DEFINITION,RISK FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS,MEDICAL & SURGICAL MANAGEMENT,NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR CVA.

1. CEREBRO
VASCULAR
ACCIDENT

3. Stroke is caused by the interruption of
the blood supply to the brain, usually
because a blood vessel bursts or is
blocked by a clot. This cuts off the
supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing
damage to the brain tissue.
 Also called “brain attack” or cerebral
infarction.
WHAT IS STROKE?
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4. RISK FACTORS
NON MODIFIABLE
 Age
 Gender
 Race
 Family history /
Heredity
MODIFIABLE
 Hypertension
 Heart disease
 Smoking
 Alcoholism
 Obesity
 Sleep apnoea
 Metabolic
syndromes
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5. DIRECT CAUSES
 Cerebral thrombosis
 Cerebral haemorrhage / aneurysm
 Cerebral embolism
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7. STAGES OF CVA
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Transient
Ischemic
Attack
Reversible
Ischemic
Neurologic
Deficit
(RIND)
Stroke In
Evolution
(SIE)
Completed
Stroke
(CS)

8. TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC
ATTACK
 Temporary focal loss of neurologic
function caused by ischemia of one
of the vascular territories of the
brain lasting for < 24 hrs and often
lasting <15 minutes.
 Also called mini stroke.
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9. 9

10. IS IT A STROKE?
BE FAST
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11. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
CHANGES IN
 Motor function
 Communication
 Affect
 Intellectual function
 Spatial perceptual alterations
 Elimination
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12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
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13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
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17. PREVENTION
 Reduce salt and sodium intake
 Low fat, increase fruits and
vegetables intake.
 Lifestyle modification.
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18. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
INITIAL
 Maintenance of airway
 Pulse oximetry
 Adequate oxygenation
 IV Fluid therapy
 Treatment of cerebral edema
 Seizure precaution
ONGOING
 Vital signs, neurological status, cardiac
rhythm, motor & sensory function,Spo2
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19. PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
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20. SURGICAL MANGEMENT
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21. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Ineffective tissue perfusion (cerebral)
related to decreased cerebral blood
flow.
 Ineffective airway clearance related to
accumulation of secretions.
 Impaired physical mobility related to
neuromuscular and cognitive
impairment.
 Impaired verbal communication related
to residual aphasia.
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22. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Disturbed sensory perception
related to neurological dysfunction.
 Imbalanced nutrition less than body
requirement related to difficulty in
swallowing.
 Impaired urinary elimination related
to diminished transmission of
impulses to void or inability to reach
the toilet.
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23. SUMMARY

24. CONCLUSION

25. UNIT TEST
Q1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(5 x 1 = 5)
1. Temporary focal loss of neurologic function caused
by ischemia of the brain lasting for < 24 hrs is
called_______
a) TIA b) cerebral haemorrhage c) complete
stroke c) coma.
2.Initial signs of stroke can be identified with
____________ assessment.
a)DO FAST b) BE FAST c) GO FAST d) GET
FAST.
3.The drug to be given in the first 4.5 hours after a
stroke to lyse clots is _______
a)Antihypertensive b) Analgesics c) ACE 26

26. 4._____________ is used to visualize narrow blood
vessels.
a)MRI b) MRA c) CT scan d) Trans Cranial
Doppler.
5.Head of the bed elevation should be ____________
degrees to treat cerebral edema.
a)60 degree b) 45 degree c) 30 degree d) 90
degree.
Q2. Write short notes on the following ( 2 x 5 = 10)
1. Write in brief about clinical manifestations and
pathophysiology of stroke.
2.Elaborate the risk factors and types of stroke.
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27. Q3. A 45-Year-old man was bought to hospital with
complaints of loss of balance, weakness of one side
of body and slurred speech.
a)What could be the possible diagnosis. (1)
b)Write in brief about the management . (3)
c)Write down the priority wise nursing diagnosis and
elaborate one by applying nursing process approach.
(6)
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