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1. BIODIVERSITY
AND THE
HEALTHY
SOCIETY

2. At the end of this lesson, the students should be able
to:
• determine the interrelatedness of society,
environment, and health;
• create a diagram that would show the relatedness of
species in forming up a diverse and healthy society
without compromising one another;
• and identify everyday tasks and evaluate whether
they contribute to the wellness and health of
biodiversity and society or not.
......LESSON OBJECTIVES

3. Introduction
Decrease in biodiversity is eminent worldwide. Vertebrates fell to
60% from the 1970s due to human causes. It is projected that by 2020,
wildlife decline will be 67% of the present number. The World Wide
Fund for Nature and Zoological Society of London reported an annual
decrease in wildlife by 2%. A major cause is human population which
has doubled in number since 1960 to 7.4 billion. Humans have
industrialized the natural habitat of wildlife as well as marine life.
Leaving these creatures with no place to live would eventually cause
their deaths. Marco Lambertini, the General Director of WWF
International, described that the disappearance of wildlife is at an
unprecedented rate. Earth might enter the sixth mass extinction event
according to experts. Mass extinction is described as the
disappearance of species at a rate of 1,000 faster than usual.

4. Moreover, the disappearance of species in a certain environment
causes an imbalance in the ecosystem, ecosystem producing more
chaotic changes that harm the entire (Inquirer . net, 2016)
This is but a pressing statement for people to know more about the
importance of our diverse environment, for people to know more
about can either contribute to its growth or destrand how human
growing importance of studying how society, environment, and health
is interrelated to each other, that if human beings fail to recognize the
needs of one of those components, the other remaining components
can be affected and compromised. Thus, it is timely to know about the
pressing effects of species being extinct and that of our ecosystem
being imbalanced.

5. Biodiversity and
Ecosystem
Changes in
Biodiversity
Threats in
Biodiversity
Consequences of
Biodiversity Loss
Table of contents
01 02
03 04

6. Nutritional
Impact of
Biodiversity
Health, Biology
and Biodiversity
Environment-
Related Illnesses
Table of contents
05 06
07

7. Biodiversity
and Ecosystem
01

8. Biodiversity
 Defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire Earth. It
encompasses all kinds of life forms from the single-celled organisms to
the largest multi-celled organisms.
 Another definition of biodiversity is "the variability among living
organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other
aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part;
this includes diversity within species, between species, and of
ecosystems. Biodiversity is the source of the essential goods and
ecological services that constitute the source of life for all and it has
direct consumptive value in food, agriculture, medicine, and in
industry." (Villaggio Globale, 2009)

9.  Biodiversity plays a major role in this natural dynamics.
 For example, a large number of golden snails in a certain area of
a rice field can help predict a low production of the rice harvest,
since eggs of the golden snails are considered pest for rice plant.
 On a positive view, the larger number of different species in
a certain area can be a predictor of sustainable life in that area.
The sustainability of the ecosystem ensures a better survival rate
against any natural disaster. Therefore, we, as human
inhabitants of the ecosystem must preserve and conserve the
biodiversity of all creatures.

10. Changes in
Biodiversity
02

11. Alteration in any system
could bring varied effects
Animals
Trees and
plants
Food Chain
Example Situation:
Humans
inhabiting the forest.

12. In short:
Global biodiversity change is one of the most
pressing environmental issues of our time
Direct pressures on biodiversity change are habitat change,
overexploitation, exotic species, pollution, and climate
change.
And the underlying causes are demographic growth
and resource use and review existing scenario projections..

13. Threats to Biodiversity
3

14. 1. Habitat loss and distraction
2. Alterations in ecosystem
composition
3. Over-exploitation
4. Pollution and contamination
5. Global Climate Change

15. Consequences of
Biodiversity
Loss
4

16. Biodiversity loss can have
significant direct human
health impacts if ecosystem
services are no longer
adequate to meet social
needs. Indirectly, changes
in ecosystem services affect
livelihoods, income, local
migration and, on occasion,
may even cause or
exacerbate political conflict

17. “The Earth will retain its
most striking feature, its
biodiversity, only if humans
have the prescience to do so.
This will occur, it seems,
only if we realize the extent
to which we use biodiversity
-Tilman

18. Nutritional
Impact of
Biodiversity
5

19. According to the World Health Organization,
biodiversity is a vital element of a human
being's nutrition because of its influence to
food production. Biodiversity is a major factor
that contributes to sustainable food
production for human beings. A society or a
population must have access to a sufficient
variety of nutritious food as it is a determinant
of their health as human beings.

20.  Nutrition and biodiversity are linked at many levels: the ecosystem,
with food production as an ecosystem service; the species in the ecosystem
and the genetic diversity within species. Nutritional composition between
foods and among varieties/cultivars/breeds of the same food can differ
dramatically, affecting micronutrient availability in the diet. Healthy
local diets, with adequate average levels of nutrient intake, necessitate the
maintenance of high biodiversity levels.
 Intensified and enhanced food production through irrigation, use of
fertilizer, plant protection (pesticides) or the introduction of crop varieties
and cropping patterns affect biodiversity, and thus impact global
nutritional status and human health. Habitat simplification, species loss
and species succession often enhance communities vulnerabilities as a
function of environmental receptivity to ill health.

21. Health, Biology, and
Biodiversity
6

22.  People depend on biodiversity in their daily lives, in ways that are not
always apparent or appreciated. Human health ultimately depends upon
ecosystem products and services (such as availability of freshwater, food, and
fuel sources) which are requisite for good human health and productive
livelihoods. Biodiversity loss can have significant direct human health
impacts if ecosystem services are no longer adequate to meet social needs.
Indirectly, changes in ecosystem services affect livelihoods, income, local
migration and, on occasion, may even cause or exacerbate political conflict.
 Intensified and enhanced food production through irrigation, use of
fertilizer, plant protection (pesticides) or the introduction of crop varieties
and cropping patterns affect biodiversity, and thus impact global nutritional
status and human health. Habitat simplification, species loss and species
succession often enhance communities vulnerabilities as a function of
environmental receptivity to ill health

23. Environment-
Related
Illnesses
7

24.  Human well-being would be adversely affected by
biodiversity losses if ecosystems with reduced
biodiversity are less able to provide the ecosystem
services—such as carbon sequestration, nutrient
cycling and resistance to drought—on which humans
rely. In recent years, a consensus has emerged that
ecosystem functions decline as biodiversity is lost.
Here we examine how biodiversity affects the
transmission and emergence of infectious diseases
and evaluate the evidence that reduced disease
transmission is an important ecosystem service
provided by high biodiversity.

25.  Communities with low avian diversity tend to be dominated
by species that amplify the virus, inducing high infection
prevalence in mosquitoes and people, while communities with
high avian diversity contain many species that are less
competent hosts. For hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a
directly transmitted zoonotic disease, correlational and
experimental studies have shown that a lower diversity of
small mammals increases the prevalence of hantaviruses in
their hosts, thereby increasing risk to humans. Diversity has
a similar effect for plant diseases, with species losses
increasing the transmission of two fungal rust pathogens that
infect perennial ryegrass and other plant species

26. THANK YOU!
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