struture information of earthquake proof and earthquake resistant design and imp of soil

1. TOPIC : EARTHQUAKE PROOF
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
AND IMPORTANCE OF SOIL
GROUP : 2
SUB : STRUCTURE
GROUP MEMBERS : MANAN
NISHI
KINJAL
KASHYAP
PALLAV

2. WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?
• THEY ARE NATURAL DISASTERS OF A
GENERALLY UNPREDICTIBLE
NATURE.
• SUDDEN MOVEMENT - SURFACE OF
THE EARTH-MAY BE TINY OR
SEVERAL FEET.
• A SUDDEN, AND RAPID SHAKING OF
EARTH.
• WHEN EARTHQUAKE OCCUR, WAVES
TRVEL IN EARTH IN FORM OF
VIBRATIONS, SUCH WAVES ARE
CALLED SEISMIC WAVES.

3. HOW EARTHQUAKES AFFECTS
BUILDINGS?
• SHAKING – GROUND
MOVES IN THE SAME
PLACE
• LAND SLIDES –
GROUND IS MOVED TO
SOME ANOTHER PLACE
• LIQUIFICATION –
STRENGHT OF THE
GROUND IS REDUCED
CAUSING BUILDINGS
TO SINK

4. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGNS
• DESIGN – IT IS ANALYSIS OF
FORCES – BUILDINGS DUE TO
LOADS ACTING ON IT.
• IF A BUILDING IS ENOUGH TO
RESIST THE EARTHQUAKE,
THEN SUCH BUILDING IS
CALLED EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT STRUCTURE.
• SUCH DESIGN IS CALLED
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGNS.

5. POPULAR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
TECHNIQUES
• SHEAR WALLS
• BRACING
• SEISMIC DAMPERS
• ISOLATION
• BANDS
• ROLLERS
• LIGHT WEIGHT MATERIAL
1
2
6
3

6. SHEAR WALLS
• VERTICALLY ORIENTED WIDE BEAMS.
• IT CARRIES SEISMIC LOADS DOWN TO THE BOTTOM OF
FOUNDATION.
• PROVIDES LARGE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS TO
BUILDINGS.
• THICKNESS GENERALLY VARIES FROM 150 MM TO 450
MM IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS.
• SHOULD BE SYMMETRICAL IN PLAN ALONG BOTH THE
AXES .
• THE OPENING PROVIDED IN SHEAR WALLS SHOULD BE
SYMMETRICAL EFFECTIVE WHEN LOCATED THE
EXTERIOR ALONG PERIMETER OF BUILDING

7. BRACING
• THE BRACING SYSTEMS
ARE NECESSARY FOR
STRUCTURES THAT ARE
SUBJECTED TO LATERAL
LOADS DUE TO
EARTHQUAKE, WIND, ETC.
• WE CAN SAY THAT THE
BEAMS AND COLUMNS OF
THE FRAMED STRUCTURE
CARRY VERTICAL LOADS
WHILE THE BRACING
SYSTEM CARRIES THE
LATERAL LOADS.
ADVANTAGES OF BRACING SYSTEMS
1.UNDER BENDING LOADS COMPRESSION FLANGE OF THE MAIN BEAM TEND TO
BUCKLE HORIZONTALLY. THE BRACING SYSTEMS RESIST THE BUCKLING OF THE MAIN
BEAM.
2.BRACING SYSTEM HELP IN DISTRIBUTING THE VERTICAL AND LATERAL LOADS
BETWEEN THE MAIN BEAMS.

8. SEISMIC DAMPERS
• SEISMIC DAMPERS ARE USED IN DAMPING THE OSCILLATIONS OF A BUILDING
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE.
• THE DAMPERS ALLOW THE BUILDING TO MOVE ELASTICALLY AND DISSIPATE THE
ENERGY OF THE EARTHQUAKE.
• TYPES OF DAMPERS
• VISCOUS DAMPERS
• VISCOELASTIC
DAMPERS
• FRICTION DAMPERS
• TUNED MASS
DAMPER
• YIELDING DAMPERS

9. ISOLATION
• BASE ISOLATED BY A SERIES OF BEARING PADS WHICH ARE PLACED BETWEEN BUILDING
AND BUILDING FOUNDATION.
• LEAD RUBBER BEARING IS SANDWICHED BETWEEN TWO STEEL PLATES
• REDUCE THE BUILDING ACCELERATION BY ¼ THE ACCELERATION OF FIXED BASE
BUILDING
• ACCELERATION DECREASED BECAUSE THE BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM LENGTHENS THE
BUILDING'S PERIOD OF VIBRATION.
• RUBBER IS HIGHLY ELASTIC SO REDUCE THE DAMAGE
• CONVERTS THE KINETIC ENERGY AS HEAT

10. BANDS
• HORIZONTAL
BANDS ARE THE
MOST IMPORTANT
EARTHQUAKE-
RESISTANT
FEATURE IN
MASONRY
BUILDINGS.
• THEY HOLD A MASONRY
BUILDING AS A SINGLE
UNIT BY TYING ALL THE
WALLS TOGETHER.
• THERE ARE FOUR
TYPES OF BANDS IN
A TYPICAL
MASONRY
BUILDING,
• GABLE BAND, ROOF
BAND, LINTEL BAND
AND PLINTH BAND.
• THE USE OF HORIZONTAL
BANDS WILL HELP ALL
THE ELEMENTS TO BE
CONFINED TOGETHER AS
A SINGLE UNIT .

11. • THE 1993 LATUR EARTHQUAKE(CENTRAL INDIA)-ONE MASONRY HOUSE IN
KILLARI VILLAGE HAD HORIZONTAL LINTEL BAND AND SUSTAINED THE
SHAKING WITHOUT DAMAGE.

12. ROLLERS
• ROLLERS ARE ALSO AND
IMPORTANT PART OF THE
EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANCE DESIGN .
• IT LET THE BUILDING
HOLD STEADY WITHOUT
MAKING THE ANY
DAMAGE TO THE
SUPERSTRUCTURE.
• IT IS FOUND AT THE
BOTTOM LEVEL OF THE
BUILDING OR PROJECT.
• IT COMES BACK AT THE
ORIGINAL PLACE IF IT
GETS AFFECT OF ANY
SESMICS CALAMITIES.
• THIS KIND OF
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
ARE ALSO USED IN
BRIDGES.
• THIS MAKE THE
ROLLER SUPPORTS A
MAIN AND USEFUL
DESIGN ELEMENTS
FOR THE BUILDING.

13. • WHAT IS SOIL?
• SOIL IS THE THIN LAYER OF MATERIAL ON THE
EARTH'S SURFACE.
• IT IS A NATURAL RESOURCE CONSISTING OF
WEATHERED AND ORGANIC MATERIALS, AIR AND
WATER.
IMPORTANCE OF SOIL
• SOIL IS OUR LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM.
• SOIL PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE EARTH’S
ECOSYSTEM.
• WITHOUT SOIL HUMAN LIFE WOULD BE VERY
DIFFICULT.
• SOIL ARE THE PLATFORM FOR URBAN SETTLEMENT
AND ARE USED AS MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION
• IT PROVIDES MAN WITH SOME ESSENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURING MATERIALS,
WE BUILD OUR HOUSES WITH BRICKS MADE FROM
CLAY

14. • SOIL FUNCTIONS ARE GENERAL
CAPABILITIES OF SOILS THAT ARE
IMPORTANT FOR VARIOUS
AGRICULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL,
NATURE PROTECTION, LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN
APPLICATIONS.
• SIX KEY SOIL FUNCTIONS ARE:
• FOOD AND OTHER BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
• ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION:
STORAGE, FILTERING, AND
TRANSFORMATION
• BIOLOGICAL HABITAT AND GENE POOL
• SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS
• PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
• PLATFORM FOR MAN-MADE
STRUCTURES: BUILDINGS, HIGHWAYS