow response.”
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16. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
TABLE D-2 PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES
Duration per day, hours: Sound level dBA slow response
8………………………………… 90
6………………………………… 92
4………………………………… 95
3………………………………… 97
2………………………………… 100
1 ½……………………………… 102
1………………………………… 105
½………………………………... 110
¼ or less………………………… 115

17. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
1926.52(b) “When employees are subjected to sound
levels exceeding those listed in Table D-2 of this section,
feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be
utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels
within the levels of the table, personal protective
equipment as required in subpart E, shall be provided
and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the
table.”
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19. 19

20. Examples of Different
Noise Reduction Ratings
NRR 35 Decibels
NRR 29 Decibels
NRR 22 Decibels
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22. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
1926.52(c) “If the variations in noise level involve
maxima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be
considered continuous.”
1926.52(d)(1) “In all cases where the sound levels
exceed the values shown herein, a continuing,
effective hearing conservation program shall be
administered.”
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23. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
1926.52(d)(2)(i) “When the daily noise exposure is
composed of two or more periods of noise exposure of
different levels, their combined effect should be
considered, rather than the individual effect of each.
Exposure to different levels for various periods of time
shall be computed according to the formula set forth in
paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section.”
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24. Hand Tampers liberate
continuous noise even
though they are doing
impact work.
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25. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
1926.52(d)(2)(ii)
Fe = (T1/ L1) + (T2/L2 ) + (Tn/Ln)
Where:
Fe = The equivalent noise exposure factor.
T = The period of noise exposure at any essentially
constant level
L = The duration of the permissible noise exposure
at the constant level (from Table D-2).
If the value of Fe exceeds unity (1) the exposure
exceeds permissible levels.

26. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
1926.52(d)(2)(iii) “A sample computation showing an
application of the formula in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of
this section is as follows. An employee is exposed at
these levels for these periods:”
110 dbA ¼ hour.
100 dbA ½ hour.
90 dbA 1 ½ hours.
Fe = (1/4 / ½) + (1/2 / 2) + (1 ½ / 8)
Fe = 0.500 + 0.25 + 0.188
Fe = 0.938
The exposure is within permissible limits

27. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.52 Occupational noise exposure
“Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not
exceed 140 db peak sound pressure level.”
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29. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists.
1926.55(a) “Exposure of employees to inhalation,
ingestion, skin absorption, or contact with any
material or substance at a concentration above those
specified in the Threshold Limit Values of Airborne
Contaminants for 1970” of the American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, shall be
avoided. See Appendix A to this section.”
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30. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.56 Illumination
1926.56(a) General. “Construction areas, ramps,
runways, corridors, offices, shops, and storage areas
shall be lighted to not less than the minimum
illumination intensities listed in Table D-3 while any
work is in progress.”
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31. Foot candles Area of Operation
5............. General construction area lighting.
3............. General construction areas, concrete placement,
excavation and waste areas, access ways, active
storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and
field maintenance areas.
5............. Indoors: warehouses, corridors, hallways, and
exitways.
5............. Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas:
(Exception: minimum of 10 foot-candles is required
at tunnel and shaft heading during drilling,
mucking, and scaling. Bureau of Mines approved cap
lights shall be acceptable for use in the tunnel
heading)
10............ General construction plant and shops (e.g., batch
plants, screening plants, mechanical and
electrical equipment rooms, carpenter shops,
rigging lofts and active store rooms, mess halls,
and indoor toilets and workrooms.)
30............ First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.

32. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.57 Ventilation
1926.57(a) Whenever hazardous substances such as
dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are
produced in the course of construction work, their
concentrations shall not exceed the limits specified
in 1926.55(a)……..
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33. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1926.59 Hazard Communication
1926.59 Hazard Communication.
NOTE: “The requirements applicable to construction
work under this section are identical to those set forth
at 1910.1200 of this chapter.”
1910.1200(a) Purpose. (1) The purpose of this section is
to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced or
imported are evaluated, and that information
concerning their hazards is transmitted to employers
and employees…….

34. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(e) Written hazard communication program. (1)
“Employers shall develop, implement, and maintain at
each workplace, a written hazard communication
program which at least describes how the criteria
specified in paragraphs (f), (g), and (h) of this section for
labels and other forms of warning, material safety data
sheets, and employee information and training will be
met, and which also includes the following.”
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35. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(e)(1)(i) A list of hazardous chemicals known
to be present……….
1910.1200(e)(1)(ii) The methods the employer will use to
inform employees of the hazards of non-routine
tasks……
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36. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(e)(2) Multi-employer workplaces. “Employers
who produce, use, or store hazardous chemicals at a
workplace in such a way that the employees of other
employer(s) may be exposed (for example, employees of
a construction contractor working on-site) shall
additionally ensure that the hazard communication
programs developed and implemented under this
paragraph (e) include the following:”
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37. 37

38. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(e)(2)(i) “The methods the employer will use
to provide the other employer(s) on-site access to
material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical
the other employer(s) employees may be exposed to
while working.”
1910.1200(e)(2)(ii) “The methods the employer will use
to inform the other employer(s) of any precautionary
measures that need to be taken to protect employees
during the workplace’s normal operating conditions
and in foreseeable emergenices; and,”

39. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(e)(2)(iii) “The methods the employer will
use to inform the other employer(s) of the labeling
system used in the workplace.”
1910.1200(e)(5) “Where employees must travel
between workplaces during a workshift, i.e. their work
is carried out at more than one geographical location,
the written hazard communication program may be
kept at the primary workplace facility.”
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41. 41

42. 42

43. 43

44. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(f)(9) “The employer shall ensure that labels
or other forms of warning are legible, in English, and
prominently displayed on the container, or readily
available in the work area throughout each work shift.
Employers having employees who speak other
languages may add the information in their language to
the material presented, as long as the information is
presented in English as well.”
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45. 45

46. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(g) Material safety data sheets. (1)
“Chemical manufacturers and importers shall obtain
or develop a material safety data sheet for each
hazardous chemical they produce or import.
Employers shall have a material safety data sheet in
the workplace for each hazardous chemical which
they use.”
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47. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(g)(8) “The employer shall maintain in the
workplace copies of the required material safety data
sheets for each hazardous chemical, and shall ensure
that they are readily accessible during each work shift
to employees when they are in their work area(s)
(Electronic access, microfiche, and other alternatives
to maintaining paper copies of the material safety data
sheets are permitted as long as no barriers to
immediate access in each workplace are created by
such options).”

48. 48

49. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(g)(9) “Where employees must travel between
workplaces during a workshift, i.e. their work is carried
out at more than one geographical location, the
material safety data sheets may be kept at the primary
workplace facility. In this situation, the employer shall
ensure that employees can immediately obtain the
required information in an emergency.”
49

50. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(h) Employee information and training. (1)
Employers shall provide employees with effective
information and training on hazardous chemicals in
their work area at the time of their initial assignment,
and whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained about is
introduced into their work area………………
50

51. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(h)(2) Information. “Employees shall be
informed of;”
1910.1200(h)(2)(i) “The requirements of this section;”
1910.1200(h)(2)(ii) “Any operation in their work area
where hazardous chemicals are present; and,”
1910.1200(h)(2)(iii) “The location and availability of
the written hazard communication program, including
the required list(s) of hazardous chemicals and
material safety data sheets required by this section.”
51

52. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(h)(3) Training. “Employee training shall
include at least;”
1910.1200(h)(3)(i) Methods and observations that may
be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemical……………
1910.1200(h)(3)(ii) “The physical and health hazards
of the chemicals in the work area;”
52

53. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSHA ADMINISTRATION
Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
1910.1200 Hazard Communication
1910.1200(h)(3)(iii) The measures employees can take
to protect themselves from these hazards………..
1910.1200(h)(3)(iv) The details of the hazard
communication program developed by the
employer……
53