This document provides a strategy for sustainable rural tourism development in Serbia. It aims to diversify the rural economy through activities like developing a national rural tourism master plan, providing guidance for public investment, strengthening capacities of rural tourism entrepreneurs, and supporting local projects through a Joint UN Fund. Five UN agencies will work with Serbian government partners to implement the strategy over 2.5 years, funded by a $4 million grant. The strategy includes plans for rural tourism positioning, cluster development, experience development, market development and promotion, economic impact, environmental and social considerations, and tourism support development.
This document outlines Turkey's Tourism Strategy for 2023. The strategy aims to guide Turkey's tourism sector over the next 15 years by establishing a vision, objectives, and strategic plans.
The vision is for Turkey to become one of the top 5 countries for tourism receipts and visitors by 2023 through sustainable tourism practices.
Key objectives include reducing regional development disparities, increasing competitiveness, improving marketing, and establishing "tourism cities" focused on alternative tourism types like health, thermal, golf, and winter sports.
Strategic plans cover areas like planning, investment, organization, transportation, education, service quality, city branding, and tourism diversification to strengthen Turkey's tourism industry and realize the goals of
The document outlines the process and methodology used to develop the Cherkasy Region Development Strategy 2020. It involved a working group that conducted socio-economic analysis, SWOT analysis, and identified strategic goals and actions. Public participation and consensus building were prioritized. The strategy aims to turn Cherkasy into a model region with sustainable development, innovative industry, ecological agriculture, tourism, and high quality of life.
This document presents the findings of a national survey on domestic tourism in India conducted in 2002 by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) for the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Some key findings of the survey include:
- Around 86.8 million households in India were identified as tourist households, with 65 million located in rural areas. Common purposes of trips included social, religious/pilgrimage, and leisure/holiday travel.
- A total of 230 million trips were taken within India in 2002, with rural residents accounting for most (169 million). Trip characteristics varied regionally and by income/occupation. Middle-income households represented the highest share of trips.
- The survey estimated
This document appears to be from a church newsletter called "Crossroads" published on November 17, 2011. It provides information to members of Old Savannah Baptist Church located at 158 Sutton Branch in Sylva, North Carolina. The newsletter likely includes updates about church events, sermons, and community activities.
R407C Air Conditioning system simulation with numenGo|FL - SimulationXnumenGo
The document discusses an air conditioning loop simulation using numenGo software. The numenGo software contains libraries for modeling thermal fluids and two-phase mixtures. It allows modeling an air conditioning loop including a condenser with multiple plate passes, an evaporator, and studying refrigerant properties, heat exchanger performance, and air flow profiles. The software provides components for system-level modeling of HVAC and other applications involving two-phase mixtures and heat exchangers.
Resource Management in complex environments: an application to Real Time Stra...Thiago Andrade
This document presents an approach called PICFlex for managing resources in real-time strategy games. PICFlex uses investment policies that allocate resources across different goals like army, buildings, and upgrades. These policies can be fixed or flexible/adapted based on the game context. Experiments show that a player using a flexible, adapted investment policy outperformed those using random, fixed, or single-switching policies, achieving a 42% victory rate on average. The success of the flexible policy demonstrates the value of dynamic resource allocation based on game state. Future work further improving the policy functions and strategy execution is suggested.
Poems For Grown Up Children by Jack Dean SAMPLEBurning Eye
Jack Dean started rapping in an atrocious punk-rap crossover band aged 15. Since then he's calmed down a bit, got a girlfriend, and carried his love of shouting at strangers to many places. Jack takes the hip hop medium he grew up with, goes out with it gets it drunk and pushes it down the high street in a shopping trolley full of fireworks at 4am. Maybe. Poems for Grown Up Children is his debut collection and is very much 21st Century poetry for 21st Century people. People who have grown up with technology and take it for granted. People who take the cacophony that backdrops our lives and hang it up as curtains. This is poetry infused with different beats. Poetry remixed and remade and slapped into a mix tape and taken out for a night on the tiles. Matched with the perfect complement of Hannah Jane Copestake's illustrations this is poetry polished with craft and complexity that will be appreciated by the grown up child in us all.
£7.99 incl. UK P&P from www.burningeye.co.uk
This document outlines Turkey's Tourism Strategy for 2023. The strategy aims to guide Turkey's tourism sector over the next 15 years by establishing a vision, objectives, and strategic plans.
The vision is for Turkey to become one of the top 5 countries for tourism receipts and visitors by 2023 through sustainable tourism practices.
Key objectives include reducing regional development disparities, increasing competitiveness, improving marketing, and establishing "tourism cities" focused on alternative tourism types like health, thermal, golf, and winter sports.
Strategic plans cover areas like planning, investment, organization, transportation, education, service quality, city branding, and tourism diversification to strengthen Turkey's tourism industry and realize the goals of
The document outlines the process and methodology used to develop the Cherkasy Region Development Strategy 2020. It involved a working group that conducted socio-economic analysis, SWOT analysis, and identified strategic goals and actions. Public participation and consensus building were prioritized. The strategy aims to turn Cherkasy into a model region with sustainable development, innovative industry, ecological agriculture, tourism, and high quality of life.
This document presents the findings of a national survey on domestic tourism in India conducted in 2002 by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) for the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Some key findings of the survey include:
- Around 86.8 million households in India were identified as tourist households, with 65 million located in rural areas. Common purposes of trips included social, religious/pilgrimage, and leisure/holiday travel.
- A total of 230 million trips were taken within India in 2002, with rural residents accounting for most (169 million). Trip characteristics varied regionally and by income/occupation. Middle-income households represented the highest share of trips.
- The survey estimated
This document appears to be from a church newsletter called "Crossroads" published on November 17, 2011. It provides information to members of Old Savannah Baptist Church located at 158 Sutton Branch in Sylva, North Carolina. The newsletter likely includes updates about church events, sermons, and community activities.
R407C Air Conditioning system simulation with numenGo|FL - SimulationXnumenGo
The document discusses an air conditioning loop simulation using numenGo software. The numenGo software contains libraries for modeling thermal fluids and two-phase mixtures. It allows modeling an air conditioning loop including a condenser with multiple plate passes, an evaporator, and studying refrigerant properties, heat exchanger performance, and air flow profiles. The software provides components for system-level modeling of HVAC and other applications involving two-phase mixtures and heat exchangers.
Resource Management in complex environments: an application to Real Time Stra...Thiago Andrade
This document presents an approach called PICFlex for managing resources in real-time strategy games. PICFlex uses investment policies that allocate resources across different goals like army, buildings, and upgrades. These policies can be fixed or flexible/adapted based on the game context. Experiments show that a player using a flexible, adapted investment policy outperformed those using random, fixed, or single-switching policies, achieving a 42% victory rate on average. The success of the flexible policy demonstrates the value of dynamic resource allocation based on game state. Future work further improving the policy functions and strategy execution is suggested.
Poems For Grown Up Children by Jack Dean SAMPLEBurning Eye
Jack Dean started rapping in an atrocious punk-rap crossover band aged 15. Since then he's calmed down a bit, got a girlfriend, and carried his love of shouting at strangers to many places. Jack takes the hip hop medium he grew up with, goes out with it gets it drunk and pushes it down the high street in a shopping trolley full of fireworks at 4am. Maybe. Poems for Grown Up Children is his debut collection and is very much 21st Century poetry for 21st Century people. People who have grown up with technology and take it for granted. People who take the cacophony that backdrops our lives and hang it up as curtains. This is poetry infused with different beats. Poetry remixed and remade and slapped into a mix tape and taken out for a night on the tiles. Matched with the perfect complement of Hannah Jane Copestake's illustrations this is poetry polished with craft and complexity that will be appreciated by the grown up child in us all.
£7.99 incl. UK P&P from www.burningeye.co.uk
The Serbian Entrepreneurial Community is an example of the power of a grass-roots initiative to build trust and, by building a complex network of horizontal and vertical relations, encourage collaboration and break administrative boundaries in a push to implement adult education.
The partnership in Serbia that resulted in an Entrepreneurial Community consists of four main actors:
• Radojicic farm (lead)
• Mionica Municipality
• Kreativa (non-governmental organisation)
• Mionica High School
Serbia struggles with high youth unemployment, significant disparities between regional labour markets, low workforce mobility and an exodus of qualified workforce. The participation of women in the labour market is significantly below that of men. The Serbian Entrepreneurial Community is located in the town and municipality of Mionica, which have populations of 1,500 and 14,000 respectively. The economy of Mionica is tourism-led, targeting mainly weekend and holiday season visitors from the capital Belgrade. Mionica has high unemployment and women carry the bulk of the burden as many marry young, never complete their secondary education and thus struggle to enter the labour market.
This document provides instructions for becoming a pirate by finding clues to assemble a crew, boat, and story. The player is guided by Captain Willi the Red to identify a pirate crew member with a hat who likes sailing and knows navigation. From clues, the player chooses a three-masted ship with an excellent crew. The player is then prompted to continue the story of the pirate Banana Beard and his treasure map, earning an authentic pirate license upon completion.
Как культурные события могут стать основой для развития малого бизнеса и помочь формированию идентичности в регионе?
Проект сформирован в рабочей группе, которая разрабатывала предложения в стратегию развития Волгоградской области.
This document lists various trademarks and licenses associated with software and technologies. It provides trademarks and registered trademarks for products from Sony Creative Software Inc. It also lists licenses and copyright information for technologies including Boost Software, OFX, OpenCV, CineForm, Dolby, Gracenote, JPEG, Main Concept, Microsoft DirectX, and Windows Media. The document attributes trademarks, patents, and licenses to their respective owners.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pekerja kreatif di industri kreatif. Pekerja kreatif memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dari pekerja konvensional karena memiliki jam kerja yang tidak teratur dan membutuhkan suasana santai untuk mencari ide dan inspirasi. Namun, karakteristik tersebut seringkali bertentangan dengan sifat profesionalitas yang dibutuhkan dunia bisnis. Diperlukan adanya kompromi antara kebutuhan pekerja k
The document appears to be a collection of photos and captions from a classroom documenting various lessons and activities over time. Some of the topics covered include celebrating birthdays, a nutrition lesson on healthy and unhealthy foods, taking time to relax and re-energize, playing sports safely, science experiments, gardening, art, drama productions, technology use, water safety, and music lessons. Students engaged in a variety of collaborative and creative hands-on learning experiences.
This document lists the titles of 4 video games in the God of War series. God of War 1 is listed first, followed by God of War 2, God of War 3, and God of War 4. The document provides a simple listing of the main titles in numerical order from the first to the most recent installment in the popular God of War franchise of action-adventure games.
This document contains survey results from different age groups on topics related to movies, music and social issues. It includes data on the gender and age of respondents and their ratings of the importance of characters, locations and pace in movies. It also includes ratings of different music genres and issues like alcohol/drugs, domestic violence and relationships.
This document provides a broad policy framework to guide the sustainable development of tourism in Barbados. It outlines the policy formulation process, which included widespread consultation with tourism stakeholders. The document examines tourism from a global and regional perspective, noting its growth worldwide and importance to Caribbean economies. Some key challenges facing Caribbean tourism development are increasing competition from other destinations and maintaining high product quality while preserving environmental and cultural resources. The vision is for tourism to transform Barbados' economy by offering a diverse, high-quality tourism product that benefits both visitors and local communities.
This document is a national report from Serbia for the 2012 United Nations Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development. It summarizes Serbia's progress towards developing a green economy and outlines strategic directions for further development. The report provides an overview of existing strategic frameworks and policies, highlights examples of green economy initiatives in Serbia related to sustainable tourism and cleaner production, analyzes scenarios in key sectors like energy and agriculture, and offers strategic policy recommendations. It was coordinated by Serbia's Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning with support from UNDP and UNEP to serve as an input to the Rio+20 Conference discussions on green economy and sustainable development.
The Strategic Plan for Tourism 2017-2022 prepared by the Standing Committee on Tourism Promotion, with coordination by the Directorate General of Tourism of the Ministry of Heritage, Cultural Activities and Tourism - MiBACT, offers the opportunity to implement in full the strategy of providing Italy with a unified vision of tourism and culture, thus satisfying the need to focus the country’s development policies on tourism.
This document provides a guide for local government units to assess their potential for tourism development. It discusses the benefits of tourism, including economic benefits like job creation and revenue generation, as well as social benefits. It outlines several tourism subsectors such as ecotourism, medical tourism, meetings and conventions tourism, and cultural heritage tourism. For each subsector, it defines the concept, identifies requirements and components, and provides recommendations for development. The overall aim is to help local governments understand tourism and determine their competitive advantages to enhance local economic development through this industry.
This document provides guidelines for setting up an effective evaluation process of local development strategies in Hungary. It discusses the importance of evaluation in the policymaking process and how monitoring and evaluation can work together as part of an information reporting system. The document outlines key aspects of evaluation including defining evaluation, its role in evidence-based policymaking, how to set up an effective evaluation process organizationally and procedurally, evaluation methods and techniques, reporting progress, and implementation recommendations. It also includes annexes on learning from international practices, the use of indicators, and references for further reading.
Directory of DCFTA-related support programmes and projectsDCFTAProject_2014
„Compendiul programelor și proiectelor de sprijin în implementarea DCFTA în Republica Moldova” a fost conceput pentru a sprijini procesul de implementare DCFTA și pentru o mai bună coordonare a donatorilor. Compendiul poate fi folosit și ca un instrument util pentru a maximiza sinergiile și complementaritățile între donatori și minimiza în timp zonele de suprapunere a domeniilor acoperite de DCFTA.
The document is a 20-page executive summary of the Médine Master Plan 2005-2025. It outlines key concepts like integrated development, sustainable development and social integration that guided the plan. It summarizes the plan's proposals for residential, economic, educational, health and cultural infrastructure over three phases from 2005-2025. The plan aims to transition the area from an agriculture-based economy to a more diversified one centered around tourism, industry and services, while promoting social inclusion.
The document outlines a campaign plan for the Samaritan Foundation to recruit new foster carers. It includes a situation analysis, objectives, target audiences, and proposed strategies. The campaign will use various tactics like presentations, social media, flyers, an online quiz and event over 4 months to recruit 16 new foster carers in the Newcastle and Mudgee regions of New South Wales. The plan provides details on implementation, contingencies, evaluation and a $3,000 budget.
2011-07-06 Report on investment policy and activitiesVasilije Ćetković
This document analyzes investment policies, activities, and opportunities in tourism in Serbia. It examines public spending on tourism and promotion of tourism investments. It also explores privatization and profiles investors and current projects. Key findings include: 1) Public funds have supported tourism infrastructure and SME development but data is limited. 2) Privatization has attracted some domestic and foreign investors to hotels. 3) Major projects are underway across clusters, led by domestic and regional companies, but some face delays. Recommendations focus on improving data collection and promoting public-private partnerships.
The Serbian Entrepreneurial Community is an example of the power of a grass-roots initiative to build trust and, by building a complex network of horizontal and vertical relations, encourage collaboration and break administrative boundaries in a push to implement adult education.
The partnership in Serbia that resulted in an Entrepreneurial Community consists of four main actors:
• Radojicic farm (lead)
• Mionica Municipality
• Kreativa (non-governmental organisation)
• Mionica High School
Serbia struggles with high youth unemployment, significant disparities between regional labour markets, low workforce mobility and an exodus of qualified workforce. The participation of women in the labour market is significantly below that of men. The Serbian Entrepreneurial Community is located in the town and municipality of Mionica, which have populations of 1,500 and 14,000 respectively. The economy of Mionica is tourism-led, targeting mainly weekend and holiday season visitors from the capital Belgrade. Mionica has high unemployment and women carry the bulk of the burden as many marry young, never complete their secondary education and thus struggle to enter the labour market.
This document provides instructions for becoming a pirate by finding clues to assemble a crew, boat, and story. The player is guided by Captain Willi the Red to identify a pirate crew member with a hat who likes sailing and knows navigation. From clues, the player chooses a three-masted ship with an excellent crew. The player is then prompted to continue the story of the pirate Banana Beard and his treasure map, earning an authentic pirate license upon completion.
Как культурные события могут стать основой для развития малого бизнеса и помочь формированию идентичности в регионе?
Проект сформирован в рабочей группе, которая разрабатывала предложения в стратегию развития Волгоградской области.
This document lists various trademarks and licenses associated with software and technologies. It provides trademarks and registered trademarks for products from Sony Creative Software Inc. It also lists licenses and copyright information for technologies including Boost Software, OFX, OpenCV, CineForm, Dolby, Gracenote, JPEG, Main Concept, Microsoft DirectX, and Windows Media. The document attributes trademarks, patents, and licenses to their respective owners.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pekerja kreatif di industri kreatif. Pekerja kreatif memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dari pekerja konvensional karena memiliki jam kerja yang tidak teratur dan membutuhkan suasana santai untuk mencari ide dan inspirasi. Namun, karakteristik tersebut seringkali bertentangan dengan sifat profesionalitas yang dibutuhkan dunia bisnis. Diperlukan adanya kompromi antara kebutuhan pekerja k
The document appears to be a collection of photos and captions from a classroom documenting various lessons and activities over time. Some of the topics covered include celebrating birthdays, a nutrition lesson on healthy and unhealthy foods, taking time to relax and re-energize, playing sports safely, science experiments, gardening, art, drama productions, technology use, water safety, and music lessons. Students engaged in a variety of collaborative and creative hands-on learning experiences.
This document lists the titles of 4 video games in the God of War series. God of War 1 is listed first, followed by God of War 2, God of War 3, and God of War 4. The document provides a simple listing of the main titles in numerical order from the first to the most recent installment in the popular God of War franchise of action-adventure games.
This document contains survey results from different age groups on topics related to movies, music and social issues. It includes data on the gender and age of respondents and their ratings of the importance of characters, locations and pace in movies. It also includes ratings of different music genres and issues like alcohol/drugs, domestic violence and relationships.
This document provides a broad policy framework to guide the sustainable development of tourism in Barbados. It outlines the policy formulation process, which included widespread consultation with tourism stakeholders. The document examines tourism from a global and regional perspective, noting its growth worldwide and importance to Caribbean economies. Some key challenges facing Caribbean tourism development are increasing competition from other destinations and maintaining high product quality while preserving environmental and cultural resources. The vision is for tourism to transform Barbados' economy by offering a diverse, high-quality tourism product that benefits both visitors and local communities.
This document is a national report from Serbia for the 2012 United Nations Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development. It summarizes Serbia's progress towards developing a green economy and outlines strategic directions for further development. The report provides an overview of existing strategic frameworks and policies, highlights examples of green economy initiatives in Serbia related to sustainable tourism and cleaner production, analyzes scenarios in key sectors like energy and agriculture, and offers strategic policy recommendations. It was coordinated by Serbia's Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning with support from UNDP and UNEP to serve as an input to the Rio+20 Conference discussions on green economy and sustainable development.
The Strategic Plan for Tourism 2017-2022 prepared by the Standing Committee on Tourism Promotion, with coordination by the Directorate General of Tourism of the Ministry of Heritage, Cultural Activities and Tourism - MiBACT, offers the opportunity to implement in full the strategy of providing Italy with a unified vision of tourism and culture, thus satisfying the need to focus the country’s development policies on tourism.
This document provides a guide for local government units to assess their potential for tourism development. It discusses the benefits of tourism, including economic benefits like job creation and revenue generation, as well as social benefits. It outlines several tourism subsectors such as ecotourism, medical tourism, meetings and conventions tourism, and cultural heritage tourism. For each subsector, it defines the concept, identifies requirements and components, and provides recommendations for development. The overall aim is to help local governments understand tourism and determine their competitive advantages to enhance local economic development through this industry.
This document provides guidelines for setting up an effective evaluation process of local development strategies in Hungary. It discusses the importance of evaluation in the policymaking process and how monitoring and evaluation can work together as part of an information reporting system. The document outlines key aspects of evaluation including defining evaluation, its role in evidence-based policymaking, how to set up an effective evaluation process organizationally and procedurally, evaluation methods and techniques, reporting progress, and implementation recommendations. It also includes annexes on learning from international practices, the use of indicators, and references for further reading.
Directory of DCFTA-related support programmes and projectsDCFTAProject_2014
„Compendiul programelor și proiectelor de sprijin în implementarea DCFTA în Republica Moldova” a fost conceput pentru a sprijini procesul de implementare DCFTA și pentru o mai bună coordonare a donatorilor. Compendiul poate fi folosit și ca un instrument util pentru a maximiza sinergiile și complementaritățile între donatori și minimiza în timp zonele de suprapunere a domeniilor acoperite de DCFTA.
The document is a 20-page executive summary of the Médine Master Plan 2005-2025. It outlines key concepts like integrated development, sustainable development and social integration that guided the plan. It summarizes the plan's proposals for residential, economic, educational, health and cultural infrastructure over three phases from 2005-2025. The plan aims to transition the area from an agriculture-based economy to a more diversified one centered around tourism, industry and services, while promoting social inclusion.
The document outlines a campaign plan for the Samaritan Foundation to recruit new foster carers. It includes a situation analysis, objectives, target audiences, and proposed strategies. The campaign will use various tactics like presentations, social media, flyers, an online quiz and event over 4 months to recruit 16 new foster carers in the Newcastle and Mudgee regions of New South Wales. The plan provides details on implementation, contingencies, evaluation and a $3,000 budget.
2011-07-06 Report on investment policy and activitiesVasilije Ćetković
This document analyzes investment policies, activities, and opportunities in tourism in Serbia. It examines public spending on tourism and promotion of tourism investments. It also explores privatization and profiles investors and current projects. Key findings include: 1) Public funds have supported tourism infrastructure and SME development but data is limited. 2) Privatization has attracted some domestic and foreign investors to hotels. 3) Major projects are underway across clusters, led by domestic and regional companies, but some face delays. Recommendations focus on improving data collection and promoting public-private partnerships.
Overview of Social Farming and Rural Development
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING IN INDIAN TOURISM SECTOR WITH RESPECT TO AGA...Koushik Sarkar
This document discusses the impact of social media marketing on the tourism sector in India, specifically in Agartala, Tripura. It begins with an abstract that provides context on tourism's economic contribution in India and the role of social media. It then discusses the objectives, methodology and analysis of survey responses on how social media influences travel decisions and the tourism industry. The findings, conclusion and recommendations are aimed at understanding how the tourism sector can better utilize social media.
Report on the International Status of Open Source Software 2010CENATIC
Within the framework of CENATIC's regular publications for the dissemination and promotion of open source software in Spain, we present this report,
"The International Status of Open Source Software," which offers an overview of the open source software situation in different geographical areas
around the world.
The objective of this report is to understand the role played by open source software in the Information and Communications Technologies sector around
the world, and to highlight its economic and social impact, on both advanced economies and emerging countries, by analysing the ecosystems that
foster the development of open source software: the Public sector, the Private sector, Universities and Communities of Developers.
The document is the 2016 report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on tourism trends and policies. It analyzes recent trends in international tourist arrivals and the tourism economy. The report also examines important policy issues for governments such as governance, strategic development, competitiveness, transport connectivity, and the sharing economy's impact on the tourism sector.
The document provides an integrated marketing plan for IMT Ghaziabad to increase its visibility and enhance its reputation. It outlines goals and strategies to build the brand's reputation through broad messaging to internal and external audiences. It also aims to increase enrollment through targeted marketing. The plan proposes initiatives across various marketing channels including the website, surveys, advertising, email marketing, events, and calling. It provides objectives, target audiences, branding guidelines, and metrics for evaluation for each proposed initiative.
Aurora Dental Group Integrated Marketing CampaignMaureen Lepke
This document presents an integrated marketing communications plan for Aurora Dental Group to increase brand awareness and revenue in Aurora, Illinois. It analyzes the target market and competition. Key recommendations include increasing sponsorship of local high school and park district teams to promote the brand through uniforms and equipment. The plan outlines objectives, budgets, and strategies for advertising, promotions, and branding including developing a new tagline and logo. It aims to establish Aurora Dental Group as the top choice for dental care in the Aurora community.
This document provides a summary of a performance management guide for municipalities published by the UNDP. The guide aims to help municipalities establish performance monitoring systems to improve services for citizens. It outlines 8 steps for instituting a performance management framework, including organizing efforts, identifying outcomes and indicators, collecting and analyzing data, reporting results, setting targets, using information to improve services, and building capacity. The guide emphasizes measuring service outcomes and quality of life for citizens. It also discusses linking local performance measures to national goals like the Millennium Development Goals.
National Integrated Strategic Plan (NISP) - ArubaEdward Erasmus
This document presents Aruba's National Integrated Strategic Plan (NISP) for 2025. It was developed through a participatory process called "Nos Aruba 2025" involving citizens, stakeholders, and government.
The vision for 2025 is for Aruba to be "a multicultural community that lives in harmony, with a high quality of life, working together with genuine desires to create a developed Aruba in a sustainable way for future generations."
Twelve development priorities were identified across social, economic, environmental, and political areas. Strategies and actions were developed through 12 commissions.
Five prerequisites for success were identified: increasing education levels, implementing good governance, fostering a mindset
Strategic Marketing Plan Yukon Tourism. Very interesting studycase if you compare the last marketing plan focus. Now, leads and consumer attraction are the key factor. Recommended for DMO Planners, Marketing Strategists and Tourism Teachers. #TourismEngineering
This document provides a territorial mapping of actors and interventions for the implementation of Regional Development Agencies in Huánuco, Peru. It includes an analysis of Huánuco's economic indicators, identification and classification of strategic actors, analysis of opportunities and limitations in key sectors like agriculture, tourism and mining. It also analyzes public and private plans and investments and provides recommendations. The mapping identifies regional government, municipalities, private sector and civil society as key actors and outlines opportunities in crops like coffee, cacao and quinoa to strengthen local value chains.
ОБРАЗОВНЕ ФИЛМОВЕ поставити на Јутјуб најкасније до 01.марта 2014.
КРЕАТИВНЕ РАДИОНИЦЕ послати у форми ППТ на имејл decjivaskrsnjisabor10@gmail.com најкасније до 01.марта 2014
1. Volume II: Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism
Development in Serbia
Contents 1. Strategy Serbia
2. Strategy Appendix
2. Volume II: Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
The development of the National Rural Tourism Master Plan is one of the key components of
the Sustainable Tourism for Rural Development UN Joint Programme (JP), which works
towards the diversification of the rural economy in Serbia.
Other key activities include a) providing guidance for public investment, which is aimed at
creating national and international partnerships between public, civil and national sector
organizations, b) strengthening the capacities of rural tourism entrepreneurs, tourism
organizations and NGOs, and c) supporting local projects through the Joint UN Fund for
Sustainable Rural Tourism. The UN JP activities are implemented in four target regions, namely
South Banat on the Danube, East Serbia, Central Serbia and Lower Danube.
Five UN agencies, including UNWTO, FAO, UNDP, UNEP and UNICEF, in cooperation with a
number of Government of the Republic of Serbia national partners, namely the Ministry of
Economy and Regional Development, the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water
Management, and the National Tourism Organization of Serbia are implementing the Joint
Programme.
The Spanish Millennium Development Goals Achievement Fund (MDG-F) is providing 4 million
USD for the implementation of the UN JP, which started in December 2009 and will last until
June 2012.
This report was prepared by the UNWTO with the collaboration of the consulting company,
Tourism & Leisure Advisory Services, and its local partners.
-2-
3. STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT IN SERBIA
UN Joint Programme „Sustainable Tourism for Rural Development‟ funded by
the Spanish MDG Achievement Fund
Strategy Report
19 April 2011
4. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Index
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ - 4 -
2 Vision and objectives ............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -
2.1 Vision for the Rural Tourism Master Plan ....................................................................................................................... - 7 -
2.2 Objectives of the Rural Tourism Master Plan.................................................................................................................. - 8 -
2.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDG)........................................................................................................................... - 8 -
2.4 EU accession goals....................................................................................................................................................... - 10 -
2.5 Serbian Tourism Goals ................................................................................................................................................. - 10 -
2.6 Rural Tourism Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... - 12 -
3 Rural Tourism Positioning.................................................................................................................................... - 17 -
3.1 Rural Tourism positioning strategy................................................................................................................................ - 17 -
3.2 Rural Tourism symbols ................................................................................................................................................. - 19 -
3.3 Rural Tourism attributes ................................................................................................................................................ - 20 -
3.4 The challenge of differentiation ..................................................................................................................................... - 20 -
4 Rural Tourism Cluster development strategy....................................................................................................... - 22 -
4.1 Methodology.................................................................................................................................................................. - 22 -
4.2 Strategy for Rural Tourism Clusters development ........................................................................................................ - 24 -
4.3 Strategy for Rural Tourism Clusters prioritisation ......................................................................................................... - 26 -
5 Rural Tourism Experience development strategy ................................................................................................ - 30 -
5.1 Rural Tourism Experience strategy ............................................................................................................................... - 30 -
5.2 Rural Activities (products) general strategy .................................................................................................................. - 31 -
5.3 Rural Tourism Clusters (RTC) and Rural Activities (products) strategy ........................................................................ - 36 -
5.4 Man-made facilities strategy ......................................................................................................................................... - 43 -
5.5 Rural Accommodation strategy ..................................................................................................................................... - 45 -
5.6 Agriculture sector strategy within the rural tourism sector ............................................................................................ - 49 -
5.7 Special programme for villages and farms in Serbia..................................................................................................... - 50 -
5.8 Special programme for school and children / youth tourism ......................................................................................... - 50 -
6 Market development, Promotions and Commercial strategy ............................................................................... - 53 -
6.1 Market development strategy ........................................................................................................................................ - 53 -
6.2 Rural Tourism Branding Strategy .................................................................................................................................. - 60 -
6.3 Online marketing strategy ............................................................................................................................................. - 61 -
6.4 Sales and commercialization strategy........................................................................................................................... - 61 -
6.5 Communication and promotion strategy ....................................................................................................................... - 61 -
6.6 Institutional destination organization strategy ............................................................................................................... - 62 -
7 Economic Rural Tourism strategy ........................................................................................................................ - 63 -
7.1 Methodology.................................................................................................................................................................. - 63 -
7.2 Conclusions................................................................................................................................................................... - 64 -
7.3 Tourism and rural tourism projection models ................................................................................................................ - 66 -
8 Environmental and Social strategy ...................................................................................................................... - 69 -
8.1 Environmental strategy ................................................................................................................................................. - 69 -
8.2 Social strategy............................................................................................................................................................... - 72 -
9 Tourism Support development strategy ............................................................................................................... - 74 -
9.1 Infrastructure development strategy.............................................................................................................................. - 74 -
9.2 Quality development strategy........................................................................................................................................ - 76 -
9.3 Human Resources development strategy ..................................................................................................................... - 79 -
9.4 Private sector development: Micro & Small Enterprises ............................................................................................... - 85 -
9.5 Financial support ........................................................................................................................................................... - 87 -
9.6 Legislative support ........................................................................................................................................................ - 89 -
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5. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
10 Organisation framework....................................................................................................................................... - 91 -
10.1 Local, regional, national, trans-national levels .............................................................................................................. - 91 -
10.2 Tourism strategy governance........................................................................................................................................ - 93 -
10.3 Tourism strategy implementation ................................................................................................................................ - 103 -
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6. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
1 Introduction
The objective of this report, Strategy for Rural Tourism in Serbia, is to present the initial strategy for
the development of Rural Tourism in Serbia. The strategy is developed based on the keys findings
from the Diagnostic Report, which found that Rural Tourism has a critical role to play in the
development of tourism in Serbia. Furthermore, it found that Rural Tourism can play a leading role
in the diversification of the rural economy and as a mechanism to reduce poverty, improve the
quality of life, preserve cultural heritage and protect the environment. The role of the agricultural
sector is particularly important in the development of Rural Tourism.
The strategy for the development of Rural Tourism in Serbia fits within the larger framework of the
development of tourism in Serbia. It has an extremely important role to play as it represents a great
opportunity for the further development of tourism and the creation of a strong Rural Tourism
destination in Serbia.
The objective of this report is to present the main strategies proposed for the development of Rural
Tourism in Serbia. It is important to reflect on the key findings of the Diagnostic Report, which have
identified the high potential for the development of Rural Tourism in Serbia, as well as identifying
the current gaps in creating social-, economic- and environmental value for Serbia. These key
findings have been included in the first chapter of this report.
It is important to highlight the key role which Rural Tourism can play in supporting the Millennium
Development Goals, EU accession goals, the sustainable development of rural areas of Serbia as
well as the overall Serbian tourism goals. The second chapter of the report defines the Vision and
Objectives of the Rural Tourism strategy and highlights the role which Rural Tourism should play in
meeting the wider objectives for Serbia.
The third chapter defines the Rural Tourism positioning for Serbia. This is followed by the fourth
chapter which defines the territorial strategy for the development of Rural Tourism as well as the
prioritisation strategy.
The fifth chapter defines the strategy for the development of the Rural Tourism experience in
Serbia. The strategy is comprised of a holistic perspective of Rural Tourism which incorporates the
rural activities and rural accommodation strategies. The sixth chapter defines the economic
strategy and estimates the economic value of the development of Rural Tourism. The seventh
chapter defines the environmental and social strategy.
The eighth chapter defines the market development strategy, as well as the promotions and
commercialisation strategies. The ninth chapter defines the tourism support strategy, which is
followed by the final chapter, the organisational framework strategy.
The preliminary Strategy report is the third deliverable of the project, and will be followed by Phase
III: the Rural Tourism Action Plan.
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7. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
1.1 Key conclusions from Diagnostic Report
The key conclusions of the Diagnostic Report show that there are strong opportunities for the
development of Rural Tourism in Serbia. However, it found that there are weaknesses which need
to be addressed as a high priority. The main conclusions from the Diagnostic Report are as
follows:
Most of the Serbian territory is rural with a large and diversified number of nature and culture-
based assets, spread out throughout the country. These resources are highly attractive for the
development of a holistic Rural Tourism experience. Furthermore, the majority of these
resources have not been developed for Rural Tourism although they have high potential for
development.
The Rural Tourism concept is an integrated rural experience based on the interaction of rural
activities and rural accommodation. Rural Tourism is highly correlated with many different
products which are already developed by TOS. The Serbian rural values and symbols are
already highlighted by the “Village life” product of TOS and other products such as Nature and
Earth Tourism and Cultural Tourism. Rural Tourism can support the further development of
these products and can further enhance them.
Rural Tourism has already been developed in some areas of Serbia. Most important areas are
Western Serbia, Vojvodina and Central Serbia.
Rural Tourism has a key role to play in the protection and enhancement of the natural
environment of Serbia. The natural environment is one of Serbia´s strongest resources and it
should be protected.
Furthermore, Rural Tourism is already playing an important role in rural Serbia and is
generating a significant level of income. Rural Tourism is an emerging reality in Serbia
supported by the more than 32,000 beds (registered and non-registered) in rural areas1, from
which 10,000 beds are exclusively rural. It is estimated that these total beds are generating
yearly more than 5 billion RSD of accommodation incomes and contributes approximately 5
billion RSD more direct incomes for the tourism sector.
These more than 10 billion RSD incomes do not take into account visitors that do not stay
at least for one night or stay with friends or relatives, although they also spend money in
tourism services and others and therefore generate additional incomes for the rural areas.
The 10 billion figure do not either account for the indirect contribution to the local economy
in terms of incomes and employment.
Just for the purpose of giving an order of magnitude, these estimated total 10 billion RSD
incomes would represent 16% of the Direct Travel and Tourism GDP calculated by WTTC
(World Tourism and Travel Council) in Serbia for 2010 which sums up 62.4 billion RSD.
In terms of the Rural Tourism Sector, besides these figures, it is clear that there are many gaps
in most units, such as tourism assets, leisure and entertainment activities, restaurants,
handicrafts, agricultural products used directly or indirectly by the tourism sector, etc. From a
positive point of view, these gaps represent opportunities that can be taken to generate
businesses, especially micro and medium enterprises, as well as employment.
Rural Tourism can play a key role in Serbia in terms of diversifying the rural economy, thereby,
creating employment opportunities which will generate additional incomes for rural households,
reduce unemployment (specifically among women and young people) and can help to maintain
or repopulate villages. Furthermore, the development of Rural Tourism will empower small
1
Refer to the Diagnostic Report for full details on calculations
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8. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
scale farmers by giving them the possibility to directly offer their high quality products to the
tourists. It is expected that Rural Tourism will also play a significant role in the preservation of
traditional farming practices
There is, therefore, an opportunity to use Rural Tourism as a support to the general tourism
development is Serbia. However, there are also many gaps and barriers that need to be addressed
and removed, among others the following major ones identified in the Diagnostic Report:
Road infrastructure in rural areas and particularly between rural tourism resources need to be
improved.
Need for structured Rural Tourism experiences which include activities, accommodation and
man-made facilities.
High seasonality issues that are affecting the use of rural areas and the occupancy of tourism
accommodation which is extremely low (average 4% yearly occupancy for rural units and 21%
for other accommodation units).
Lack of international standards and quality guarantees throughout the Tourism Sector,
especially accommodation facilities.
Human resource awareness and development in order to understand and use the opportunities
provided by rural tourism in a sustainable way.
Organization between the national, regional and local stakeholders (public and private sectors,
civil society) in order to manage rural tourism development in an efficient and sustainable way.
Lack of standardized traditional food products and quantity of such products.
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9. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
2 Vision and objectives
The objectives of this chapter are as follows:
To define the vision of development of the Rural Tourism Master Plan of Serbia
To define the strategic objectives of the Rural Tourism Master Plan and to define the role that
the Plan should play in supporting other strategic objectives of Serbia
2.1 Vision for the Rural Tourism Master Plan
The overall vision of Rural Tourism master plan of Serbia is to develop a master plan for socially,
economically and environmentally sustainable rural tourism. It should be emphasised that the
vision of sustainable Rural Tourism is a balance of economic sustainability, socio-cultural
sustainability and environmental sustainability. Without the interaction and balance of these three
components, the benefits of rural tourism will be limited. Furthermore, Serbian rural tourism relies
on a large and diversified number of nature and culture based assets which need to be conserved,
sustainably used and further enhanced through tourism development. Sustainable rural tourism
generates local income and integrates local communities with a view to improving livelihoods and
reducing poverty; conserves natural and cultural assets such as biodiversity, cultural heritage and
traditional values; supports intercultural understanding and tolerance, aspires to be more energy
efficient and climate sound; avoids over consumption of water; and minimises waste.
Economic Socio-cultural
siness plan basé sur le cycle de vie et sustainability sustainability
coûts et bénéfices à long terme
Priorité 3
eur ajoutée, marketing des pratiques durables Rural
our économique vs. investissement en capital Tourism
ûts d’exploitation et d’entretien
Environmental
sustainability
To lead the differentiation of Serbia against its competitors and for it to become one of the
leading destinations Rural Tourism in the Balkans.
To develop a rural tourism plan which supports the overall tourism objectives of Serbia and
plays a leading role in supporting the MoERD in achieving these objectives
To support Serbia´s objectives for EU accession
To support the objectives of Serbia´s Millennium Development Goals
To contribute to sustainable rural development of Serbia
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10. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
2.2 Objectives of the Rural Tourism Master Plan
The objectives of the Rural Tourism Master Plan are made up different layers which are
complementary and provide a detailed set of multiple objectives for the master plan. The main
objectives are summarised in the below diagram:
Rural
Tourism
Goals
Serbian Tourism Goals
EU accession goals
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
2.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
The UN MDG Declaration states that tourism has a significant potential to directly support and
stimulate local economic development of rural based tourism. The development of rural based
tourism in Serbia is particularly important given the challenges of unemployment, depopulation and
the need to diversify the agricultural economy, which have been highlighted in the Diagnostic
Report. The objective of the Rural Tourism Plan for Serbia, therefore, is to support the MoERD, the
MAFWM and the United Nations in achieving the Millennium Development Goals for Serbia.
Specifically, the Rural Tourism Master Plan should support the MDG goals as follows:
2.3.1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (MDG 1)
The goals of the Rural Tourism Master Plan of Serbia are to contribute to MDG1 in the following
way:
Create employment opportunities by the stimulation of the rural tourism sector.
Support and activate the participation of women and young in rural areas in the tourism sector,
thereby, creating employment and contributing to the reduction of unemployment. The role of
women in the production of hand crafts and maintaining local tradition should be supported and
encouraged.
Tourism awareness and training will also be needed within the strategic framework of the rural
development master plan in order to show opportunities and to provide skills for unemployed
people to enter the tourism market.
2.3.2 Ensure environmental sustainability (MDG 7)
The goals of the Rural Tourism Master Plan of Serbia are to contribute to MDG7 in the following
way:
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11. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Sustainable development principles should be included in the rural tourism master plan to
ensure that the development of rural tourism protects natural resources and prevents their
deterioration.
Furthermore, the plan should encourage the revitalising of natural and cultural assets which are
not being used to benefit the rural communities.
The principles of sustainability should always be the key principle which underlies the
development of any tourism activity related to rural tourism.
Where possible, the rural tourism master plan should aim to identify ways in which energy can
be used in an efficient way.
2.3.3 Develop Global Partnership for Development (MDG 8)
The goals of the Rural Tourism Master Plan of Serbia are to contribute to MDG8 in the following
way:
It should encourage sustainable economic growth and the diversification of the economy in
rural areas.
It should support the investment in human resource development and the development of
human capacity in the rural tourism sector.
It should create co-operation structures and mechanisms between the public and the private
sectors, as well as the civil society, with special emphasis at the regional and local levels, in
order to build long term governance self capacity. Co-operation should also contemplate other
dimensions such as between municipalities and regions of Serbia, as well as with other
neighbouring countries.
The below table summarises the National Development Goal targets addressed by the Joint
Programme (JP):
2
MDG targets addressed by JP
MDG 1. Eradicate 1.1. Reduce unemployment rate of young by at least one third
Extreme Poverty and 1.2. Reduce unemployment rate of persons with disabilities by at least 20%
Hunger 1.3. Reduce unemployment rate of women by over 45%
7.1. Integrate sustainable development principles in national documents,
stop the loss of natural resources and encourage their revitalisation
MDG 7. Ensure
7.2. Adopt and implement national programmes, strategies and laws
Environmental
governing sustainable development and environmental protection in
Sustainability
Republic of Serbia by 2015.
7.5. Increase energy efficiency and usage of renewable energy
8.1. Dynamic and sustainable GDP growth based on assumptions
MDG 8. Develop a Global established by the National Investment Plan the Strategy of Promotion and
Partnership for Development of Foreign Investments and the Strategy for Economic
Development Development until 2012.
8.3.Increase Investments in human resources development by 70%
2
Source: UNWTO Concept Note, 2010
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12. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
2.4 EU accession goals
The goals of the Joint Programme (JP) are to support the government is Serbia´s accession to the
EU. Specifically the JP will support the accession by promoting a strategic approach to the
sustainable tourism development at a national level 3:
2.4.1 National Tourism Master Plan
The goal is to develop a National Rural Tourism Master Plan which will bring together public-
private and civil society stakeholders to create a plan that addresses the needs of rural tourism
stakeholders, aligning them with the tourist demand and consumers in a national approach. The
Master Plan will be an opportunity to show the EU how the multiple stakeholders at a national level
can collaborate in Serbia with the objectives of creating economic-,social and environmental value.
2.4.2 National Programme for Rural Development
The goal is to support the rural planning initiatives to diversify the rural economy, strengthen social
capital and environmental protection. The JP will facilitate Serbia´s access to the European
Commission funding for environmental action, rural economy diversification and local partnership
development, with the aim of reducing poverty in rural areas in a sustainable manner.
2.4.3 Investment mainstreaming
The goal is to facilitate the initiatives targeting national and international partnerships of public,
private and civil society. The lessons learned from the pilot projects as part of the JP should be
used to guide public investments in sustainable rural development. It should also support Serbia in
future applications for funding.
Furthermore, Serbia´s accession to the EU will give it the opportunity to access special funds for
the development of rural areas. For example, the ERDF: European Regional Development Fund,
which aims to support economic development in the European Regions, inclusive of and
especially in rural areas.
2.5 Serbian Tourism Goals
The goals for Rural Tourism development in Serbia fit within the overall goals for Serbian Tourism.
The Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia (2007) defines specific Serbian
tourism goals and the Rural Tourism Master Plan will play an important role in supporting these
objectives through the development of Rural Tourism. Specifically, Rural Tourism will support the
Serbian Tourism goals in the following ways:
2.5.1 Economic support
The goal for tourism in Serbia is to encourage economic growth and to increase total income from
the tourism sector4. Different Master Plans have been commissioned and are being adopted
3
Ibid
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13. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
throughout the Serbian territory in order to consolidate this trend. The further development of all
the units that made up the Tourism Sector can result in a further economic development. The
objective is that Rural Tourism will contribute to the economic development of Serbia through the
development of economic opportunities in rural areas. In particular, the stimulation and
diversification of the agricultural sector will support these objectives. Furthermore, the Rural
Tourism Master Plan should support economic development by addressing the gaps in the rural
Tourism Sector. It is estimated that Rural Tourism already contributes 5.2 billion RSD of
accommodation incomes and an estimated total 10.4 billion RSD of direct economic contribution to
Serbia5.
2.5.2 Facilities and infrastructure development
The goal for Serbia is to increase the utilization of existing accommodation facilities by improving
the overall capacity6. Additionally, the goal is the development of adequate infrastructure and
facilities for tourism products which require long term investments. Above all these include
mountain tourism and special interest7. The product development strategy for Rural Tourism will
aim to further stimulate and encourage the demand for rural facilities and accommodation. The
development of infrastructures, particularly rural roads, is important for the development of Rural
Tourism. Furthermore, the development of Rural Tourism will require investment in man-made
facilities in rural areas.
2.5.3 Increase in tourist arrivals and revenues
The goal for Serbia is to increase the number of tourist arrivals and overnights by 2015 8 at least at
a compound annual growth rate least of 3%. The definition of the positioning of tourism in Serbia
will be key in attracting increased domestic and international tourists to Serbia. The development of
the Rural Tourism products will aim to stimulate increased interest in discovering rural Serbia and
will encourage increased tourist arrivals and overnights, as well as stimulating increased revenues.
2.5.4 Increase employment in sector
The goal for Serbia is to increase direct employment in the tourism sector9. The development of job
opportunities in the tourism sector and support for skills development and training will aim to
increase employment in the sector. Specifically, the development of Rural Tourism should play a
key role in the creation of new employment opportunities in rural areas.
2.5.5 International standards guarantee
The goal for Serbia is to increase security and application of international quality standards and
tourist consumer protection according to European business practice in order to attract foreign
tourists10. The development of Rural Tourism in Serbia can support the overall development of
international standards in tourism. The introduction of minimum standards and quality guarantees
4
The Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, 2007
5
The details of the calculations of the economic impact of Rural Tourism in Serbia can be found in a
separate chapter, Economic Rural Tourism Strategy, in this report.
6
The Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, 2007, states that the objective is to increase
tourism capacity to 150.000 beds by 2015.
7
The Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, 2007
8
Ibid
9
The Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, 2007, states that the objective is to increase
direct employment in the tourism sector to 100.000 workers.
10
The Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, 2007,
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14. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
in rural areas will help to give tourists and visitors more security in terms of expected levels of
service and products.
2.6 Rural Tourism Goals
The following objectives are specifically defined for Rural Tourism. These are within the context of
the other objectives that have been outlined in the above sections of this chapter.
Serbian Rural Tourism positioning goals
The objective is to develop a strategy which defines the
USPs for Rural Tourism in terms of multiple components and
multiple aspects. These are driven mainly by rural activities
Define and develop the multi- and rural accommodation; while at the same time consider
layered Unique Selling the tangible and intangible factors that define the rural
Propositions (USPs) for Rural destination of Serbia.
Tourism in Serbia The development of the integrated and multiple USPs should
always strive to develop and enhance a truly Serbian
character of the Rural Tourism experience.
The objective is to create a competitive positioning of Rural
Tourism in Serbia by having a holistic strategy for the
development of Rural Tourism experiences (integration of
rural activities and rural accommodation)
The objective is to build on the natural and cultural strength
of Serbia by developing rural activities and at the same time,
develop the supporting structures needed to make Serbia
competitive.
Create a highly competitive This objective needs to take into account the position and
positioning of Rural Tourism in relationship of rural tourism with regards to other tourism
Serbia products of Serbia and also to consider the competitive
positioning with regards to other neighbouring countries.
In the short and mid-term the objective is to further
differentiate from Romania and Bulgaria, especially through
a focus on accommodation and creating options which
integrate activities and accommodation.
At the same time the objective is to have comparable
advantaged with regards to Hungary and the Czech Republic
and to surpass their competitiveness.
Serbian Rural Tourism Experience (product) goals
The objective is to create a uniquely Serbian Rural Tourism
Develop a competitive and experience through the integration of rural activities and rural
unique Serbian Rural Tourism accommodation.
Experience The aim is to develop the special Serbian elements of the
offer so that it is uniquely Serbian.
Leverage the products which are already associated with
Leverage products which are rural tourism to further develop the rural tourism offer
already developed in rural Serbia In parallel, these products should always be developed with
a strong Serbian context.
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15. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Develop tourism activities in rural areas which are combined
Combine activities and with accommodation in rural areas, to provide an integrated
accommodation in rural areas rural tourism experience with a strong Serbian character and
with a strong Serbian character context, whenever possible.
The objective is to create packages of experiences which
give the visitor an integrated and varied experience of rural
Develop integrated leisure and Serbia.
entertainment offers which are The aim is to create organized activities which are attractive
intrinsically Serbian in character to different segments by making use of tourism assets but
also creating man-made attractions and activities
The objective is to further develop the attractiveness of
existing man-made resources by improvements in the level
of quality and services. Thereby increasing the footfall and
revenues.
The man-made facilities should – as much as possible -
Develop man- made facilities reflect Serbian value and should further enhance the
with a Serbian character positioning of Rural Serbia.
The number of man-made attractors should be increased
and is a tool for the dispersion and diversification of the
leisure and tourism offer in rural Serbia. This is particularly
important in areas with lower natural and cultural
attractiveness.
The objective is to increase the number of beds for rural use
(this includes rural households and general tourism beds
11
usable for rural tourism .
The accommodation facilities should reflect a truly Serbian
Improve rural accommodation character (which may be expressed in terms of tradition or
capacity and character modern Serbia).
The general tourism beds usable for rural tourism should
increase to 39,287 in 2013, 42,574 in 2015 and 47,653 in
12
2020 .
Rural Tourism Quality goals
Ensure that the quality level meets minimum international
standards and provides a quality guarantee.
The objective is to improve the rural accommodation offer by
Standardise the level of quality in ensuring more consistent quality of international standards.
rural tourism and differentiate
The rural accommodation typologies should be further
through quality labels
standardised and defined to allow the development of an
authentic and varied Serbian rural tourism accommodation
offer.
Rural Tourism Economic and tourism demand goals
The objective is increase the number of rural overnights from
Increase the demand for 2.7 million to 4 million in 2013, 4.8 million in 2015 and 7.4
overnights million in 2020.
13
Increase accommodation revenue from 5.2 bn RSD to 6.3
Increase revenues from rural bn RSD in 2013, to 8.2 bn RSD in 2015 and 14 bn RSD in
tourism activities 2020.
11
The Diagnostic Report refers the rural accommodation supply as rural households and hotels and other
accommodation (which are close to rural areas and can, therefore, be used by rural tourists).
12
Please refer to Rural Tourism projections model for full details
13
Bn= billion
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16. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Increase the tourism economic direct multiplier from 0.97 to 1
in 2013, to 1.1 in 2015 and 1.6 in 2020
Increase the total economic contribution of rural tourism to
the economy of Serbia from 10.4 bn RSD to16.5 bn RSD in
2013, 22.4 bn RSD in 2015 and 45.5 bn RSD in 2020.
The objective is to increase the occupancy rates of general
Increase occupancy rates of rural tourism from 21% to 24% in 2013, to 26% in 2015 and 30%
accommodation in 2020 and rural tourism occupancy rates from 4% to 12% in
2013, to 17% in 2015 and 30% in 2020
The objective is to increase the number of day visitors,
especially from international regional markets.
Increase focus on day visitors The objective is to increase day visitors from 1.2 million to
1.9 million in 2013, to 2.4 million in 2015 and 3.9 million in
2020.
Rural Tourism Social sustainability goals
The objective is to use the wealth of natural, cultural and
social resources in rural Serbia to further diversify the rural
Diversify the rural economy and economy by creating new rural employment opportunities.
reduce unemployment in rural The goal is to engage local rural communities in tourism and,
areas thereby, reduce unemployment and depopulation in rural
areas.
The objective is to develop local markets in order to ease the
access to market of local agricultural products, food and non-
food products processed locally and in particular those
Support sustainable small scale deriving from small scale farming. Small scale farmers
farming initiatives of high natural represent a key element for conservation of rural traditions,
and cultural value and further culture and landscapes; and high value nature farming
develop local markets practices. Small scale production of high quality products
processed traditionally or locally have no chance to compete
with conventional products in open markets
The objective is to further develop the natural and intrinsic
values of women and other disadvantaged groups in rural
Serbia as part of the authentic rural tourism experience.
Activate the participation of The goal is to further develop local handcrafts and traditional
women and disadvantaged methods of production (foods, drinks, clothes, carpets) and
groups in rural tourism to develop these as a source of income for rural
communities, while at the same time creating a unique
tourism experience for the visitor.
The objective is to revitalise the use of rural schools and to
bring children back to schools which are suffering from a lack
Revitalise rural schools14 of students. The development of Rural Tourism should
encourage the use of rural schools to stimulate active and
outdoor learning for groups of children and youth.
Rural Tourism Environmental sustainability goals
The objective is to further protect and enhance the natural
Preserve and manage natural and cultural assets in rural Serbia and to provide
and cultural assets and development solutions to protect these from degradation and
landscapes in a high rural sources of pollution. The preservation and enhancement of
environmental quality by the environmental quality is a key-factor for the sustainable
minimising environmental risks usage of Rural Tourism as economic driver in rural areas of
Serbia
14
Objective supported by UNICEF
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17. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Reduction of GHG emission – The aim is to sell agricultural products close to the place of
cutting carbon footprint production, thus avoiding transportation for longer distances
Develop infrastructure in rural The aim is to develop renewable energy sources in rural
areas which supports sustainable Serbia which will be closely linked with the development of
life styles rural tourism.
The goal is to involve local communities and stakeholders in
Create social awareness and Rural Tourism and instantly. Use Rural Tourism as a tool to
involve community in educate the communities in environmental concerns and
sustainability initiatives for Rural possibilities to prevent the environmental degradation.
Tourism
Marketing goals
The objective is to create a clear identity and branding for
Serbia as a rural tourism destination.
The brand identity should support the overall positioning of
Clear identity, branding and Rural Tourism in Serbia.
differentiation of Rural Tourism in In the short and mid-term the objective is to further
Serbia differentiate from Romania and Bulgaria. At the same time
the objective is to have comparable advantages with regards
to Hungary and the Czech Republic and to surpass their
competitiveness.
The objective is to create a diverse and original rural tourism
experience which will be attractive to a local, regional and
international market. The aim is to use the proximity to many
international regional markets as a key way of attracting
Diversification of the demand by potential visitors.
geographic region The 2015 objective is for the domestic overnights to make up
80% of total overnights in rural areas, and international
regional and international “rest of the world” should make up
15
20%
The objective is to create rural tourism products in Serbia,
which will combine rural activities with rural accommodation.
Reduce seasonality by creating The use of these activities and accommodation should
experiences which are attractive create a diverse and interesting mix of experiences for the
throughout the year visitor. The goal is that these rural tourism products are
attractive to different markets throughout the year, thereby,
reducing seasonality.
The objective is to improve the marketing of rural tourism in
Improve the marketing and Serbia by the development of the rural tourism marketing
commercialization of rural strategy. The aim is to further leverage the use of new
tourism in Serbia technologies, especially the internet, for both the promotion
and sales of the rural products.
Partnership and governance goals
Develop and Support The objective is to create an entrepreneurial environment
partnerships and cooperation and cooperation between numerous local farmers,
between local farmers, villagers household owners and the tourism sector. Serbian villages
15
Please refer to Projections chapter for full details
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18. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
and tourism sector have a small and diverse agricultural production which needs
to be coordinated to participate in the tourism sector.
Furthermore, rural households are fragmented and many
small farms remain isolated from the tourism sector. The
development of partnerships between local farmers, rural
households and the tourism sector is an important goal for
the diversification of the rural economy.
The objective is to develop and support public-private
Develop and support rural partnerships through the development of partnerships
tourism public-private between small rural stakeholders, local communities, civil
partnerships sector, public services and established businesses (for
example resorts which already exists in rural areas).
The objective is to create a governance structure which
further extends its support for the development of rural
Improvement of Governance and tourism.
institutional capacity to support The aim is for the coordination, reporting structures and
rural tourism funding to have a more integrated and coordinated approach
to rural tourism.
Rural Tourism Human Capacity development goals
The objective is to create awareness for the local population
of what the opportunities are to enter the Rural Tourism
Increase awareness of industry.
employment opportunities in The objective is to create awareness for the general public,
Rural Tourism but also to have a special focus on women, youth and
disadvantages groups.
The objective is to provide the training and skills required to
perform the jobs in Rural Tourism.
Provide training for skills The objective is to provide skills which are transversal across
development different units of the tourism sector, and at the same time to
provide specific skills which are needed in particular units of
the tourism sector.
Provide ongoing support for The objective is to provide ongoing support to the people
Rural Tourism skills development who are employed in Rural Tourism.
The objective is to provide specific training for small
Special programmes for Micro businesses and to address specific training needs for
and Small Enterprises and the governmental institutions
public sector
Infrastructure and other support goals
The objective is to improve the accessibility to the Rural
Tourism sites and between places of interest for tourism.
The objective is to improve the accessibility with motorised
Road infrastructure improvement and non-motorized vehicles of visitors to rural tourism sites
and, thereby, also improve the access to rural areas for local
communities
The objective is to improve the man-made leisure facilities in
Man-made infrastructure rural areas of Serbia
Furthermore, rural tourism signalisation can play an
Improvement of accessibility and important role in facilitating the arrival of tourists to their
signalisation to rural tourism offer destination.
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19. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
3 Rural Tourism Positioning
The competition analysis in the Diagnostic Report, found that there is strong competition in Rural
Tourism, both in terms of rural activities and rural accommodation. Despite the strong natural and
cultural features of rural Serbia, neighbouring countries also offer many of the natural and cultural
activities. However, low differentiation was found in terms of the rural accommodation offer of the
competition. The positioning strategy will propose how Rural Tourism in Serbia should approach
the challenge of differentiation.
The objectives of this chapter are as follows:
To define the Rural Tourism positioning for Serbia
To define the symbols which should be used to support the positioning
To define the attributes of the positioning strategy
To define the differentiation strategy for Serbia
3.1 Rural Tourism positioning strategy
The positioning strategy of Rural Tourism in Serbia should focus on the following:
Create the USPs for Serbia as multi-layered USPs, which combine tangibles, intangibles, rural
activities, and rural accommodation, while at the same time always develop the truly Serbian
character of these aspects.
Create a destination which reflects the authenticity and rural soul of Serbia throughout the
territory.
Create a Rural Tourism destination which is developed on the foundation of environmental,
social and economic sustainability.
Create an integrated and holistic Rural Tourism offer which combines rural activities with rural
accommodation in an innovative an economical-, social and environmental- sustainable way.
Create a highly competitive positioning of Rural Tourism in Serbia by focusing on a holistic
positioning of Rural Tourism which will allow Serbia to become more competitive, especially
with regards to Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.
The positioning statement should invite the tourist and visitor to discover the unspoilt beauty of
rural Serbia, to uncover its cultural heritage and to go on a personal discovery of the heart of the
Serbian people. The positioning statement is, therefore, an invitation to discover and to experience
the heart of rural Serbia. The Rural Tourism positioning should be within the overall positioning of
Serbia as a destination. The positioning proposed by the President of Serbia, Mr. Tadic, is as
follows:
Serbia “Where tradition meets nature16”
16
Slogan from UN day in Serbia and recommendation of the President of Serbia, Mr Tadic. Belgrade, 27
September 2010
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20. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
The Serbia Rural Tourism positioning statement is proposed as follows17:
Discover the soul of Serbia
Look at the green forests and mountains, and blue rivers and
lakes
Listen to her stories of legends
Taste the goodness of the earth
Smell the purity
Feel the heart of rural Serbia and meet her people
The positioning strategy for rural Serbia, should combine the physical elements (hardware) with the
spiritual elements (software) to create an authentic rural tourism positioning with reflects the
essence of the Serbian soul. It is important that these elements are developed in terms of the rural
activities and rural accommodation strategies.
3.1.1 Physical elements
The physical elements include the experiences associated with activities and accommodation. The
rural activities include:
Nature:
Unspoilt natural beauty of rural Serbia
Diversity of nature and landscapes
Proximity of rural Serbia to urban centres in Serbia as well as neighbouring countries like
Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria
International recognition of natural beauty with resources listed as UNESCO Biosphere
Reserves (Golija - Studenica) and Ramsar lists (Labudovo Okno, Gornje Podunavlje,
Peštersko Polje and Slano Kopovo)
Culture
Food and gastronomy of high quality with typically Serbian rural cuisine
Local events and festivals in rural communities
History and rich heritage, including cultural heritage and archaeological sites. Serbia
boasts three cultural sites recognized on the UNESCO World Heritage List
(Archaeological site Felix Romuliana, Studenica Monastery and Stari Ras and Sopocani)
The accommodation includes the physical proximity of the accommodation to the rural
area and the level of physical contact of the guest with the rural household or rural
accommodation. It relates to the level of immersion of the guest in the activities of the
rural household (which can range from high to no involvement).
17
During the national stakeholders workshop (Belgrade, December 1st) a modification on the presented
positioning statement was proposed: “Share the soul of Serbia”.
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21. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
3.1.2 Spiritual elements
The spiritual elements include the emotional experiences associated with activities and
accommodation.
The rural activities intangibles include:
Experiencing the rural lifestyle and slow pace of the countryside
Authentic people and places, experiencing the rural way of life as seen through the eyes
of real people
Friendliness of the rural people and their open heartedness and heartfelt hospitality
The emotional component of the accommodation includes the personal experience of the guest
of the character and warmth of the rural household owner (or other rural accommodation). It
relates to the way in which the guest is made to feel at home and part of the rural household.
3.2 Rural Tourism symbols
Symbols are used as tools to position the destination and are used to create the mental image and
association of the destination. Symbols are used to reinforce, illustrate and make tangible the core
of Rural Tourism. The symbols for rural Serbia should combine rural activities and rural
accommodation.
The strategy for the use of rural symbols for Serbia is as follows:
Serbia Rural Tourism symbols
Rural Activities symbols Rural Accommodation symbols
Nature
Farms
Culture:
rural events +
festivals
Rural gastronomy
+ Traditional villages
Rural architecture
Heritage
Human touch
3
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22. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
The symbols for rural activities include nature and culture symbols. The symbols for rural
accommodation include farms, traditional villages and rural architecture. Finally, human symbols
should be used to reflect the heart of the rural and multicultural Serbian people.
3.3 Rural Tourism attributes
Serbian Rural Tourism positioning should be further supported and made more tangible through a
selection of attributes in order to convey a message of diversity of experiences to the potential
visitor and tourist. Rural Tourism in Serbia can bring a wide array of opportunities to enjoy.
It is comprised of a combination of physical attributes (based on activities and accommodation) as
well as emotional attributes.
Accommodation Activities
Phyiscal Physical
Attributes 3
Priorité Attributes
Rural
Tourism
Attributes
Intangible
Attributes
An example of these attributes is shown below:
Physical attributes through activities includes lakes, mountains, rivers, heritage sites, hunting
and bird watching.
Physical attributes through accommodation includes rural architecture, traditional cottages (e,g.
salas, vajat and brvnare), ethno villages and rural houses.
Intangible attributes include the highly emotional and personal elements such as contact with
the villagers, human contact, friendships, building memories and feeling a part of rural Serbia.
Please refer to the Appendix for the full details of the chapter.
3.4 The challenge of differentiation
The Diagnostic Report found that there is high competition for Rural Tourism in Serbia, especially
from Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Czech Republic18. Despite the relatively high competition
18
Please refer to the Competition Analysis in the Diagnostic Report for full details.
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23. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
levels, Serbia has the opportunity to differentiate its Rural Tourism offer from its competitive
markets by addressing multiple aspects. The key principles for differentiation are as follows:
To follow a holistic approach to Rural Tourism development by combining rural
accommodation with rural activities, to create truly authentic and integrated Rural Tourism
experiences
To always look for ways to develop and reinforce the intangibles and rural lifestyle with
a truly authentic Serbian character by the ongoing involvement of the local
communities. Although authenticity and friendliness can also be found in neighbouring
competitors, it must be developed so that the Serbian intangibles achieve a truly strong
association with the destination. Only the intangibles that are proper to Serbia can be used as
competitive and unique features and they relate fundamentally to “lifestyle”, which needs to be
expressed and illustrated in a very tangible way through symbols (rural events, style,
architecture, design).
To create innovative rural accommodation typologies which supporting the differentiation of
Serbia´s rural accommodation by the development of typically Serbian accommodation in
creative ways and in developing new Serbian typologies.
To create rural man-made tourism facilities which are – as much as possible - intrinsically
Serbian in character, while at the same time meet international standards. Furthermore, to
ensure that international standards are achieved and promoted throughout the Rural Tourism
Sector
To constantly develop and invest in the development of human skills and management
capacity.
To show that the Rural Tourism model in Serbia is driven by economic, social- and
environmental sustainability.
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24. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
4 Rural Tourism Cluster development strategy
The Diagnostic Report found that the natural and cultural resources, which have potential to be
developed for Rural Tourism, are distributed throughout the Serbian territory. The report also
identified the strategic development priorities for tourism in Serbia, particularly through the Tourism
Strategy of Serbia, Tourism Master plans and the products being promoted by TOS. The
Diagnostic also identified key issues which have an impact on the development of Rural Tourism,
which include aspects such as accessibility, hospitality offer and seasonality. The strategy will
define the areas of the territory which should be prioritised for Rural Tourism development.
The objectives of this chapter are as follows:
To define the strategy for the development of geographic areas (called Rural Tourism Clusters)
for Rural Tourism in the territory. In other words, to identify which areas should be developed
as a focus for Rural Tourism throughout the territory.
Given that there are many priority areas that have been identified for development, while at the
same time there are budget considerations, further prioritisation of the Rural Tourism Clusters
are considered. The second objective, therefore, it to define the prioritisation strategy for the
different Rural Tourism Clusters. In other words, to define which of the Rural Tourism Clusters
should be developed in which order.
4.1 Methodology
The methodology used to define the Rural Tourism development strategy is done in two main
steps, as explained below:
Step 1: Define Rural Tourism Clusters development strategy
The first step is the identification of which areas of the territory should be developed for Rural
Tourism and has been completed as follows:
Rural Tourism Clusters (RTC) are developed as a result of taking the most relevant Factors
and Attractors in the territory (as identified in the FAS analysis of the Diagnostic Report19) and
grouping them with Tourism Master20 plans where relevant.
The result is 12 Rural Tourism Clusters which should be developed for Rural Tourism.
The 12 RTC are then grouped further into 4 Rural Tourism Cluster Groups considering the
synergies and proximity of one or several clusters.
The output is the Rural Tourism Clusters grouped into Rural Tourism Cluster Groups.
Please note: The detailed methodology and step by step examples of the mapping are
included in the Appendix.
The 12 Rural Tourism Clusters are then further evaluated in order to prioritise them for
development.
19
Please refer to the Diagnostic Report, Chapter 4: Inventory and assessment of relevant tourism assets and
facilities
20
Source: Master Plan Zlatibor-Zlatar, Master Plan Golija, Master Plan Vlasina, Master Plan Besna Kobila,
Master Plan Lower Danube, Master Plan Stara Planina, Master Plan Kucajske Planine-Belijanica, Master
Plan Kopaonik, Master Plan Upper Danube, Master Plan Sremski Karlovci, Master Plan Novo Milosevo,
Master Plan Soko Banja, Master Plan Tara, Master Plan Roman Emperor´s Route
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25. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Step 2: Prioritisation of Rural Tourism Clusters
The 12 RTC are further prioritised in order to identify which should be developed first. These
categories address the issue of potential return for every Serbian dinar investment in Rural
Tourism development. The methodology identifies 6 aspects (which are ranked from 1 to 3) and
are considered important in determining the level of risk and return of investment in each RTC. The
following criteria have been applied to each RTC in order to define its priority for development
compared to the other RTCs:
Factors and Attractors: considers the concentration of factors and attractors in each RTC and
the potential the RTC has to develop a diversified rural tourism offer
Seasonality: considers whether the RTC could be an all year round tourism destination. The
outputs are driven by the findings from the Spatial Plan for Serbia21.
Accessibility and Infrastructure: considers the ease of access to and within the RTC
Proximity to markets: considers the size of the potential markets in terms of isochrones for
each RTC.
Unemployment: considers the unemployment levels in each RTC considering that high
unemployment rates should be given priority for rural tourism development.
Hospitality: considers the current capacity of the RTC to accommodate rural tourists. This is
evaluated in terms of rural accommodation as well as hotels and other accommodation suitable
for rural tourism.
Experience in rural tourism: considers the experience that each RTC has in terms of
development and management of rural tourism
The output is the 12 Rural Tourism Clusters prioritised in terms of development order.
Please note: The detailed methodology and step by step examples of the mapping are
included in the Appendix.
21
Source: Spatial Plan of Serbia 2010: Destinations with year round offer; dominant summer offer with
participation of Winter supply; dominant summer offer
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26. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
4.2 Strategy for Rural Tourism Clusters development
The first question which the strategy addresses is: Which parts of the Serbian territory should
be prioritised for the development of Rural Tourism? The strategy identifies 12 Rural Tourism
Clusters (RTC) throughout the territory.
The 12 Rural Tourism Clusters should be developed for Rural Tourism in Serbia. The 12 RTCs
have been grouped into 4 Rural Tourism Cluster Groups which will be used in other parts of the
strategy. The below table summarises the 12 RTCs and 4 RTCGs.
Rural Tourism Cluster Development strategy
RTC 1: Golija
RTCG1: Central Serbia and Western RTC 2: Zlatar Zlatibor
Serbia RTC 3: Kopaonik
RTC 4: Central Serbia
RTC 5: Lower Danube
RTCG 2: South Banat and Lower Danube
RTC 6: South Banat
RTC 7: Soko Banja
RTCG 3: Eastern Serbia RTC 8: Eastern Serbia
RTC 9: South Eastern
RTC 10: Fruska Gora
RTCG 4: Vojvodina RTC 11: Upper Danube
RTC 12: Northern
These 12 RTC are the areas of the territory which should be developed for Rural Tourism.
The 12 RTCs are the result of diverse and rich resources (including natural, cultural and other
as detailed in the FAS of the Diagnostic Report) which are highly correlated for the
development of Rural Tourism experiences.
Of the 12 RTCs, 10 have already been identified for development in terms of the Tourism
Master Plans which have already been defined.
The RTCs show a high variety of resources distributed throughout the territory, including
different types of attractors (mainly natural and cultural) as well as natural factors. A relatively
high concentration of attractors and factors in certain areas. However, there is a relatively lower
presence of man-made attractors when compared to the natural and cultural attractors.
If it is allowed by the budget, these 12 RTCs should all be developed.
However, given that the implementation of the Rural Tourism Master plan will have budget
limitations, these 12 RTC´s are further prioritised for investment.
The RTC and RTCGs are represented in the territory on the following map.
Note: Although South Banat belongs to the Autonomous Region of Vojvodina, in terms of tourism
development synergies, it has been proposed to connect it with Lower Danube
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27. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Map of 12 Rural Tourism Clusters (RTC) and 4 Rural Tourism Cluster Groups (RTCG)
Northern
RTCG RTC
4 12
RTC
11
Upper Danube
RTC South Banat
10
RTC
Fruska Gora 6
RTC
5
Lower Danube
Central Serbia
RTCG
2
RTC RTC
4 7 Soko Banja
Eastern Serbia
RTCG
1
RTC
RTC 8
2
RTC
1 RTC
3
Zlatar Zlatibor RTCG
3
Golija RTC
9
Kopaonik
South Eastern
RTCG Rural Tourism Cluster Group
RTC Rural Tourism Cluster
Source: UNWTO
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28. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
4.3 Strategy for Rural Tourism Clusters prioritisation
The second question which the strategy addresses is: Within these prioritised areas of the
Serbian territory, which of the RTCs will provide the best return for the investment of each
Serbian dinar in Rural Tourism? In other words, it identifies which of the RTCs provide the best
opportunities, with the lowest risk, for expanding the value of Rural Tourism.
The RTCs with the best opportunities, while at the same time having the least risk, are RTC1 (
Golija), RTC2 (Zlatar-Zlatibor), RTC3 (Kopaonik), RTC4 (Central Serbia), RTC5 (Lower
Danube), RTC8 (Eastern Serbia), RTC10 (Fruska Gora) and RTC 11 (Upper Danube).
Three of the project target regions, namely RTC4 (Central Serbia), RTC5 (Lower Danube) and
RTC8 (Eastern Serbia) are included in the prioritised RTCs.
RTC6 (South Banat), a project target region, is also included in the prioritised clusters.
Although it has a lower ranking than the other target regions, it forms a natural continuation of
RTC5 (Lower Danube) and can, therefore, contribute as part of this area for the development
of Rural Tourism.
The below table shows the summary of the prioritisation of the RTCs.
Unemployment
Accessibility /
Experience in
Infrastructure
Prioritisation
Proximity to
Seasonality
Rural
Tourism Hospitality
markets
Rural Tourism Cluster
tourism
Cluster
Total
Group
FAS
RTC 1 (Golija) 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 10 1
RTC 2 (Zlatar Zlatibor) 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 2
RTCG 1
RTC 3 (Kopaonik) 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 11 2
RTC 4 (Central Serbia) 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 12 3
RTC 5 (Lower Danube) 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 12 3
RTCG 2
RTC 6 (South Banat) 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 15 6
RTC 7 (Soko Banja) 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 15 6
RTCG 3 RTC 8 (Eastern Serbia) 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 13 4
RTC 9 (South Eastern) 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 17 8
RTC 10 (Fruska Gora) 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 11 2
RTCG 4 RTC 11 (Upper Danube) 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 13 4
RTC 12 (Northern) 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 14 5
The below table explains the ratings.
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29. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Accessibility / Proximity to Unemploy- Experience
Rating FAS Seasonality Hospitality
Infrastructure markets ment in tourism
High volume
High High volume of general
Good
concentration of proximity accommodati Long
accessibility to
of factors and potential Above 25% on and experience in
All year round the cluster, and
1 attractors and tourists and of unemploy- relatively the
destination relatively good
high relatively high ment developed development
connections
diversification probability of rural tourism of tourism
within it
potential catchment accommodati
on
Medium
Medium volume of
Medium Summer Good volume of general
Short
concentration destination accessibility to proximity accommodati
Around 20% experience in
of factors and with the the cluster, but potential on and initial
2 of unemploy- the
medium participation limited tourists and level of rural
ment development
diversification of winter connections medium tourism
of tourism
potential supply within it probability of accommodati
catchment on
development
Low Good Low volume
No
concentration accessibility to of proximity
Around 15% Limited experience in
of factors and Summer the cluster, but potential
3 of unemploy- accommodati the
limited destination very poor tourists and
ment on capacity development
diversification connections low probability
of tourism
potential within it of catchment
The following conclusions can be drawn from the prioritisation of Rural Tourism Clusters:
The specific geographic areas for rural tourism development in the territory have been
identified and prioritised as Central and Western Serbia (RTCG 1), Vojvodina (RTCG 4), South
Banat, Lower Danube and the top part or Eastern Serbia (RTCG 2) and Eastern Serbia (RTCG
3).
The strategy for the development of Rural Tourism in Serbia should focus on these geographic
areas and should be focused on developing these at the same time. However, when resource
allocation decisions need to be made, the difference in the priority level should be taken into
consideration.
Some areas or municipalities with a critical mass of tourism accommodation (whether rural or
no specifically) are not located within the priority clusters. However, they should be linked to
and benefit from the development of the adjacent priority clusters because of their proximity.
While all the RTCG are prioritised for development, the distribution of resources should be
given more weight in the prioritised clusters. The primary resources which this refers to are
investment and funding (including grant schemes). In other words, for example, Eastern Serbia
(RTCG 3) should be given the highest prioritisation for investment in infrastructure, compared
to the other cluster groups. The same approach should be applied for the prioritisation of
funding schemes.
It should also be considered that, while the process results in an overall level of prioritisation,
there may be cases when specific criteria, such as the unemployment rate, are given higher
priority is certain decision making, than other criteria.
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30. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
The strategy for Rural Tourism development, therefore, is to focus on all the areas, while at the
same time considering the prioritisation. In practical terms this should support the decision
making for investment. The prioritisation is an indicator of the potential return that may be
generated in the RTCG. In other words, it is also an indicator of the relative value that can be
created by investing 1 Serbian Dinar in the cluster.
Although the 4 targeted regions have been determined as priority areas for rural tourism
development, a national policy should also consider at the same level of priority the other
clusters which have been determined in this chapter.
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31. Volume II – Strategy for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia
Map of 12 Rural Tourism Clusters (RTC) and 4 Rural Tourism Cluster Groups (RTCG), with
prioritisation of 12 RTCs
5 Northern
RTCG RTC
4 12
RTC
11
4 Upper Danube
RTC South Banat 6
10
RTC
2 Fruska Gora 6
RTC
5
Lower Danube 3
3 Central Serbia
RTCG
2
RTC RTC
4 7 Soko Banja 6
Eastern Serbia 4
RTCG
1
RTC
RTC 8
2
RTC
1 RTC
3
2 Zlatar Zlatibor RTCG
3
RTC
1 Golija
9
2 Kopaonik
South Eastern 8
RTCG Rural Tourism Cluster Group
RTC Rural Tourism Cluster
3 Prioritization order
Source: UNWTO
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