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Stroke and its Types
Stroke
• A stroke is a medical emergency that happens
when the blood flow to your brain is interrupted.
• Without blood, your brain cells start to die.
• This can cause serious symptoms, lasting
disability, and even death
• A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of
your brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing
brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients.
• Brain cells begin to die in minutes.
Signs of Stroke in Men and Women
• Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm,
or leg, especially on one side of the body.
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty
understanding speech.
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
balance, or lack of coordination.
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
Types of stroke
• The three main types of stroke are:
• Ischemic stroke.
• Hemorrhagic stroke.
• Transient ischemic attack (a warning or “mini-
stroke”).
Ischemic Stroke
• Most strokes (87%) are ischemic strokes.
• An ischemic stroke happens when blood flow
through the artery that supplies oxygen-rich
blood to the brain becomes blocked.
• Blood clots often cause the blockages that lead to
ischemic strokes.
Treatment
• The main treatment for ischemic stroke is
intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA),
which breaks up clots.
• 2018 guidelines from the American Heart
Association (AHA) and the American Stroke
Association (ASA) state that tPA is most effective
when it's given within four and a half hours from
the start of a stroke.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
• A hemorrhagic stroke happens when an artery in
the brain leaks blood or ruptures (breaks open).
The leaked blood puts too much pressure on
brain cells, which damages them.
• High blood pressure and aneurysms—balloon-
like bulges in an artery that can stretch and
burst—are examples of conditions that can cause
a hemorrhagic stroke.
Types
• There are two types of hemorrhagic strokes:
• Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most
common type of hemorrhagic stroke.
• It occurs when an artery in the brain bursts,
flooding the surrounding tissue with blood.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a less common
type of hemorrhagic stroke.
• It refers to bleeding in the area between the
brain and the thin tissues that cover it.
Treatment
• Emergency treatment for a hemorrhagic
stroke
• Immediate emergency care is crucial for a
hemorrhagic stroke.
• This treatment focuses on controlling the
bleeding in your brain and reducing the pressure
caused by the bleeding.
• Drugs can be used to reduce blood pressure or
slow down the bleeding.
• If you experience a hemorrhagic stroke while on
blood thinners, you’re at particular risk for
excessive bleeding.
• Drugs to counteract the effect of the blood
thinners are usually given right away during
emergency treatment
Surgical Treatment
• Once a hemorrhagic stroke is brought under
control with emergency care, further treatment
measures can be taken.
• If the rupture is small and produces only a small
amount of bleeding and pressure, supportive
care may be the only other form of care you
need.
• This may include:
• IV fluids
• rest
• management of other medical problems
• speech, physical, or occupational therapy
• For more serious strokes, surgery may be needed
to repair the ruptured blood vessel and stop the
bleeding.
• If the stroke is caused by an AVM, surgery may
be used to remove it.
• This is not always possible, however, and
depends on the location of the AVM.
• Surgery may also be required to relieve the
pressure caused by the bleeding and brain
swelling.
•
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an
abnormal tangle of blood vessels
connecting arteries and veins, which
disrupts normal blood flow and oxygen
circulation
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
• A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is sometimes
called a “mini-stroke.”
• It is different from the major types of stroke
because blood flow to the brain is blocked for
only a short time—usually no more than 5
minutes.
• It is important to know that:
• A TIA is a warning sign of a future stroke.
• A TIA is a medical emergency, just like a major
stroke.
• Strokes and TIAs require emergency care.
• Call 9-1-1 right away if you feel signs of a stroke
or see symptoms in someone around you.
• There is no way to know in the beginning
whether symptoms are from a TIA or from a
major type of stroke.
• Like ischemic strokes, blood clots often cause
TIAs.
• More than a third of people who have a TIA and
don’t get treatment have a major stroke within 1
year. As many as 10% to 15% of people will have
a major stroke within 3 months of a TIA.
Treatment
• LifeStyle Changes
• These inclide:
• eating a healthy, balanced diet – a low-fat,
reduced-salt, high-fibre diet is usually
recommended, including plenty of fresh fruit
and vegetables
• exercising regularly – for most people this
means at least 150 minutes of moderate-
intensity activity, such as cycling or fast walking
• 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity such as
running, swimming, or riding a bike up a hill,
every week. Plus, strength exercises on 2 days
every week.
• stopping smoking – if you smoke, stopping
may significantly reduce your risk of having a
stroke in the future.
Medicines
• Most people who have had a TIA will need to
take 1 or more medicines every day, long term,
to help reduce their chances of having a stroke
or another TIA.
• Aspirin and other antiplatelet medicines
• You'll probably be given aspirin straight after a
suspected TIA.
• Aspirin works as an antiplatelet medicine.
• Antiplatelet medicines work by reducing the
ability of platelets to stick together and form
blood clots.
• You may also be given other antiplatelets, such
as clopidogrel or dipyridamole.
• The main side effects of antiplatelet medicines
include indigestion and an increased risk of
bleeding. For example, you may bleed for longer
if you cut yourself and you may bruise easily.

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Stroke and its Types.pptx

  • 2. Stroke • A stroke is a medical emergency that happens when the blood flow to your brain is interrupted. • Without blood, your brain cells start to die. • This can cause serious symptoms, lasting disability, and even death
  • 3. • A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. • Brain cells begin to die in minutes.
  • 4. Signs of Stroke in Men and Women • Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. • Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech.
  • 5. • Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes. • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination. • Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
  • 6. Types of stroke • The three main types of stroke are: • Ischemic stroke. • Hemorrhagic stroke. • Transient ischemic attack (a warning or “mini- stroke”).
  • 7. Ischemic Stroke • Most strokes (87%) are ischemic strokes. • An ischemic stroke happens when blood flow through the artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes blocked. • Blood clots often cause the blockages that lead to ischemic strokes.
  • 8.
  • 9. Treatment • The main treatment for ischemic stroke is intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which breaks up clots. • 2018 guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Stroke Association (ASA) state that tPA is most effective when it's given within four and a half hours from the start of a stroke.
  • 10. Hemorrhagic Stroke • A hemorrhagic stroke happens when an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures (breaks open). The leaked blood puts too much pressure on brain cells, which damages them. • High blood pressure and aneurysms—balloon- like bulges in an artery that can stretch and burst—are examples of conditions that can cause a hemorrhagic stroke.
  • 11. Types • There are two types of hemorrhagic strokes: • Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke. • It occurs when an artery in the brain bursts, flooding the surrounding tissue with blood.
  • 12. • Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a less common type of hemorrhagic stroke. • It refers to bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover it.
  • 13.
  • 14. Treatment • Emergency treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke • Immediate emergency care is crucial for a hemorrhagic stroke. • This treatment focuses on controlling the bleeding in your brain and reducing the pressure caused by the bleeding.
  • 15. • Drugs can be used to reduce blood pressure or slow down the bleeding. • If you experience a hemorrhagic stroke while on blood thinners, you’re at particular risk for excessive bleeding. • Drugs to counteract the effect of the blood thinners are usually given right away during emergency treatment
  • 16. Surgical Treatment • Once a hemorrhagic stroke is brought under control with emergency care, further treatment measures can be taken. • If the rupture is small and produces only a small amount of bleeding and pressure, supportive care may be the only other form of care you need. • This may include:
  • 17. • IV fluids • rest • management of other medical problems • speech, physical, or occupational therapy • For more serious strokes, surgery may be needed to repair the ruptured blood vessel and stop the bleeding.
  • 18. • If the stroke is caused by an AVM, surgery may be used to remove it. • This is not always possible, however, and depends on the location of the AVM. • Surgery may also be required to relieve the pressure caused by the bleeding and brain swelling. • An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, which disrupts normal blood flow and oxygen circulation
  • 19. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) • A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is sometimes called a “mini-stroke.” • It is different from the major types of stroke because blood flow to the brain is blocked for only a short time—usually no more than 5 minutes.
  • 20. • It is important to know that: • A TIA is a warning sign of a future stroke. • A TIA is a medical emergency, just like a major stroke. • Strokes and TIAs require emergency care. • Call 9-1-1 right away if you feel signs of a stroke or see symptoms in someone around you.
  • 21. • There is no way to know in the beginning whether symptoms are from a TIA or from a major type of stroke. • Like ischemic strokes, blood clots often cause TIAs. • More than a third of people who have a TIA and don’t get treatment have a major stroke within 1 year. As many as 10% to 15% of people will have a major stroke within 3 months of a TIA.
  • 22.
  • 23. Treatment • LifeStyle Changes • These inclide: • eating a healthy, balanced diet – a low-fat, reduced-salt, high-fibre diet is usually recommended, including plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables • exercising regularly – for most people this means at least 150 minutes of moderate- intensity activity, such as cycling or fast walking
  • 24. • 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity such as running, swimming, or riding a bike up a hill, every week. Plus, strength exercises on 2 days every week. • stopping smoking – if you smoke, stopping may significantly reduce your risk of having a stroke in the future.
  • 25. Medicines • Most people who have had a TIA will need to take 1 or more medicines every day, long term, to help reduce their chances of having a stroke or another TIA. • Aspirin and other antiplatelet medicines • You'll probably be given aspirin straight after a suspected TIA. • Aspirin works as an antiplatelet medicine.
  • 26. • Antiplatelet medicines work by reducing the ability of platelets to stick together and form blood clots. • You may also be given other antiplatelets, such as clopidogrel or dipyridamole. • The main side effects of antiplatelet medicines include indigestion and an increased risk of bleeding. For example, you may bleed for longer if you cut yourself and you may bruise easily.