This document provides an overview of the layers of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. It describes the crust as the outermost layer that makes up 1% of the Earth and is broken into tectonic plates. The mantle is directly below the crust, makes up 67% of the Earth, and is divided into upper and lower sections. The core is at the center and accounts for 33% of the Earth's mass, with the outer core liquid and the inner core solid. It compares the layers to an egg shell, with the crust as the shell, mantle as the egg white, and core as the yolk.

1. Department of Physics
University of Education Lahore
(Multan Campus)

2. Introduction
Planet Profile
Layers of Earth
Temperature of Earth’s Layers
The Crust
The Mantle
The Core
Plate Tectonics

3. • Solar System (an overlook)
Shape of milky-way galaxy Planets in Solar System

4. Mass: 5,972,190,000,000,000 billion kg
Equatorial Diameter: 12756km
Polar Diameter: 12,714km
Equatorial Circumference: 40030km
Known Satellites: 1
Notable Satellites: The moon
Orbit Distance: 149,598,262km
Orbit Period: 365.26 Earth days
Surface Temperature: -88 to 580C

5. • The earth is subsequently
divided into main three layers,
i. Crust
ii. Mantle
iii. Core
• Types of core
i. Inner core
ii. Outer core

6. How are the layers of Earth is similar to an egg?
 Shell = crust
 Egg white = mantle
 Yolk = core

7. • Crust =0 to 50km
• Mantle = 50 to 2900km
• Outer core = 2900 to
5100km
• Inner core = 5100 to
6371km

9. • The Earth’s crust is like the skin of apple. It is very
thin compared to the other three layers.
• The crust makes up of 1% of the Earth
• The crust of Earth is broken into many pieces called
plates.

10. • Thinnest layer (0 to 50km)
Types of crust
• Continental crust
• Oceanic crust

11. • The mantle is the layer
below the crust.
• The mantle is the largest
layer of the Earth.
The mantle is divided
into two regions:
• Upper section
• Lower section

12. • Extremely Thick!
(2900km)
• It is too far down to drill.
• It is the 67% of Earth’s
mass.

13. • Pretty darn big. (6856km)
• (Slightly bigger than Mars!)
• 33% of mass of Earth
 Scientists think…….
Made mostly of iron
Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen
 What is the evidence ?
The particular way of seismic waves travel
Earth’s magnetic field

14. • The core of the Earth
is like a ball of very
hot metals.
• The outer core is
liquid.
• The outer core is
made up of iron and
is very dense.

15. • The inner core of the Earth
has temperature and
pressure so great that the
metals are squeezed
together and are not able to
move.
• The inner core is a solid.

16. The Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates
which are moved in various directions.
This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart,
or scrape against each other.
Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set
of Earth structure or “tectonic” features.
The word, tectonic, refers to the deformation of
crust as a consequence of plate interaction.