Igor Stravinsky was a Russian composer who revolutionized rhythmic structure through his compositions for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. He incorporated Russian folk songs in innovative ways in some of his most famous ballets, including directly borrowing melodies for parts of The Firebird. Stravinsky blended folk material with contemporary techniques to create landmark works like The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. Igor Stravinsky 1882-1971
Russian 20th century nationalist, composer, pianist, &
conductor
Russian, French, and American citizen
Revolutionized rhythmic structure
Ballet Russes, concerto grosso, fugue, symphony
Three stylistic periods:
Russian period: 1908-1919
Neoclassical period: 1920-1954
Serial period: 1954-1968
3. Stravinsky’s Ballet Russe
Legacy
Series of compositions commissioned by Sergei
Diaghilev, founder of Ballets Russes
Premiered in Paris
Progressively more innovative harmonic/rhythmic
structures
Stravinsky : Rhythm , Debussy : Melody
Stravinsky also arranged several shorter suites of
his ballets for concert performances.
4. Folk Songs in Ballet Russe
Stravinsky incorporates folk songs in a variety of ways
into his most famous Ballets Russes:
The Firebird
Petrushka
The Rite of Spring.
The Firebird displays the most direct borrowing of folk
song
For example, the “Round Dance of the Princesses” in
The Firebird borrows the melody of an original
Russian folk song.
Stravinsky also borrows the melody of another
Russian folk song for the theme of the Finale of The
5.
6.
7. Folk Songs in Ballet Russe
Stravinsky was able to perfect a unique art of
borrowing familiar folk melodies and blending
them with contemporary compositional
approaches to produce his most famous
Ballets Russes, The Firebird, Petrushka, and
The Rite of Spring.
