Science and Technology and Nation Building

2. Science and technology
have played a crucial role
in the development of the
Philippines as a nation.
Throughout its history, the
Philippines has been
influenced by different
cultures and colonial
powers, each leaving its
mark on the country’s
scientific and technological
development.

3. THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT S&T AGENDA
Science plays an integral part in
human development and the
society because it put an end to
ignorance, increase perception of
a fact or a situation and awaken
ability to use all resources.

4. • Innovation and Research Development: Efforts have been
made to promote research and development activities,
particularly in emerging technologies. The government aims to
foster a culture of innovation to address societal challenges
and promote economic growth.
• Infrastructure and Facilities: Investments have been made
in upgrading and establishing research and development
infrastructure and facilities. This includes laboratories,
research centers, and technology hubs to support scientific
endeavors.

5. • Information and Communication Technology (ICT): The
government recognizes the importance of ICT in national
development. Initiatives include improving internet
connectivity, promoting e-governance, and supporting the
growth of the information technology sector.
• Biotechnology and Health Research: Given the importance
of health-related research, there has been a focus on
biotechnology and medical research to address health
challenges and improve healthcare services.

6. • Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability: The
Philippines, being vulnerable to climate change, has initiatives
to address environmental issues. This includes research on
climate change adaptation, renewable energy, and
sustainable development practices.
• Policy Framework: The government has been working on
creating a comprehensive policy framework that supports and
guides S&T initiatives. This involves the formulation of policies
that encourage innovation, protect intellectual property, and
ensure ethical considerations in scientific research.

7. Major Development Programs:
1.Science for Change Program (S4CP): The Science for Change Program is an
initiative by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the Philippines. It
focuses on supporting research and development projects that address national issues,
promote innovation, and contribute to economic development.
2.Balik Scientist Program: The Balik Scientist Program encourages Filipino scientists
and researchers working abroad to return to the Philippines and contribute to the
country's S&T development. This program aims to harness the expertise of Filipino
scientists globally.
3.National Integrated Research Program on Medicinal Plants (NIRPROMP): This
program focuses on the research and development of medicinal plants to harness their
potential for pharmaceutical and healthcare applications.
4.Philippine Earth Data Resource and Observation (PEDRO): PEDRO is a program
that focuses on utilizing earth observation data for various applications, including
disaster risk reduction, environmental monitoring, and sustainable development.
5.Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and
Development (PCAARRD): PCAARRD is a council under the DOST responsible for
coordinating and implementing research and development programs in the fields of

8. K-12 Science Education:
1.Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013: The Philippines
implemented the K-12 Basic Education Program in 2013, which
added two additional years to the traditional 10-year basic
education cycle. This change aimed to better prepare students for
higher education and the workforce by providing a more
comprehensive curriculum.
2.STEM Strand: The K-12 program includes a specialized track
called the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) strand at the senior high school level. Students in
this strand are exposed to advanced science and math subjects to
prepare them for STEM-related courses in college.

9. Government Initiatives:
1.Department of Education (DepEd): The DepEd plays a crucial role in
overseeing and implementing education policies in the Philippines. It has
been actively involved in the development and enhancement of the
science curriculum, teacher training, and the provision of educational
resources.
2.Philippine Science High School (PSHS): PSHS is a specialized
public high school system that focuses on providing quality education in
science and mathematics. It serves as a model for science education in
the country and aims to develop a pool of talented students in STEM
fields.
3.STEM Olympiads and Competitions: Various STEM competitions and
olympiads are organized at the national and regional levels to encourage
student interest and excellence in science. These competitions cover
subjects such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.

10. Higher Education in Science:
1.State Universities and Colleges (SUCs): Several state universities and
colleges in the Philippines offer specialized programs in science and technology.
These institutions contribute to research and development and provide advanced
education in STEM disciplines.
2.Research and Development Institutes: The Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) supports various research and development institutes across
the country. These institutes contribute to scientific advancements, innovation, and
technology transfer.
Challenges:
1.Infrastructure and Resources: Some schools, especially in rural areas, may face challenges in
terms of inadequate infrastructure and resources for science education.
2.Teacher Training: Continuous professional development for science teachers is crucial to ensure
the effective delivery of STEM education. Efforts are being made to enhance teacher training
programs.
3.Access to Quality Education: Ensuring equitable access to quality science education, especially
in underserved areas, remains a challenge. Efforts are being made to address disparities in
educational opportunities.

11. Selected Indigenous Science and Technology in the
Philippines
Indigenous science and technology in the Philippines refer
to traditional knowledge, practices, and technologies
developed by local communities over generations to
address their specific needs and challenges. These
indigenous systems often involve a deep understanding of
the local environment, resource management, agriculture,
health, and various other aspects of daily life. Here are a
few examples of selected indigenous science and
technology practices in the Philippines:

12. 1.Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras: The Ifugao Rice Terraces, a UNESCO
World Heritage site, showcase an ancient indigenous agricultural
technology. The terraces are a complex system of rice paddies carved into
the mountains, demonstrating sustainable farming practices and effective
water management adapted to the region's mountainous terrain.
2.Traditional Healing Practices: Many indigenous communities in the
Philippines have traditional healers who use local plants, herbs, and other
natural resources for medicinal purposes. These practices are often based
on centuries-old knowledge of the healing properties of indigenous flora.
3.Agroecosystems and Crop Diversity: Indigenous communities have
developed diverse agroecosystems that incorporate traditional crop
varieties and agricultural practices. These systems promote biodiversity,
enhance soil fertility, and contribute to sustainable farming practices.

13. 1.Marine Resource Management: Coastal communities in the
Philippines have developed traditional systems for managing
marine resources sustainably. Practices such as marine
sanctuaries, community-based fisheries management, and tabo
(temporary fishing bans) are examples of indigenous approaches
to preserve and protect marine ecosystems.
2.Weaving and Textile Arts: Indigenous communities, such as
the Igorot and Mangyan groups, have a rich tradition of weaving
and textile arts. The knowledge and techniques passed down
through generations involve the use of indigenous materials and
natural dyes, showcasing sustainable practices in craftsmanship.