Cost Reduction In Heat Treatment, Hot Rolling and Hot Forging by the use of P...Srikar Shenoy
This presentation outlines an innovative concept to reduce cost in heat treatment, hot rolling and hot forging. Industrial case studies and photos are included.
Controlling decarburization during hot rolling of rail steelSrikar Shenoy
Decarburization of steel during hot rolling makes the hot rolled products prone to low fatigue life. This is especially true in the case of hot rolled rail steel and automobile leaf springs. The presentation gives a practical technique to substantially reduce decarburisation and ensure uniform hardness of hot rolled steel. Prevention of welding / sticking of billets at high temperature, reduced scale pits on hot rolled material, reduced scaling and decarburisation due to billet over-heating in furnace and slightly increased yield are some of the other benefits enabled by use of this technique.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Cost Reduction In Heat Treatment, Hot Rolling and Hot Forging by the use of P...Srikar Shenoy
This presentation outlines an innovative concept to reduce cost in heat treatment, hot rolling and hot forging. Industrial case studies and photos are included.
Controlling decarburization during hot rolling of rail steelSrikar Shenoy
Decarburization of steel during hot rolling makes the hot rolled products prone to low fatigue life. This is especially true in the case of hot rolled rail steel and automobile leaf springs. The presentation gives a practical technique to substantially reduce decarburisation and ensure uniform hardness of hot rolled steel. Prevention of welding / sticking of billets at high temperature, reduced scale pits on hot rolled material, reduced scaling and decarburisation due to billet over-heating in furnace and slightly increased yield are some of the other benefits enabled by use of this technique.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A review on advanced ceramic processing techniquesAlokjyoti Dash
This Presentation enlists and describes most ceramic process and most parameters which affect these ceramic processing. A reader shall understand the basic of these presented process to fabricate unique ceramic materials
Brown Fused Alumina belongs to the group of electro-corundum. It is produced by controlled melting of calcined bauxite in an electric arc furnace. Brown Fused Alumina is iron-free and extremely tough.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Effect of Hardness and Wear Resistance on En 353 Steel by Heat Treatment IJMER
En 353 steel is an easily available and cheap material that is acceptable for heavy duty
applications. Heat treatment on En 353 steel is improved the ductility, toughness, strength, hardness and
relive internal stress in the material. Spectrographic method is used to analyze the composition of the
alloy material. The experimental results of hardness and dry wear testing on pin-on-disc are done to get
idea about heat treated En 353 steel. It is found that the hardness and wear resistance of the En 353 steel
is improved after the heat treatment and the microstructure is changed from ferrite to martensite.
Some studies on ceria–zirconia reinforced solvothermally synthesized cordieri...Abhinav Srivastava
Nanostructured cordierite and 12 mol% ceria stabilized zirconia were chemically prepared separately. Pure cordierite was synthesized solvothermally, whereas [(Zr)0.88(Ce)0.12O2] termed as CeSZ was processed with gelation and co-precipitation method. The evolution of crystalline phases and the microstructures have been studied using X-ray diffractometer, and FE-SEM with EDX. Varying contents (0–20 weight%) of CeSZ were then mixed with cordierite to form sample blocks of desired shapes. These nano-composite blocks were fired at 1100–1400 C for a soaking time of 3 h to observe their thermomechanical, micro-structural and physical properties. Results indicate that ceria not only acts as a stabilizer in zirconia ceramics but it also acts as a sintering aid in cordierite formation. CeO2 also improves
compressibility and structural properties of nano-composites. Sintering temperature also plays an important role in the behavior of nano-composite blocks. All properties show a major improvement than previous reported data’s.
Fabrication of ceramic matrix composite by using microwave energyIJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— Nowadays, ceramic matrix composites are being extensively used for industries and household
purposes. However, these ceramic composites materials are substantially resistant to biodegradation. In this
experimental study the specimen of silicon carbide with varying percentage of titanium carbide (TiC) has
been fabricated by using microwave sintering. Different samples having TiC 5%, 10%, 15% (wt%) were
prepared by die pressing. Then sample were heated in microwave furnace at different range of temperatures
i.e. 1150°C, 1250°C and 1350°. It was found that with increase in the weight percentage (wt %) of TiC, the
porosity was maximum in 1150°C and minimum porosity achieved maximum temperature 1350°C. The
maximum hardness was achieved in 1350°C when 15 wt % of TiC. Density was also increased with respect to
the increase in temperature and TiC wt %.
Keywords— Ceramic Matrix Composite; Hardness; Microwave Heating; SiC; TiC.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A review on advanced ceramic processing techniquesAlokjyoti Dash
This Presentation enlists and describes most ceramic process and most parameters which affect these ceramic processing. A reader shall understand the basic of these presented process to fabricate unique ceramic materials
Brown Fused Alumina belongs to the group of electro-corundum. It is produced by controlled melting of calcined bauxite in an electric arc furnace. Brown Fused Alumina is iron-free and extremely tough.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Effect of Hardness and Wear Resistance on En 353 Steel by Heat Treatment IJMER
En 353 steel is an easily available and cheap material that is acceptable for heavy duty
applications. Heat treatment on En 353 steel is improved the ductility, toughness, strength, hardness and
relive internal stress in the material. Spectrographic method is used to analyze the composition of the
alloy material. The experimental results of hardness and dry wear testing on pin-on-disc are done to get
idea about heat treated En 353 steel. It is found that the hardness and wear resistance of the En 353 steel
is improved after the heat treatment and the microstructure is changed from ferrite to martensite.
Some studies on ceria–zirconia reinforced solvothermally synthesized cordieri...Abhinav Srivastava
Nanostructured cordierite and 12 mol% ceria stabilized zirconia were chemically prepared separately. Pure cordierite was synthesized solvothermally, whereas [(Zr)0.88(Ce)0.12O2] termed as CeSZ was processed with gelation and co-precipitation method. The evolution of crystalline phases and the microstructures have been studied using X-ray diffractometer, and FE-SEM with EDX. Varying contents (0–20 weight%) of CeSZ were then mixed with cordierite to form sample blocks of desired shapes. These nano-composite blocks were fired at 1100–1400 C for a soaking time of 3 h to observe their thermomechanical, micro-structural and physical properties. Results indicate that ceria not only acts as a stabilizer in zirconia ceramics but it also acts as a sintering aid in cordierite formation. CeO2 also improves
compressibility and structural properties of nano-composites. Sintering temperature also plays an important role in the behavior of nano-composite blocks. All properties show a major improvement than previous reported data’s.
Fabrication of ceramic matrix composite by using microwave energyIJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— Nowadays, ceramic matrix composites are being extensively used for industries and household
purposes. However, these ceramic composites materials are substantially resistant to biodegradation. In this
experimental study the specimen of silicon carbide with varying percentage of titanium carbide (TiC) has
been fabricated by using microwave sintering. Different samples having TiC 5%, 10%, 15% (wt%) were
prepared by die pressing. Then sample were heated in microwave furnace at different range of temperatures
i.e. 1150°C, 1250°C and 1350°. It was found that with increase in the weight percentage (wt %) of TiC, the
porosity was maximum in 1150°C and minimum porosity achieved maximum temperature 1350°C. The
maximum hardness was achieved in 1350°C when 15 wt % of TiC. Density was also increased with respect to
the increase in temperature and TiC wt %.
Keywords— Ceramic Matrix Composite; Hardness; Microwave Heating; SiC; TiC.
The influence of sintering temperature on the thermal conductivity of rice husk ash refractory is examined in this research. Cylindrical disk made from RHA whose chemical composition measured by XRF were sintered in the temperature range of 1000℃-1400℃. the crystalline phase transformation studied by XRD. The thermal conductivity of these Rice Husk Ash refractory was determined using the hot flux method and values calculated using Fourier’s equation for steady state heat conduction. Porosity and density test were also carried out Result showed that there was an increase in apparent density and conductivity with increasing sintering temperature though the values are still low and satisfactory for most insulation applications. Porosity of rice husk ash refractory decreases with increasing sintering temperature therefore the gains of higher strength from higher sintering temperature are not negated.
EFFECT OF SILICON OXIDE (SIO2) REINFORCED PARTICLES ON AGEING BEHAVIOR OF Al-...IAEME Publication
Al-2024 alloy can be reinforced with different percentages of Silicon oxide particles using a stir casting method. The solution treatment of the composite sample and the unreinforced alloy was carried out at 550 ᴼC for 2h followed by aging at 150 ᴼC for various aging times between 1h and 5 hrs. The existence of SiO2 particles led to increasing the peak hardness of the alloy. The results revealed that peak hardness of the composite sample took place at shorter times than that of the unreinforced alloy for the samples solution treated for 2 h for both the composite and the unreinforced alloy that led to the fastest aging kinetics and the maximum hardness.
CHARACTERIZATION & DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYME...Journal For Research
Huge scale generation of cement is creating environmental issue on one hand and depletion of natural resources on the other hand. This danger to nature has prompted research being made of industrial byproducts as supplementary cementetious materials in making concrete for more green and durable. Fly ash and silica fume both are pozzolanic materials which have been broadly utilized for improving the properties like strength and durability in concrete. Silica fume demonstrates the greater pozzolanic activity then fly ash because of its finer particle size distribution, the pozzolanic activity of fly ash also can be enhanced by decreasing the particle size distribution. Geopolymer is a class of aluminosilicate binding materials integrated by thermal action of solid aluminosilicate based materials such as metakoaline, GGBFS, fly ash. Geopolymer get activated with the alkaline solution and heat. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were utilized as an alkaline solution with a steady ratio of 2.5 and the mix is designed for molarity 10 for the work carried out. In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the geopolymer concrete by utilizing ultrafine fly ash (UFFA) produced by air classification and processed GGBFS with varied proportions. Discusses on the properties of geopolymer concrete has also been mentioned. Compressive strength and durability tests like Permeability, Abrasion, Sorptivity, Acid and sulphate attack, Drying shrinkage were conducted. In this work geopolymer concrete was prepared with varying proportions of GGBS and UFFA in the ratio of 92.5:7.5 and 88:12 and 80:20. The maximum strength was achieved for the ratio 92.5:7.5. The obtained compressive strength is in the range of 36.5MPa to 91.6MPa from 1st day to 28th day of hot curing.
AN APPROACH FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION ON PARTIALLY LATERISED KHONDALITE ROCKS U...IAEME Publication
Partially Lateritised Khondalite (PLK) rocks are the bauxite mining waste materials generated during mining and dumped at the mining site, create environmental pollution. These waste
rocks can be utilized as filler materials for different industrial applications after grinding to suitable mesh size. Thermal shock treatment on ore is used for grain boundary breakage and size reduction,due to thermal shock treatment the surface adsorbed gangue minerals also releases and expose new
surface area in the ore. Comminution study is used after this treatment for further reduction in size.
Partially Lateritised Khondalite (PLK) rocks are the bauxite mining waste materials
generated during mining and dumped at the mining site, create environmental pollution. These waste
rocks can be utilized as filler materials for different industrial applications after grinding to suitable
mesh size. Thermal shock treatment on ore is used for grain boundary breakage and size reduction,
due to thermal shock treatment the surface adsorbed gangue minerals also releases and expose new
surface area in the ore. Comminution study is used after this treatment for further reduction in size.
In comminution study, ball mill has good selective grinding performance. This paper deals with the
effect of thermal shock treatment on grinding characteristics of PLK rock and the overall energy
savings achieved. Alumina based filler/ceramic materials were used in different industries. Thermal
shock of the samples was evaluated using water quench test. Surface deterioration level of samples
was monitored by image analysis before and after quenching. A total energy saving of the order of
52.8 % could be achieved when a sample preheated at 1123 K for 60 minutes followed by coldwater
quenching and grinding.
Crystallization of synthetic wollastonite prepared from local raw materialsMohammed Obeid
Wollastonite (CaSiO3) has been synthesized by the solid state reaction method at a temperature range of 1050-1250℃ from local raw materials, e.g. silica sand and limestone as well as pure chemicals in the form of carbonate and quartz with and without B2O3 adding as a mineralized. The resulting products are investigated employing XRD and SEM techniques. β-wollastonite was obtained at 1050℃ and transformed to pseudowollastonite (α- CaSiO3) at 1150℃ due to the presence of B2O3. While the pure chemicals failed to give wollastonite at this range of temperature 1050-1150℃. As the temperature increased up to 1400℃, both experimental and standard samples have been melted.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Study on SiC produced from Rice Husk as a Reinforcing agent
1. STUDY ON SILICON
CARBIDE PRODUCED
FROM RICE HUSK AS A
REINFORCING AGENT
B. Vishnu Vardhan
1011607015
Department of Metallurgy
& Material Technology
1
YSR ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY
3. RICE HUSK
•Rice husks are the hard
protecting coverings of grains
of rice.
•Rice husk is an agricultural
residue abundantly available
in rice producing countries.
•Rice husk has a high ash
content varying from 18 – 20
%.
•Silica is the major constituent
of rice husk ash.
3
4. SILICON CARBIDE
•Silicon carbide (SiC), is a
compound of silicon and carbon.
•It occurs in nature as the
extremely rare mineral
moissanite.
•Grains of silicon carbide can be
bonded together by sintering to
form very hard ceramics which
are widely used in applications
requiring high endurance, such
as car brakes, car clutches and
ceramic plates in bulletproof
vests.
•Silicon carbide with high surface
area can be produced from SiO2
contained in plant material. 4
5. FORMATION OF SILICON CARBIDE FROM
RICE HUSK
Husk dimension of 7-10 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide and
0.10-0.15 mm thick.
Acid leaching was performed by treating the RRH with dilute
HCl (1:1) in distilled water for 1 hour.
It was then washed thoroughly with distilled water followed by
treatment with dilute ammonia solution (10 vol. %) for 1 hr to
remove the traces of acid.
The treated husk was taken out and washed thoroughly in
distilled water followed by drying in air for 24 hrs.
About 5 g samples of RRH and acid-treated rice husk (ARH)
were taken in separate cylindrical alumina crucibles and
introduced into a muffle furnace for pyrolysis at different
temperatures varying from 700˚ C to 1100˚ C at an interval of
100˚ C for 2 hrs.
5
6. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Microstructural characterization studies were conducted to examine
distribution of reinforcement throughout the matrix.
The images were taken in secondary electron (SE) mode.
Parameters Value
Detector Silicon
Accelerating Voltage 15 KV
Process Time 5 Seconds
Magnification 1000X,2500X,5000X,10000X,2000
000X
6
7. SINTERING
The pure aluminum powder of size 150µm has been
taken and silicon carbide is mixed in mortar and then
compacted by cold pressing hydraulic machine of 10
mm diameter stainless steel dies with load of 3.2 tons.
The powders used for making cold compact weighs
around 1.1 grams.
The cold compact is then sintered in a muffle furnace
10˚ C/min with slow heating rate up to at a
temperature of 550˚ C with the holding time of 1
hour.
7
8. Parameters Pure Aluminum Al-1%SiC Composite
Temperature 25˚ C 25˚ C
Particle size of Al powder 150 µm Not Calculated
Diameter of Die 10 mm 10 mm
Load Applied 400 MPa 400 MPa
Compaction Time 5 minutes 5 minutes
Weight of Green Pellet 1.0415 g 0.9050 g
Weight of Sintered Pellet 1.1003 g 0.9637 g
8
9. HARDNESS MEASUREMENT
The machine was calibrated using a standard test
block of known hardness prior to the hardness tests.
At least ten readings were taken from each sample to
get the mean value.
The microhardness was measured at minimum loads
of 300 gf, 500 gf, and 1000 gf with a dwell time of 10
seconds. The Vickers hardness has been calculated
using expression: HV=1.854P/davg2
where, P is load(kgf) and davg=d1+d2/2;
where, d1 and d2 are the lengths of two indentation
diagonals(mm)
Vickers Hardness Indenter having loading capacity 9
10. CONCLUSION
The Silicon Carbide (SiC) powder can be synthesized
from rice husk.
The prepared SiC powder is almost crystalline particle
is appeared.
The crystal size of prepared SiC powder is found to be
118-50 nm range.
Strengthening of composites is due to particle
reinforcement, dispersion strengthening and solid
solution strengthening.
10
11. REFERENCES
(1) William D. Callister Jr. “Materials Science and Engineering”, John Wiley and Sons,
(2008), page-162-302.
(2) S.L.Kakani, Amit Kakani, “Material science”, New Delhi, New age international
publishers (2004), page-593-613.
(3) Jacobs James A., Kiduff Thomas F., “Engineering Material technology”, New Jersey,
Prentice Hall, (1997), page500-530.
(4) B. Miracle Daniel and L. Donaldson Steven, “Introduction to Composites”, ASM Hand
Book of Composite Materials, volume-21.
11