Tunnel construction remain a challenging engineering project, even with the foremost progress in tunnel boring technology & tunnel design and one of the main problems from geotechnical point of view, is the intrinsic complexity and heterogeneity of soil.
Indeed, tunnel design requires an excellent knowledge of soil characteristics. But it’s not possible to identify the soil parameters at each point. It is therefore, important to evaluate which soil parameters are the most determinant and how the variability of soil properties can influence the tunnel.
Hence, a parametric study is performed by using the finite element code Plaxis, in order to investigate, how the fluctuation of fundamental soil parameters can affect the ground movements induced by tunnel construction.
The parametric study reveals that the effect of fluctuation of the cohesion and the friction angle is more important than the effect of the Young’s modulus. While the effect of fluctuation of the Poisson’s ratio is negligible.
On the other hand, the results obtained indicate that, the settlement is more sensitive to cohesion compared to friction angle, but in term of horizontal displacements the two parameters have the same effect
STRESSES BELOW EXISTING STRUCTURES DURING TUNNEL EXCAVATION USING TUNNEL BORI...ijiert bestjournal
The Finite element (FE) analysis include the response of structures t o horizontal & vertical dynamic forces and consider all site characteristics,such as soils and geologic conditions. The induced stresses under the foundation of adjacent buildings during newly constructed underground tunnel through TBM,were investigated in this study. Results of this study were examined to find out whether the amount of variations in forces and stresses are in the allowable ranges or not. In this paper,soil parameters used for the study are based on the existing Delhi Metro tunnel site. Using these soils parameters,tunnel excavation through TBM has been modelled in PLAXIS Tunnel - 3D and the adjacent structures have also been included in the model.
Numerical analysis of block caving induced instability in large open pit slopesDr. Alex Vyazmensky
This paper addresses one of the most challenging problems in mining rock engineering - the interaction between block cave mining and a large overlying open pit. The FEM/DEM modelling approach was utilized in the analysis of block caving-induced step-path failure development in a large open pit slope. Analysis indicated that there is a threshold percentage of critical intact rock bridges along a step-path failure plane that may ensure stability of an open pit throughout caving operations. Transition from open pit to underground mining at Palabora mine presents an important example of a pit wall instability triggered by caving. Using combined FEM/DEM-DFN modelling it was possible to investigate the formation of a basal failure surface within an open pit slope as a direct result of cave mining. The modelling of Palabora highlighted the importance of rock mass tensile strength and its influence on caving-induced slope response.
porosity model evaluation pressured by void ratio on homogenous compressionIJCMESJOURNAL
This study develop model that will evaluates the influences of soil compression in natural condition or in an impose loads determined by the rate of soil porosity. Porosity evaluation in homogeneous fines sand formation were to monitor the homogeneous setting effect from the rate of low void ratio and permeability observed to pressure compression of fine sand, the expression has proven different dimensions that will always generate homogeneous setting in the deltaic formation, to predict this types of porosity, mathematical modelling approach were applied, the developed system generated governing equation that were derived to produced predictive model for porosity evaluation in fine sand formation. Soil and highway engineers can apply these techniques during design of roads and foundation as a parameter that is highly significant to check the rate of porosity on soil compression.
STRESSES BELOW EXISTING STRUCTURES DURING TUNNEL EXCAVATION USING TUNNEL BORI...ijiert bestjournal
The Finite element (FE) analysis include the response of structures t o horizontal & vertical dynamic forces and consider all site characteristics,such as soils and geologic conditions. The induced stresses under the foundation of adjacent buildings during newly constructed underground tunnel through TBM,were investigated in this study. Results of this study were examined to find out whether the amount of variations in forces and stresses are in the allowable ranges or not. In this paper,soil parameters used for the study are based on the existing Delhi Metro tunnel site. Using these soils parameters,tunnel excavation through TBM has been modelled in PLAXIS Tunnel - 3D and the adjacent structures have also been included in the model.
Numerical analysis of block caving induced instability in large open pit slopesDr. Alex Vyazmensky
This paper addresses one of the most challenging problems in mining rock engineering - the interaction between block cave mining and a large overlying open pit. The FEM/DEM modelling approach was utilized in the analysis of block caving-induced step-path failure development in a large open pit slope. Analysis indicated that there is a threshold percentage of critical intact rock bridges along a step-path failure plane that may ensure stability of an open pit throughout caving operations. Transition from open pit to underground mining at Palabora mine presents an important example of a pit wall instability triggered by caving. Using combined FEM/DEM-DFN modelling it was possible to investigate the formation of a basal failure surface within an open pit slope as a direct result of cave mining. The modelling of Palabora highlighted the importance of rock mass tensile strength and its influence on caving-induced slope response.
porosity model evaluation pressured by void ratio on homogenous compressionIJCMESJOURNAL
This study develop model that will evaluates the influences of soil compression in natural condition or in an impose loads determined by the rate of soil porosity. Porosity evaluation in homogeneous fines sand formation were to monitor the homogeneous setting effect from the rate of low void ratio and permeability observed to pressure compression of fine sand, the expression has proven different dimensions that will always generate homogeneous setting in the deltaic formation, to predict this types of porosity, mathematical modelling approach were applied, the developed system generated governing equation that were derived to produced predictive model for porosity evaluation in fine sand formation. Soil and highway engineers can apply these techniques during design of roads and foundation as a parameter that is highly significant to check the rate of porosity on soil compression.
Behaviour of Anchored Pile Wall Under Dynamic Load & EarthquakeIJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The purpose of this study is to observe the behaviour of concrete pile wall that to be constructed in the Gazino Station of Ulus–Keçiören under the determined soil properties and site conditions, the studied area consisting existing four-storey building, excavation of two layers and supporting the pile wall with anchors, the water pressure is involved in this study and the ground water level is changeable to three levels, dynamic load to be applied and concentrated on the top of pile wall which will be subjected to earthquake on basement recorded by USGS in 1989.
The Effect of Climatic Conditions of Various Regions of Iran on Pavement Fati...IDES Editor
In this research, climatic data for various regions of
Iran were obtained from meteorological organizations in their
original formats and then were converted to ICM1 input files
for MEPDG2 software by algorithms. The major aim of this
research is to assess the environmental effects on fatigue
cracking, so more than 300 analyses were conducted on a
specific pavement with climatic data from various regions of
Iran, since pavement temperature and humidity profile have
important effects on alligator and longitudinal cracking, and
specific pavements don’t have the same performance in all
regions. Lastly, useful solutions will be recommended for
decreasing the deleterious effects of climatic conditions on
fatigue cracking
Bio-enzyme is a natural, non toxic, non flammable, non-corrosive liquid enzyme formulation fermented
from vegetable extracts that improves the engineering qualities of soil, facilitates higher soil compaction densities
and increases stability. Enzyme catalyze the reactions between the clay and the organic cat-ions and accelerate the
cat-ionic exchange process to reduce adsorbed layer thickness. For other types of chemical stabilization,
chemicals are mixed with soil, which is difficult to mix thoroughly, but bio-enzyme is easy to use as it can be
mixed with water at optimum moisture content and then it is sprayed over soil and compacted. Recently many
Bio-enzymes have emerged as cost effective stabilizers for soil stabilization. One such bio-enzyme, Terrazyme,
has been used in the present work to study its effect on the CBR value of the Black Cotton soil. The tests
conducted in this project are specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, CBR and standard proctor test. In this
project, local soil was mixed with Terrazyme with different dosages i.e. 0.25 ml per 100 ml of water, 0.50 ml per
100 ml of water, 0.75 ml per 100 ml of water, and 1 ml per 100 ml of water was mixed subjected to various tests
as mentioned. All the testing programs have given optimum value at 0.5 ml terrazyme per 100ml of water. The
pavement thickness values reduced by improving the sub grade strength (CBR value).The cost analysis done for
this project by using CBR values of the experiments with the reference of pavement design catalogue MORD
specification table. The pavement construction value is reduced 30% of the total cost with the help of my
laboratory testing results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Rates of Soft Ground Tunneling in Vicinity of Existing StructuresIJAEMSJORNAL
Soft ground tunneling in the vicinity of existing structures is a major challenge to tunneling engineers. Tunneling works cause inevitable ground movements that may lead to unrecoverable damages to adjacent structures. Tunneling rates significantly affect such risks. However, a guideline that determines appropriate tunneling rates and accounts for the effects of tunneling on the structures existing in the vicinity is not available. Tunneling records in terms of TBM advance speed (AS), utilization factor (U), and advance rate (AR) for tunnels constructed without causing significant risks on the existing structures are presented in the paper.These records are discussed for different types of existing structures.Ranges of these records for tunneling without causing detrimental effects on different types existing structures are recommended.Useful observations are also made on the variation of these records with the ground type and composition and the precautions to be adopted to mitigate the tunneling risks on existing structures.
Behaviour of Anchored Pile Wall Under Dynamic Load & EarthquakeIJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The purpose of this study is to observe the behaviour of concrete pile wall that to be constructed in the Gazino Station of Ulus–Keçiören under the determined soil properties and site conditions, the studied area consisting existing four-storey building, excavation of two layers and supporting the pile wall with anchors, the water pressure is involved in this study and the ground water level is changeable to three levels, dynamic load to be applied and concentrated on the top of pile wall which will be subjected to earthquake on basement recorded by USGS in 1989.
The Effect of Climatic Conditions of Various Regions of Iran on Pavement Fati...IDES Editor
In this research, climatic data for various regions of
Iran were obtained from meteorological organizations in their
original formats and then were converted to ICM1 input files
for MEPDG2 software by algorithms. The major aim of this
research is to assess the environmental effects on fatigue
cracking, so more than 300 analyses were conducted on a
specific pavement with climatic data from various regions of
Iran, since pavement temperature and humidity profile have
important effects on alligator and longitudinal cracking, and
specific pavements don’t have the same performance in all
regions. Lastly, useful solutions will be recommended for
decreasing the deleterious effects of climatic conditions on
fatigue cracking
Bio-enzyme is a natural, non toxic, non flammable, non-corrosive liquid enzyme formulation fermented
from vegetable extracts that improves the engineering qualities of soil, facilitates higher soil compaction densities
and increases stability. Enzyme catalyze the reactions between the clay and the organic cat-ions and accelerate the
cat-ionic exchange process to reduce adsorbed layer thickness. For other types of chemical stabilization,
chemicals are mixed with soil, which is difficult to mix thoroughly, but bio-enzyme is easy to use as it can be
mixed with water at optimum moisture content and then it is sprayed over soil and compacted. Recently many
Bio-enzymes have emerged as cost effective stabilizers for soil stabilization. One such bio-enzyme, Terrazyme,
has been used in the present work to study its effect on the CBR value of the Black Cotton soil. The tests
conducted in this project are specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, CBR and standard proctor test. In this
project, local soil was mixed with Terrazyme with different dosages i.e. 0.25 ml per 100 ml of water, 0.50 ml per
100 ml of water, 0.75 ml per 100 ml of water, and 1 ml per 100 ml of water was mixed subjected to various tests
as mentioned. All the testing programs have given optimum value at 0.5 ml terrazyme per 100ml of water. The
pavement thickness values reduced by improving the sub grade strength (CBR value).The cost analysis done for
this project by using CBR values of the experiments with the reference of pavement design catalogue MORD
specification table. The pavement construction value is reduced 30% of the total cost with the help of my
laboratory testing results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Rates of Soft Ground Tunneling in Vicinity of Existing StructuresIJAEMSJORNAL
Soft ground tunneling in the vicinity of existing structures is a major challenge to tunneling engineers. Tunneling works cause inevitable ground movements that may lead to unrecoverable damages to adjacent structures. Tunneling rates significantly affect such risks. However, a guideline that determines appropriate tunneling rates and accounts for the effects of tunneling on the structures existing in the vicinity is not available. Tunneling records in terms of TBM advance speed (AS), utilization factor (U), and advance rate (AR) for tunnels constructed without causing significant risks on the existing structures are presented in the paper.These records are discussed for different types of existing structures.Ranges of these records for tunneling without causing detrimental effects on different types existing structures are recommended.Useful observations are also made on the variation of these records with the ground type and composition and the precautions to be adopted to mitigate the tunneling risks on existing structures.
ASSESSMENT OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF SOIL USING MULTI-LINEAR REGRESSION MO...IAEME Publication
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is the most widely used in-situ test throughout the world for subsurface geotechnical investigation and this procedure have evolved over a period of 100 years. Estimation of the liquefaction potential of soils is often based on SPT test. Liquefaction is one of the critical problems in the field of Geotechnical engineering. It is the phenomena when there is loss of shear strength in saturated and cohesion-less soils because of increased pore water pressures and hence reduced effective stresses due to dynamic loading. In the present study, SPT based data were analysed to find out a suitable numerical procedure for establishing a Multi-Linear Regression Model using IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics v20.0.0) and MATLAB(R2010a) in analysis of soil liquefaction for a particular location at a site in Lucknow City. A Multi-Storeyed Residential Building Project site was considered for this study to collect 12 borehole data sets along 10 km stretch of IIM road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India).
Geotechnical research group - Aarhus University Denmarkkks_eng
An overview of the research activities of the geotechnical research group at Aarhus University, Department of Enginering, civil and Architectural eng. section.
We are looking for researchers who can strengthen our research group within experimental geotechnics - contact for further info about possibilities.
C. Sachpazis & Eleyas A - Probabilistic Slope Stability evaluation for the ne...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Evaluating the stability of slopes in soil is an important, interesting, and challenging aspect of civil engineering. Despite the advances that have been made, evaluating the stability of slopes remains a challenge. Slope failures are often caused by processes that increase shear stresses or decrease shear strengths of the soil mass [4, 9]. Water plays a role in many of the processes that reduce strength; water is also involved in many types of loads on slopes that increase shear stresses. Another factor involved in most slope failures is the presence of soils that contain clay minerals. In concept, any slope with ....... Read More..
What are 3 engineering applications of the coefficient of permeabili.pdfanandtradingco
What are 3 engineering applications of the coefficient of permeability of soils (what phase of
construction, purpose of them and the importance they hold to geotechnical engineers)
Solution
The permeability of soils is a very important feature which plays the crucial role in issues
connected with the flow of ground water and the migration of pollutions. The occurrence of
subsoil water in a building-site often complicates realization of works and requires an additional
intervention with the use of special equipment. The ability of water conduction in a soil is the
essential factor in the consolidation process because it decides about the intensivity of this
phenomenon. The realization of structural constructions is, almost in every case, directly or
indirectly connected with the flow of subsoil water. Thus the problem of water flow in soils has
been the subject of scientific research for many years.
Factors Affecting Permeability of Soil
Studying soil permeability is important because of the following reasons:
1. Underground seepage study is an important aspect of all the Civil Engineering works because
once a foundation is laid, you don\'t want the soil mass holding your foundation to leak water.
2. It aids in the determination of geostatic stresses and the effect of water pressure on earth
structures.
3. It gives a beforehand idea about settlement of a foundation and volumetric changes in soil
layers when subjected to fluids or water.
4. Before constructing a structure, it is always helpful to know the amount of water that can be
discharged through a soil mass, and calculating permeability is the best way to know the
discharge quantity.
There are numerous factors that affect the permeability of a soil mass. Important factors are
mentioned below:
1. Chemical components of the interacting fluid, if not water, and its temperature.
2. Porosity of the soil mass under consideration, soil compaction also impacts permeability of
soil.
3. Permeability from particle size of soil grain size, particle shape, and degree of packing of soil
mass constituents.
Cohesive soils deserve particular attention with regard to their low permeability. For a long time,
these soils have been used to build cores of earth dams and constructions protecting hydro-
engineering structures against harmful results of seepage. Natural or remould structure layers of
cohesive soils are a good isolating material to be built-in. Therefore, they can successfully fulfil
the role of seepage barriers protecting the environment against the expansion of pollution.
SOIL-SHEET PILE INTERACTION - PART I: A REVIEW OF THEORIES AND DESIGN METHODS IAEME Publication
This study reviews the theories and modelling methods of the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile structure covering the various responses and performance of both materials under various conditions.Interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile structure is important
considering the complex and indeterminate behaviour of both materials which results in non-linear structural deformation.The study affirms the importance of numerical computational tools in resolving the complex nature of interaction between soil and sheet-pile. Also, the study considers the contribution of various soil parameters in the interaction and the extent of response in terms of behavioure
Effect on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement by Colloidal Nano Alumina...IJCMESJOURNAL
Nanotechnology is a optimistic field in terms of environmental improvements including energy savings and reduced reliability on non-renewable resources, as well as reduced waste, toxicity and carbon emissions. Alumina component reacts with calcium hydroxide produced from the hydration of calcium silicates. The rate of the pozzolanic reaction is proportional to the amount of surface area available for reaction. Therefore, it is possible to add nano- Alumina of a high purity and a high Blaine fineness value in order to improve the characteristics of cement mortars The Aim of this project is to devlope the nano concrete and to study the effects of nano alumina on the properties of concrete. In this investigation the cement is replaced by 10% Fly-ash and Alumina nanoparticles of different proportion i.e 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% & 3% in M40 grade of concrete. It is observed that workability decreased with replacement of cement. The compressive strength of nano concrete casted by partially replacement of 10% fly ash & 2% & 2.5% colloidal nano alumina , increased over conventional concrete about 18.03%, 14.28% for 3 days and 12.7%, 11.27% for 7 days and 4.17% , 2.07% for 28 days. The Split Tensile strength of this concrete increases with 5.73% and 9.16% respectively over conventional concrete for the replacement 1.5% and 2%. Flexural strength of this concrete increases with 13.05% and 26.65% over conventional concrete for the replacement 2% and 2.5%.
VARIATION OF SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MID-RISE RC BUILDINGS DUE TO SOIL STRUCTURE ...IAEME Publication
The seismic design of RC buildings requires determining the expected base shear, lateral drift at each story level and internal forces of the structural elements. In the analysis, it is common for the structural engineers to consider a fixed base structure which means that the foundations and the underlying soil are assumed to be infinitely rigid. This assumption is not proper since the underlying soil in the near field often consists of soft soil layers that possess different properties and may behave nonlinearly leading to drastic variation of the seismic motion before hitting the structure foundation. In addition, the mutual interaction between the structure, its foundation and the underlying soil during the vibrations can substantially alter the structure response. This response variation depends on the structure characteristics, the soil properties and the nature of the seismic excitation. Consequently, an accurate assessment of inertial forces and displacements in structures requires a rational treatment of soil structure interaction (SSI) effects.
Similar to STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF FLUCTUATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL SOIL PARAMETERS ON GROUND MOVEMENTS INDUCED BY TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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2. Study of The Effect of Fluctuation of The Fundamental Soil Parameters On Ground Movements Induced by Tunnel
Construction
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 912 editor@iaeme.com
Cite this Article: Nouaman Tafraouti, Rhali Benamar and Nouzha Lamdouar, Study of The
Effect of Fluctuation of The Fundamental Soil Parameters On Ground Movements Induced by
Tunnel Construction. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017,
pp. 911–919.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
In the past three decades, tunnel construction has been considerably expanded to meet the accelerated
urbanization process with an increasing use of the underground space for transportation infrastructures
and other facilities like water supply and sewage systems.
This increase of tunnel construction is promoted by two main factors:
The improvement of tunnel design with the recent advances of numerical computing resources and
the progress of tunnel boring technology, which make tunnel construction more advantageous in
techno-economic point of view.
On the other hand, tunnel solution give several benefits, in particular: Avoiding traffic disruption
in congested towns when tunnel is constructed and the reduction of negative environmental impact.
Indeed, contrary to other kinds of infrastructure, tunnels match with the growing environmental
awareness by providing appreciable ecological benefits with the limitation of negative impact on the
natural environment, the protection of areas of ecological value inside towns and the substantial
reduction of noise pollution.
Nevertheless, tunnel design remain complicated. In crowded towns, tunnel construction influence
the buildings in surface including old and sensitive structures and can induce serious damage to the
overlying buildings which can lead to repair cost and consequently to an increase of the cost of
project. Also, the subsurface space become more and more congested with the underground cables and
pipes which lead to a problems of interaction with the tunnel project.
But one of the fundamental problems which can affect the tunnel design, is the fluctuation of soil
properties. Indeed, soil is a complex material formed by weathering, erosion and sedimentation
processes. This material have been subjected to various stresses, physical and chemical changes.
Hence, soil is a highly non linear material which is characterized by his intrinsic heterogeneity and the
spatial variability of his properties.
For this reason, a parametric study is conducted in this paper, to assess the influence of soil
properties fluctuation on ground movements induced by tunneling.
This parametric study focused on four key soil parameters: The Young’s modulus, the Poisson’s
ratio, the cohesion and the friction angle.
The effect of variation of these parameters is analyzed in term of magnitude of ground movements
due to tunnel construction, namely, the surface settlement and the horizontal displacements.
The choice of studying the impact of soil properties fluctuation on the magnitude of ground
movements is justified by the fact that, the evaluation of the magnitude of ground movements due to
tunneling is a key issue in urban environments (Mair 1998) [1] because surface settlement may
damage adjacent structures (Clarke and Laefer 2014) [2] and also building damage can arise from
horizontal ground displacements (Moller 2006) [3].
3. Nouaman Tafraouti, Rhali Benamar and Nouzha Lamdouar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 913 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1 Settlement and horizontal soil displacement due to tunnel construction (After Loganathan 2011 [4])
2. PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM UNDER CONSIDERATION
The tunnel have a circular section, with a diameter D = 6m, a depth Z0 = 15m from surface to tunnel
springlines.
The soil have the following properties:
Table 1 Soil properties
Unit weight Young’s
Modulus
Cohesion
Internal friction
angle
Poisson’s
ratio
ϒ =20 kN/m3
E=35 Mpa c=70 Kpa ϕ =20° ν=0,3
3. METHODOLOGY
Numerical simulation is performed by means of the finite element code Plaxis 2D. Two dimensional
numerical simulation is adopted, because 2D models are largely adopted in the literature for modeling
tunnel construction, which is confirmed by several authors like Law 2012 [5] and Katebi et al 2013
[6].
In order to performed the parametric study, 11 numerical models are carried out by using the FEM
code Plaxis 2D.
The soil behavior is modeled by an elastic perfectly-plastic constitutive relation based on the
Mohr–Coulomb criterion, which is widely used for the numerical simulation of tunnels.
In the model of Mohr Coulomb, the main variables in characterizing the soil behavior are: The
cohesion, the friction angle, the Poisson’s ratio and the Young’s Modulus, which reflect the general
behavior of ground. The figure below presents the typical 2D finite element mesh used in numerical
analysis.
Uz :
Ux : Horizontal
4. Study of The Effect of Fluctuation of The Fundamental Soil Parameters On Ground Movements Induced by Tunnel
Construction
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 914 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Typical numerical model adopted for the simulation
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tunnel excavation disturb the surrounding ground and generate ground movements as shown in the
figure below.
Figure 3 Contour of ground movements induced by tunneling in the reference case
The profile of surface settlement, obtained by the numerical model, for the reference case, is
reported in the figure below:
5. Nouaman Tafraouti, Rhali Benamar and Nouzha Lamdouar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 915 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 4 Profile of surface settlement
The figure below show for the reference case, the profile of horizontal soil displacements at
different distance from the tunnel axis, in the left side of the model.
Figure 5 Horizontal soil displacements at different distance from tunnel axis
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Distance from
centreline (m)
Settlement (mm)
Surface settlement
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Depth from
surface (m)
Horizontal soil displacements (mm)
Horizontal soil displacements at 20m from tunnel axis
Horizontal soil displacements at 15m from tunnel axis
Horizontal soil displacements at 5m from tunnel axis
Horizontal soil displacements at 12m from tunnel axis
Horizontal soil displacements at 8m from tunnel axis
Horizontal soil displacements at 6m from tunnel axis
6. Study of The Effect of Fluctuation of The Fundamental Soil Parameters On Ground Movements Induced by Tunnel
Construction
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 916 editor@iaeme.com
4.1. Influence of Poisson’s ratio
The analysis of the effect of Poisson’s ratio fluctuation on ground movements magnitude is reported in
the table below
Table 2 Effect of variability of Poisson’s ratio on ground movements magnitude
Poisson’s
ratio ν
Deviation
from
reference case
Maximum
surface
settlement (mm)
Deviation
from
reference case
Max magnitude of
horizontal
displacement (mm)
Deviation
from
reference case
0,1 -66,6% 41,57 +8,2% 69,57 -5,1%
0,2 -33,3% 39,85 +3,7% 71,27 -2,8%
0,3 0% 38,41 0% 73,32 0%
0,4 +33,3% 37,49 -2,4% 74,91 +2,2%
0,45 +12,5% 37,11 -3,4% 75,11 +2,4%
The results are reported in the graphs below:
Figure 6 Influence of the fluctuation of Poisson’s ratio on maximum surface settlement
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Maximummagnitudeofsurfacesettlement
Smax(mm)
Poisson's ratio ν
7. Nouaman Tafraouti, Rhali Benamar and Nouzha Lamdouar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 917 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 7 Influence of the fluctuation of Poisson’s ratio on maximum magnitude of horizontal soil displacement
As shown in figures above, the increase of Poisson’s ratio results in a slight decrease of the
magnitude of surface settlement. On the other hand, the increase of the value of Poisson’s ratio is
accompanied by a small increase of the magnitude of horizontal soil displacements. Hence, the
influence of Poisson's ratio on the magnitude of ground movements seems negligible.
4.2. Influence of friction angle fluctuation
Table 3 Effect of variability of friction angle on ground movements magnitude
Friction
angle ϕ
(°)
Deviation
from
reference case
Maximum
surface
settlement (mm)
Deviation
from
reference case
Max magnitude of
horizontal
displacement (mm)
Deviation
from
reference case
18 -10% 44,87 +16,8% 86,91 +18,5%
20 0% 38,41 0% 73,32 0%
22 +10% 33,90 -11,7% 62,73 -14,4%
4.3. Influence of cohesion fluctuation
Table 4 Effect of variability of cohesion on ground movements magnitude
Cohesion
c (kpa)
Deviation
from
reference case
Maximum
surface
settlement (mm)
Deviation
from reference
case
Max magnitude of
horizontal
displacement (mm)
Deviation
from reference
case
63 -10% 48,73 +26,9% 88,35 +20,5%
70 0% 38,41 0% 73,32 0%
77 +10% 31,80 -17,2% 63,23 -13,76%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Maximummagnitudeofhorizontal
soildisplacement(mm)
Poisson's ratio ν
8. Study of The Effect of Fluctuation of The Fundamental Soil Parameters On Ground Movements Induced by Tunnel
Construction
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 918 editor@iaeme.com
4.4. Influence of Young’s Modulus fluctuation
Table 5 Effect of variability of Young’s Modulus on ground movements magnitude
Young’s
Modulus
E (Mpa)
Deviation from
reference case
Maximum surface
settlement (mm)
Deviation from
reference case
Max magnitude of
horizontal displacement
(mm)
Deviation from
reference case
31,5 -10% 42,66 +11,06% 81,46 +11,10%
35 0% 38,41 0% 73,32 0%
38,5 +10% 34,90 -9,14% 66,65 -9,09
The results of the analysis are shown in the figures below:
Figure 8 Influence of the fluctuation of cohesion "c”, friction angle "φ", Young’s Modulus "E" on maximum
surface settlement Smax
Figure 9 Influence of the fluctuation of cohesion "c”, friction angle "φ", Young’s Modulus "E" on maximum
horizontal displacement Vmax
It can be clearly seen from the figures above that the variation of each of the parameters (cohesion,
friction angle, Young’s Modulus) modify the magnitude of both surface settlement and horizontal soil
displacement.
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Deviation of the
maximum surface
settlement from
reference case (%)
Deviation of the parameter
from his reference value (%)
ΔSmax = f (Δφ)
ΔSmax = f (Δc)
ΔSmax = f (ΔE)
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Deviation of the
maximum horizontal
displacement from
reference case (%)
Deviation of the parameter
from his reference value (%)
ΔVmax = f (Δφ)
ΔVmax = f (Δc)
ΔVmax = f (ΔE)
9. Nouaman Tafraouti, Rhali Benamar and Nouzha Lamdouar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 919 editor@iaeme.com
The increase of this parameters leads to a reduction of the magnitude of ground movements and
vice versa.
The figures also show the leading influence of the cohesion and the friction angle on the
magnitude of ground movements compared to the effect of Young’s Modulus.
Also, it is interesting to note that in terms of magnitude of maximum surface settlement, the
influence of cohesion seems more significant than the friction angle. However the sensitivity of the
magnitude of maximum horizontal soil displacement is nearly identical for these two parameters.
In addition, the results obtained suggest that it is very important to take into account the fluctuation
of cohesion and friction angle of soil when evaluating the magnitude of ground movement’s induced
by tunneling and consequently in tunnel design.
5. CONCLUSION
In order to investigate the effect of fluctuation of soil properties on ground movements induced by
tunnel construction, a parametric study was performed through numerical modeling by using the FEM
code Plaxis. This parametric study focused on four key soil parameters, namely, the cohesion, the
friction angle, the Poisson’s ratio and the Young’s Modulus. The effect of variation of these
parameters, is analyzed in terms of magnitude of ground movements induced by tunneling,
specifically, the surface settlement and the horizontal displacement. The results obtained revealed that
the influence of Poisson's ratio fluctuation on the magnitude of ground movements can be neglected.
Nevertheless, any fluctuation of the cohesion, the friction angle or the Young’s Modulus modify
the magnitude of ground movements. The results also show, that magnitude of ground movements are
more sensitive to the cohesion and the friction angle than the Young’s Modulus. On the other hand, in
terms of maximum surface settlement, the influence of cohesion is more significant than friction angle.
However, the sensitivity of the maximum horizontal soil displacement is nearly identical for cohesion
and friction angle.
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