This document discusses strategic financial planning for water resources. It notes that finance is limited and comes from taxes, tariffs, and transfers. Good governance, institutions, and information are needed to effectively use finance. Strategic financial planning provides a structured approach to analyze needs and gaps, determine realistic targets based on available funding sources, and identify priorities. A study in Lesotho developed a financial plan under different scenarios and engaged stakeholders to inform policy and budgeting. Outcomes included improved data, priority setting, and aid effectiveness. Ongoing support is needed to ensure sustainability.
The document summarizes transportation funding issues in Maryland, noting that:
1) The Maryland Department of Transportation's forecast of $5.7 billion in special fund capital spending over the next several years relies on optimistic assumptions and could be over $2 billion less than estimated.
2) Assuming revenue and spending estimates are met, the capital program will focus on system preservation projects, with construction of new transit lines not included due to insufficient funding.
3) Alternative financing options like public-private partnerships or federal loans may help fund new transit lines but traditional revenue sources will still need to increase to support related payments or loans.
The document discusses the European Association of Corporate Treasurers' (EACT) perspectives on hedge accounting proposals from the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Some key points:
1) EACT welcomes efforts to simplify hedge accounting rules but has concerns that some proposals may increase complexity or not align well with risk management practices.
2) Areas of improvement proposed by EACT include relaxing hedge effectiveness assessments, allowing risk components and net positions to be hedged, and further convergence with US GAAP.
3) EACT agrees with objectives to better reflect risk management strategies in financial reporting but is concerned additional disclosures could reveal sensitive information.
The Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB) was established in 1997 by 11 countries as a regional multilateral development bank to foster economic growth and cooperation. It provides financing to public and private entities for projects in member countries. Loans are provided directly to large corporates and projects, while trade finance, SME financing, and other products are primarily delivered through local financial institutions. The BSTDB seeks to mobilize other sources of financing and also manages technical assistance funds to support private sector development.
Campus Crest Communities, Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2011 Results
- Grew Same-Store Net Operating Income by 6.8% -
- Increased Occupancy at Existing 21 Wholly-Owned Operating Properties by 270 Basis Points and Average Rental Rate by 2.8% -
CHARLOTTE, N.C., Nov 01, 2011 (BUSINESS WIRE) --
Campus Crest Communities, Inc. (NYSE:CCG) (the "Company"), a leading developer, builder, owner and manager of high-quality, purpose-built student housing, today announced results for the three months ended September 30, 2011.
The document summarizes the EBRD's involvement in Ukraine. It discusses that the EBRD has invested over 4.5 billion euros in 185 projects in Ukraine over the past 16 years, making it the largest financial investor in the country. It then provides details on some of the EBRD's municipal financing projects in 2009 that focused on transport infrastructure in Lviv and district heating in Ivano-Frankivsk. The document concludes by discussing the economic impact of the financial crisis in Ukraine and the steps that need to be taken, including recapitalizing banks and improving energy efficiency, and emphasizes the important role the EBRD can play in supporting Ukraine during this difficult time.
The investment landcape richard hoskinsScott Donald
This document provides a summary of key topics that will be discussed at an upcoming infrastructure investment and regulation conference. It covers 5 main sections:
1. Drivers of investment opportunities in Australia including economic growth, resource demand, population growth and aging, and increasing energy demand.
2. Private sector investment considerations and the impact of the global financial crisis on investor attitudes toward infrastructure investments.
3. Expected returns from various financing options for infrastructure projects.
4. A conclusion that notes macro trends driving infrastructure demand, the funding challenge faced by governments, and investor perspectives and concerns.
5. An overview of Hastings Funds Management, the specialist infrastructure fund manager hosting the conference.
This presentation provided an overview of the U.S. transportation market outlook. It discussed Onvia's background and services in identifying government business opportunities. It then summarized the impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) on transportation funding and projects. Finally, it outlined AASHTO's recommendations for long-term transportation funding levels through 2015 to restore purchasing power.
The document summarizes transportation funding issues in Maryland, noting that:
1) The Maryland Department of Transportation's forecast of $5.7 billion in special fund capital spending over the next several years relies on optimistic assumptions and could be over $2 billion less than estimated.
2) Assuming revenue and spending estimates are met, the capital program will focus on system preservation projects, with construction of new transit lines not included due to insufficient funding.
3) Alternative financing options like public-private partnerships or federal loans may help fund new transit lines but traditional revenue sources will still need to increase to support related payments or loans.
The document discusses the European Association of Corporate Treasurers' (EACT) perspectives on hedge accounting proposals from the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Some key points:
1) EACT welcomes efforts to simplify hedge accounting rules but has concerns that some proposals may increase complexity or not align well with risk management practices.
2) Areas of improvement proposed by EACT include relaxing hedge effectiveness assessments, allowing risk components and net positions to be hedged, and further convergence with US GAAP.
3) EACT agrees with objectives to better reflect risk management strategies in financial reporting but is concerned additional disclosures could reveal sensitive information.
The Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB) was established in 1997 by 11 countries as a regional multilateral development bank to foster economic growth and cooperation. It provides financing to public and private entities for projects in member countries. Loans are provided directly to large corporates and projects, while trade finance, SME financing, and other products are primarily delivered through local financial institutions. The BSTDB seeks to mobilize other sources of financing and also manages technical assistance funds to support private sector development.
Campus Crest Communities, Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2011 Results
- Grew Same-Store Net Operating Income by 6.8% -
- Increased Occupancy at Existing 21 Wholly-Owned Operating Properties by 270 Basis Points and Average Rental Rate by 2.8% -
CHARLOTTE, N.C., Nov 01, 2011 (BUSINESS WIRE) --
Campus Crest Communities, Inc. (NYSE:CCG) (the "Company"), a leading developer, builder, owner and manager of high-quality, purpose-built student housing, today announced results for the three months ended September 30, 2011.
The document summarizes the EBRD's involvement in Ukraine. It discusses that the EBRD has invested over 4.5 billion euros in 185 projects in Ukraine over the past 16 years, making it the largest financial investor in the country. It then provides details on some of the EBRD's municipal financing projects in 2009 that focused on transport infrastructure in Lviv and district heating in Ivano-Frankivsk. The document concludes by discussing the economic impact of the financial crisis in Ukraine and the steps that need to be taken, including recapitalizing banks and improving energy efficiency, and emphasizes the important role the EBRD can play in supporting Ukraine during this difficult time.
The investment landcape richard hoskinsScott Donald
This document provides a summary of key topics that will be discussed at an upcoming infrastructure investment and regulation conference. It covers 5 main sections:
1. Drivers of investment opportunities in Australia including economic growth, resource demand, population growth and aging, and increasing energy demand.
2. Private sector investment considerations and the impact of the global financial crisis on investor attitudes toward infrastructure investments.
3. Expected returns from various financing options for infrastructure projects.
4. A conclusion that notes macro trends driving infrastructure demand, the funding challenge faced by governments, and investor perspectives and concerns.
5. An overview of Hastings Funds Management, the specialist infrastructure fund manager hosting the conference.
This presentation provided an overview of the U.S. transportation market outlook. It discussed Onvia's background and services in identifying government business opportunities. It then summarized the impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) on transportation funding and projects. Finally, it outlined AASHTO's recommendations for long-term transportation funding levels through 2015 to restore purchasing power.
Incofin Investment Management focuses on rural and agricultural finance through various funds. Their flagship funds, the Rural Impulse Fund I and II, have had strong outreach and impact, reaching over 3.8 million clients as of 2012, mostly women in rural areas. The upcoming agRIF fund aims to increase access to agricultural finance through a variety of financing channels beyond just microfinance institutions, including financial institutions and producer groups. It also plans to establish a technical assistance facility to strengthen the capacity of its investments in areas like product development, risk management, and delivery methods for agricultural clients.
FULL TITLE:
What is the Cutting Edge for Microfinance in Rural Areas and Arid and Semi-Arid Land?
ROOM: Tsavo A
Translated session: English & French
PANEL:
Chair: Mr. Wolday Amha, Executive Director, Association of Ethiopian Microfinance Institution (AEMFI), Ethiopia
Panelist: Mr. Issa Barro, Inclusive Finance Specialist, United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), Senegal
Panelist: Mr. Mwangi Githaiga, Managing Director, Kenya Women Finance Trust (KWFT), Kenya
Presentation by Somik Lall of the World Bank made at the OECD Regional Development Policy Committee Symposium: Place-based policies: rationale, implementation and policy evaluation, held on 29 October 2020.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/regional/
The document summarizes recent political, economic, and industry developments in Indonesia based on a survey. It finds that while the economy grew around 7% annually, issues remain such as falling government approval ratings, concerns around corruption, and challenges managing urban growth. It also analyzes trends in exports, monetary policy, stock markets, budgets, and the impacts of natural disasters like Mount Merapi's eruption.
The Lenox Finance Committee presented a long term financial plan with opportunities and challenges for the town. It included a 10-year projection of revenues and expenses, current debts and liabilities, and capital requests from departments. The committee recommended stretching out capital investments, reducing expenditures in line with population growth, holding property tax increases to 2% annually, and increasing other fees to fund capital costs and additional borrowing over the 10 year period.
The document discusses alternatives to public sector financing for water and sanitation projects, including commercial finance options. It describes global trends from the 1990s focus on private sector investment to calls in the 2000s for increased aid. However, new approaches are emerging like leveraging local resources through improved cost recovery by utilities and facilitating domestic market borrowing. A few case studies show how utilities and small providers have accessed finance. Microfinance also has high potential but more evidence is needed at scale. Measures are required to achieve sustainability in commercial financing for both utilities and microfinance.
Mining’s legacy: thinking beyond the mine - Ian Satchwell, International Mini...Mining On Top
Mining’s legacy: thinking beyond the mine
Speaker: Ian Satchwell, Director, International Mining for Development Centre
Mining On Top: Africa - London Summit
24-26 June 2014 | London
This presentation was made by Isabel Rial, IMF, at the 8th meeting of Senior Public-Private Partnerships and Infrastructure Officials held in Paris on 23-24 March 2015.
This 3-sentence summary provides the high level information from the Country Operations Business Plan document:
1) The Country Operations Business Plan for Vietnam from 2008-2010 outlines an indicative lending program of $5.3 billion consisting of 17 ADF, 12 OCR and 4 blend projects focused on priority sectors like energy, transport, health and finance.
2) The plan is consistent with Vietnam's Country Strategy and Program which aims to help reduce poverty through pro-poor growth, social equity, environmental protection and good governance.
3) The plan also includes an indicative nonlending program of $30.9 million in technical assistance to support project preparation and implementation as well as policy reforms, capacity building and institutional
Sustainable Development Goals and Development Impact Bonds Taruna Gupta
Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) are a new financing mechanism that ties funding to measurable social outcomes. Private investors provide upfront capital for social programs, which service providers implement. An independent evaluator measures the program's success. If the program achieves agreed-upon outcomes, outcome funders like donors repay investors based on results, otherwise investors may lose their capital. DIBs aim to improve social programs by focusing on results, transferring risk from the public to private sector, and attracting private funding for development. However, DIBs also face challenges like changing mindsets to see development as an investment, concerns about increasing bureaucracy, and ensuring proper risk management. Key lessons indicate initial investors will seek social returns, strong risk mit
Infrastructure to Support Industrialisation in Africa - Antonio Pedro, UN ECAMining On Top
Infrastructure to Support Industrialisation in Africa
Speaker: Antonio Pedro - Director of UNECA’s Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa
Mining On Top: Africa - London Summit
24-26 June 2014 | London
1. The document discusses improving urban water utility performance in Sub-Saharan Africa through smarter use of development financing.
2. It proposes a phased financing approach to incentivize credible commitments to effective utility management practices and use funds to support operational and infrastructure improvements.
3. The goal is to shift norms to more financially sustainable utilities able to provide near universal access to water through collaboration between financiers.
Financing water in_the_arab_countries_beirut89_3_2010Parti Djibouti
This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) for water infrastructure projects in Arab countries. It provides an overview of the Arab Countries Water Utilities Association (ACWUA) and its goals of knowledge sharing, training, and setting performance standards to improve water utilities. It also summarizes the critical water challenges facing Arab nations, including water scarcity, lack of access to drinking water and sanitation, and the large financial investment needs for water infrastructure. The document outlines Jordan's experience with PPPs for water projects and why PPPs are an important model for leveraging private sector involvement and financing to develop sustainable water infrastructure.
Innovation, ICT and Open Data in new 2014-2020 EU Cohesion Policy Luigi Reggi
The document discusses key changes in the 2014-2020 EU Cohesion Policy, including a greater focus on innovation, ICT, and open data. Specifically, it will require (1) more funds allocated to research/innovation and ICT objectives, (2) use of open data to increase transparency and effectiveness, and (3) ex-ante conditionalities requiring countries to have digital and innovation plans to access EU funds. The goal is to better align Cohesion Policy with the Europe 2020 strategy and increase transparency.
PowerPoint presentations from Fundación Capital's South-South Knowledge Exchange Forum, organized with support from IFAD "Leveraging Opportunities to Encourage Financial Inclusion"
OEDA Infrastructure Puzzle Power Point 3-3-15David Robinson
This document discusses infrastructure financing strategies for economic development projects. It introduces the concept of an "Infrastructure Puzzle" where multiple funding sources must be pieced together to finance infrastructure projects. These sources include local funding mechanisms like tax increment financing (TIF) and special assessment districts, as well as state, federal, and private sector funding. The document provides details on TIFs, including how they work, eligible project costs, and strategies for converting future TIF revenues into upfront funding for projects. It also discusses other local funding tools and developer-funded infrastructure options.
OECD/ADB High-level Workshop on funding and financing subnational infrastruct...OECDregions
The document discusses the urgent need for increasing subnational funding and financing opportunities in Asia-Pacific to address the large infrastructure gap. It notes that Asia-Pacific will be home to nearly 200 cities with over 1 million people by 2030, yet faces tightening budgets and increasing infrastructure demands. The ADB is working to support cities and regions through financing, knowledge, and partnerships for inclusive and sustainable infrastructure. Examples provided include support for New Clark City in the Philippines, affordable housing projects in India, urban water projects in Vietnam, and municipal infrastructure projects in Uzbekistan. The Creating Investable Cities initiative leverages expertise to improve subnational financing environments, local revenue mobilization, and prepare sustainable infrastructure projects.
This document discusses various financial instruments that can be used to fund integrated water resource management (IWRM) projects and water systems. It outlines different options for charging users for water and water services. It also examines financing from national governments through grants, loans, and guarantees. External financing from development agencies and philanthropic organizations is also covered. The document discusses commercial loans, bonds, and private equity investments. It provides examples of how different countries employ various financing mechanisms like taxes and fees.
This document discusses financing strategies for integrated water resource management. It outlines the main components of the water sector that require financing, including infrastructure, resource development, and operations. It also categorizes costs as recurrent (operations) or capital (infrastructure investments) and lists typical sources of funding. The document advocates developing financing strategies that recover costs from users, leverage public and external grants, and explore partnerships with private sector to attract new sources of financing to adequately fund the water sector over the long term.
Incofin Investment Management focuses on rural and agricultural finance through various funds. Their flagship funds, the Rural Impulse Fund I and II, have had strong outreach and impact, reaching over 3.8 million clients as of 2012, mostly women in rural areas. The upcoming agRIF fund aims to increase access to agricultural finance through a variety of financing channels beyond just microfinance institutions, including financial institutions and producer groups. It also plans to establish a technical assistance facility to strengthen the capacity of its investments in areas like product development, risk management, and delivery methods for agricultural clients.
FULL TITLE:
What is the Cutting Edge for Microfinance in Rural Areas and Arid and Semi-Arid Land?
ROOM: Tsavo A
Translated session: English & French
PANEL:
Chair: Mr. Wolday Amha, Executive Director, Association of Ethiopian Microfinance Institution (AEMFI), Ethiopia
Panelist: Mr. Issa Barro, Inclusive Finance Specialist, United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), Senegal
Panelist: Mr. Mwangi Githaiga, Managing Director, Kenya Women Finance Trust (KWFT), Kenya
Presentation by Somik Lall of the World Bank made at the OECD Regional Development Policy Committee Symposium: Place-based policies: rationale, implementation and policy evaluation, held on 29 October 2020.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/regional/
The document summarizes recent political, economic, and industry developments in Indonesia based on a survey. It finds that while the economy grew around 7% annually, issues remain such as falling government approval ratings, concerns around corruption, and challenges managing urban growth. It also analyzes trends in exports, monetary policy, stock markets, budgets, and the impacts of natural disasters like Mount Merapi's eruption.
The Lenox Finance Committee presented a long term financial plan with opportunities and challenges for the town. It included a 10-year projection of revenues and expenses, current debts and liabilities, and capital requests from departments. The committee recommended stretching out capital investments, reducing expenditures in line with population growth, holding property tax increases to 2% annually, and increasing other fees to fund capital costs and additional borrowing over the 10 year period.
The document discusses alternatives to public sector financing for water and sanitation projects, including commercial finance options. It describes global trends from the 1990s focus on private sector investment to calls in the 2000s for increased aid. However, new approaches are emerging like leveraging local resources through improved cost recovery by utilities and facilitating domestic market borrowing. A few case studies show how utilities and small providers have accessed finance. Microfinance also has high potential but more evidence is needed at scale. Measures are required to achieve sustainability in commercial financing for both utilities and microfinance.
Mining’s legacy: thinking beyond the mine - Ian Satchwell, International Mini...Mining On Top
Mining’s legacy: thinking beyond the mine
Speaker: Ian Satchwell, Director, International Mining for Development Centre
Mining On Top: Africa - London Summit
24-26 June 2014 | London
This presentation was made by Isabel Rial, IMF, at the 8th meeting of Senior Public-Private Partnerships and Infrastructure Officials held in Paris on 23-24 March 2015.
This 3-sentence summary provides the high level information from the Country Operations Business Plan document:
1) The Country Operations Business Plan for Vietnam from 2008-2010 outlines an indicative lending program of $5.3 billion consisting of 17 ADF, 12 OCR and 4 blend projects focused on priority sectors like energy, transport, health and finance.
2) The plan is consistent with Vietnam's Country Strategy and Program which aims to help reduce poverty through pro-poor growth, social equity, environmental protection and good governance.
3) The plan also includes an indicative nonlending program of $30.9 million in technical assistance to support project preparation and implementation as well as policy reforms, capacity building and institutional
Sustainable Development Goals and Development Impact Bonds Taruna Gupta
Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) are a new financing mechanism that ties funding to measurable social outcomes. Private investors provide upfront capital for social programs, which service providers implement. An independent evaluator measures the program's success. If the program achieves agreed-upon outcomes, outcome funders like donors repay investors based on results, otherwise investors may lose their capital. DIBs aim to improve social programs by focusing on results, transferring risk from the public to private sector, and attracting private funding for development. However, DIBs also face challenges like changing mindsets to see development as an investment, concerns about increasing bureaucracy, and ensuring proper risk management. Key lessons indicate initial investors will seek social returns, strong risk mit
Infrastructure to Support Industrialisation in Africa - Antonio Pedro, UN ECAMining On Top
Infrastructure to Support Industrialisation in Africa
Speaker: Antonio Pedro - Director of UNECA’s Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa
Mining On Top: Africa - London Summit
24-26 June 2014 | London
1. The document discusses improving urban water utility performance in Sub-Saharan Africa through smarter use of development financing.
2. It proposes a phased financing approach to incentivize credible commitments to effective utility management practices and use funds to support operational and infrastructure improvements.
3. The goal is to shift norms to more financially sustainable utilities able to provide near universal access to water through collaboration between financiers.
Financing water in_the_arab_countries_beirut89_3_2010Parti Djibouti
This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) for water infrastructure projects in Arab countries. It provides an overview of the Arab Countries Water Utilities Association (ACWUA) and its goals of knowledge sharing, training, and setting performance standards to improve water utilities. It also summarizes the critical water challenges facing Arab nations, including water scarcity, lack of access to drinking water and sanitation, and the large financial investment needs for water infrastructure. The document outlines Jordan's experience with PPPs for water projects and why PPPs are an important model for leveraging private sector involvement and financing to develop sustainable water infrastructure.
Innovation, ICT and Open Data in new 2014-2020 EU Cohesion Policy Luigi Reggi
The document discusses key changes in the 2014-2020 EU Cohesion Policy, including a greater focus on innovation, ICT, and open data. Specifically, it will require (1) more funds allocated to research/innovation and ICT objectives, (2) use of open data to increase transparency and effectiveness, and (3) ex-ante conditionalities requiring countries to have digital and innovation plans to access EU funds. The goal is to better align Cohesion Policy with the Europe 2020 strategy and increase transparency.
PowerPoint presentations from Fundación Capital's South-South Knowledge Exchange Forum, organized with support from IFAD "Leveraging Opportunities to Encourage Financial Inclusion"
OEDA Infrastructure Puzzle Power Point 3-3-15David Robinson
This document discusses infrastructure financing strategies for economic development projects. It introduces the concept of an "Infrastructure Puzzle" where multiple funding sources must be pieced together to finance infrastructure projects. These sources include local funding mechanisms like tax increment financing (TIF) and special assessment districts, as well as state, federal, and private sector funding. The document provides details on TIFs, including how they work, eligible project costs, and strategies for converting future TIF revenues into upfront funding for projects. It also discusses other local funding tools and developer-funded infrastructure options.
OECD/ADB High-level Workshop on funding and financing subnational infrastruct...OECDregions
The document discusses the urgent need for increasing subnational funding and financing opportunities in Asia-Pacific to address the large infrastructure gap. It notes that Asia-Pacific will be home to nearly 200 cities with over 1 million people by 2030, yet faces tightening budgets and increasing infrastructure demands. The ADB is working to support cities and regions through financing, knowledge, and partnerships for inclusive and sustainable infrastructure. Examples provided include support for New Clark City in the Philippines, affordable housing projects in India, urban water projects in Vietnam, and municipal infrastructure projects in Uzbekistan. The Creating Investable Cities initiative leverages expertise to improve subnational financing environments, local revenue mobilization, and prepare sustainable infrastructure projects.
This document discusses various financial instruments that can be used to fund integrated water resource management (IWRM) projects and water systems. It outlines different options for charging users for water and water services. It also examines financing from national governments through grants, loans, and guarantees. External financing from development agencies and philanthropic organizations is also covered. The document discusses commercial loans, bonds, and private equity investments. It provides examples of how different countries employ various financing mechanisms like taxes and fees.
This document discusses financing strategies for integrated water resource management. It outlines the main components of the water sector that require financing, including infrastructure, resource development, and operations. It also categorizes costs as recurrent (operations) or capital (infrastructure investments) and lists typical sources of funding. The document advocates developing financing strategies that recover costs from users, leverage public and external grants, and explore partnerships with private sector to attract new sources of financing to adequately fund the water sector over the long term.
This document discusses various economic instruments that can be used to promote efficiency in water allocation and management. It outlines criteria for evaluating economic instruments, including technical and allocative efficiency, equity, environmental, administrative, and political considerations. Specific instruments discussed include water tariffs, taxes, subsidies, tradable water rights, and fees. The document emphasizes that the appropriate economic instruments depend on the local context and should be selected through a participatory process.
This document discusses various water valuation methods that can be used to support economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines cost-benefit analysis and how valuation methods can measure the benefits and costs of water to inform pricing policies. Demand functions are estimated using data on water use and prices, while contingent valuation and hedonic pricing are also employed. Valuation of water as an intermediate good for agriculture and industry involves residual imputation and alternative cost approaches. The document considers the usefulness and feasibility of different valuation methods for policymaking.
This document discusses economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines key concepts like the public good nature of water, supply and demand, and full cost recovery. Economic instruments can help balance water supply and demand management by addressing issues like markets not being active in the water sector. Instruments mentioned include water tariffs, taxes, subsidies, fees, permits, and pollution charges. The goal is to help recover the full costs of water services provision given water's public good features.
This document discusses using economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management (IWRM) to improve efficiency, equity, and sustainability. It addresses major issues in water management like achieving development goals and climate change adaptation. Economic principles like rational resource use, cost recovery, and polluter pays are important to consider. Economic instruments like taxes and subsidies can be applied. Financial instruments may also be needed to fund investments and operations. IWRM aims to achieve efficiency, equity for vulnerable groups, and long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability of water services.
The document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM) as a framework for sustainable water management. It discusses that water is essential but there is a global water crisis due to increasing demand, pollution, and uncoordinated development. IWRM is presented as a solution that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach considering social, economic, and environmental interdependencies between different water uses. The key aspects of IWRM include decentralized management structures, greater economic incentives, and broader stakeholder participation.
This document introduces economic and financial instruments for integrated water resources management (IWRM). It defines economics as allocating scarce resources, and finance as maximizing returns on assets/investments. Economic instruments for IWRM include water tariffs, abstraction charges, subsidies, and taxes. Financial instruments include water tariffs, government grants/loans, external grants/loans, and commercial loans. Implementing IWRM faces roadblocks like sectoral interests and socio-cultural myths. An incremental approach is needed to negotiate differences, integrate sectors, and reform institutions and laws to sustainably finance IWRM plans.
Local financing mechanisms for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services are needed to increase coverage, especially for low-income communities. These mechanisms include pooled funds, microcredit, small-town innovations, and enabling policies that support decentralization, capacity building, and participation. Effective financing requires understanding costs, tariffs, billing, and involving actors like utilities, microfinance institutions, and communities to manage funds transparently and sustainably.
The document discusses various financial instruments and legal forms that can be used to finance water and sanitation projects through capital markets, including bonds, BOTs, PPPs, and others. It provides examples of how bond markets have been developed in countries like India and initiatives taken in African countries. Key requirements for developing a local capital market include an efficient government debt market, institutions to mobilize long-term savings, and continued support from international lenders to leverage local funds.
The document discusses policy and institutions for disaster management. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear disaster management framework with a lead institution that has the mandate and capacity to coordinate response efforts across sectors. Effective disaster management requires defining roles and responsibilities among institutions, enabling cross-sectoral coordination, and allowing a shift from relief-focused approaches to more prevention and preparedness.
The document discusses the occurrence, impact, and management of drought phenomena. It explains that drought is a normal feature of climate that occurs worldwide, though its characteristics vary by region. Drought definition depends on regional, needs-based, and disciplinary perspectives. Drought cuts across sectors and levels of government, heightening food insecurity and weakening service delivery capacities. Drought consequences are examined by identifying direct impacts like reduced crop yields and reservoir depletion, as well as secondary social effects. Effective drought management requires strong political commitment, community participation, and consideration of local conditions.
This module explains the impacts of climate change on water resources and disasters. It covers climate variability, climate change, and the effects on sectors like agriculture, energy, transport, health and water resources. Adaptation is needed to build community resilience against hydro-climatic disasters through understanding impacts and applying knowledge from the module.
The document discusses reducing vulnerability to hydro-climatic disasters through disaster risk reduction initiatives in Guyana. It emphasizes understanding the relationship between hazards, vulnerability, and risk; evaluating existing disaster risk reduction programs; and promoting knowledge sharing to build resilient communities. Key points include identifying vulnerable populations, dynamics that propagate disasters in Guyana, challenges in effective disaster response, and measures to mitigate water-related disasters through a multi-sectoral approach incorporating disaster risk management into water resource management frameworks.
The document discusses hydro-climatic disasters and integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Guyana. It defines disasters and notes that the main sources in Guyana are hydro-meteorological like floods and wind storms, as well as geophysical disasters. IWRM is presented as a systematic process for sustainable development and management of water resources through equitable allocation and efficiency. IWRM and disaster management must be linked to reduce vulnerabilities and negative impacts from hydro-climatic disasters through awareness, early warning systems, and catchment-level implementation of IWRM. Preparing for disasters is more cost-effective than post-disaster recovery.
This document outlines the importance of emergency preparedness and response planning for disasters. Key points include:
1) Advance planning, ability to mobilize resources quickly, and practice drills are essential to effective emergency response. Clear lines of authority and coordination between levels of government and organizations are needed.
2) Detailed response plans must be prepared in advance, identify responsibilities, and include inventory of resources, contact information, and trigger mechanisms. Plans must be reviewed and practiced regularly.
3) Training of emergency response teams is critical. Exercises help identify gaps and develop backup strategies. Advance preparation and warning systems can help minimize disaster impacts. Response does not end with the event and lessons learned should inform future plans.
The document discusses the economic impacts of hydro-climatic disasters and the need for disaster risk reduction investments. It notes that the costs of natural disasters have increased 14-fold over the last 50 years. Direct impacts include damage to assets and infrastructure while indirect impacts include loss of earnings and productivity. Secondary impacts can persist for years and include declines in GDP, tax revenue, and increases in prices and debt levels. The document advocates for pre-disaster risk transfer mechanisms like insurance and contingency funds to provide immediate relief after disasters and argues that investments in water management can both reduce disaster risks and support development goals.
The document identifies 22 issues that impact integrated water resources management in the Caribbean. Some of the key issues discussed include land use planning, comprehensive water resources assessment, water resources planning, abstraction licensing, designated water uses, ambient water quality standards, public water supply, agricultural water management, seasonal variation, flooding, watershed management, water-related ecology, climate change, wastewater management, and public participation. The document suggests that many of these issues pose major challenges to water management in Caribbean countries.
The document discusses the creation of a Journalists Network on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) by the Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C). Some key points:
GWP-C aims to promote knowledge sharing and communications as one of its strategic goals. It plans to create a journalists network to disseminate information on IWRM to raise public awareness. The network will empower journalists with technical expertise and provide opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange. It will facilitate the inclusion of journalists in GWP-C events and promote their work online to expand outreach. The goal is to build understanding of water issues through strategic messaging targeted at stakeholders.
More from Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C) (20)
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
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Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leadermsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
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Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdfshruti1menon2
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A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck mari...Donc Test
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
2. 1. Background
Finance is a scarce resource
• Good Governance is essential to reduce risk and attract
finance.
• Sound institutions and competent staff necessary to make
effective use of finance.
• Information critical for good decision-making and design.
• Sound project preparation essential for investment: support is
needed for both ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ interventions.
3. 2. Background
Realism: The 3 T’s
• There are only three sources of finance: Taxes, Tariffs, Transfers
• Government budgets are finite depending on taxes, tariffs and
transfers.
• Utilities only have income from tariffs or budget allocations (tax).
• Aid transfers are from tax paid by workers in donor countries -
limited and have to be used strategically.
• Loans have to be paid back from taxes or tariffs.
• Taxes and tariffs take many forms and are collected in many ways.
4. 3. Background
Governments face stark choices
1. Lower ambitions (or renege on commitments).
2. Access more grant aid (it has increased but is limited
and unpredictable).
3. Raise more tax (and/or divert it from other uses).
4. Increase tariffs for water services.
5. Attract private investment (and thus raise tariffs).
5. 4. Background
The myth of low tariffs
“low tariffs help the poor who cannot
afford to pay and are unwilling to pay”.
• Low tariffs commit the poor to pay more for a worse
service, whilst wealthier urban dwellers are subsidised.
• It results in a lack of finance for maintaining assets and
improving services and keeps the sector backward.
• The least worst solution for extending services is to
increase the pot of finance through higher tariffs.
6. 5. Background
Strategic Financial Planning (SFP)
1. Analyses needs and gaps before trying to access funds and
decide on the sources.
2. Provides Facts – essential to convince the Ministry of Finance.
3. Provides a reality check - demonstrate there is no magic bullet.
4. Country SFP studies supported by OECD and bilateral donors in
Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Kyrgyz Republic.
5. Lesotho study supported by EUWI-FWG. Cost Euro 250,000.
7. 6. Lesotho
Lesotho SFP study
• Develop and maintain a strategic financial plan for water supply
and sanitation services
• Build capacity through a “learning-by-doing” process
• Inform the ‘Sector Wide Approach’ for water through policy
dialogue among government departments and with other
stakeholders
• Bring information and data from water and sanitation services
(urban/ rural/ bulk water) together in one consistent format
and establish a baseline
7
8. 7. Lesotho
Elements of the study
• Intensive data collection and analysis
• Take account of economic policies, plans and government
aspirations
• Financing needs analysed according to four scenarios:
1. Business as usual
2. High Growth with Urban and Industrial Focus
3. High Growth with Rural Development Focus
4. Low Growth
• Structured method used to analyse information based on the OECD
‘Feasible’ methodology
• Household affordability a key input to get realistic figures
9. 8. Lesotho
Planning Methodology
Macro-economic forecast
•Prices •Production/ Income
•Public Revenues
Demand Change
Supply
Existing Targets Rules governing: Sources of
Facilities •Level •Public transfers Finance:
and •year •User charges •User Charges
Situation •Private sector •Public budgets
finance •Private fin. Inst.
•Donors and IFIs
Project available finance for
Expenditure forecast Change
•Investment expenditure
•Investment expenditure •Targets
•“Rules” •Recurring expenditure
•O&M expenditure
•Finance •Capacity Building etc
Sources
Financing Gap 9
10. 9. Lesotho
Results: Total Funding Needs
Average Annual Funding
Needs to 2020
Includes
100 O&M
90 Costs
80
70
60
mEUR
50
40
30
20
10
0
U San
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Scenario 4
R San
Sew
UWS
RWS
11. 10. Lesotho
Population served
3,500,000
Rural Pop un-served
Urban Pop un-served
3,000,000
Rural Pop served
Urban Pop served
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
-
2020
2025
2030
2035
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2015/16
2013/14
2014/15
12. 11. Lesotho
Water Sector Funding Sources
Water Sector Funding Sources to 2015 User
Contribu Scenario 3
tions
29%
Water Sector Funding Sources to 2030-35
Governm
ent &
Donors
28%
Governm
ent &
Donors
71%
User
Contribu
tions
72%
13. 12. Outcomes
SFP Outcomes
• Formed the basis of engagement with Finance Ministry.
• Objective discussion of tariff policy.
• Analytical approach showed stark trade-off between reality and
policy credibility – in a transparent way.
• Results used to identify priorities and embedded into the budget and
Medium Term Expenditure Framework.
• Provided a platform for aid effectiveness and dialogue with donors.
• Facilitated improvements in the Monitoring systems and cooperation
between the Bureau of Statistics and water sector Institutions.
14. 13. Lessons
Constraints
1. Data collection and analysis problematic.
2. Institutional anchorage of the SFP process and planning tools –
changes in staffing make this fragile.
3. A ‘project approach’ is good for initial development of
planning tools and capacity building but not for the long term.
4. Follow-up support is necessary to ensure sustainability of the
achievements.
15. 14. Lessons
Lessons
1. Provides a structured and comprehensive approach – replaces
the usual ad hoc approach
2. SFP structured according to the sub-sector sub-divisions used
in the budgeting process
3. Flexible tool that allows for re-design/additions and updating
according to the developments in the sector
4. Must be ‘owned’ by the country. There is no ‘one size fits all’.
5. Provides transparency therefore good for negotiations.
16. 15. Observations
Overcoming Financing Obstacles
• SFP provides reality check – and helps set realistic aims.
• Help Governments allocate scarce public budgets more strategically
for public goods and facilitate private investment.
• SFP part of wider support on financing for water. For example:
– for project preparation (trust funds not presently used for water),
– for blending of finance from multiple sources,
– For helping countries understand finance and how to access finance from
different sources.
17. 16. Observations
Strategy issues
• Whole project costs must be factored in (less 40% are for
infrastructure/construction).
• Subsidies are needed but have to be designed and targeted.
• Need to use a range of sources of finance and mechanisms
and match different sources to different purposes.
• Need different approach to serve the poor – if utilities are run
as a ‘business’ then may need to have different agency to
provide for the poorest communities.
18. 17. Observations
Distractions!
• Worldwide Economic crisis – reduced access
to finance.
• Investment without revenues - excessive
national debt.
• Right to water (and sanitation) has
consequences - legal costs, withdrawal of
financing?
• Loss of public support if focus only on urban
areas with lack of solutions for the poor.
19. Thank you
• EUWI FWG reports:
• Strategic Financial Planning for water supply and sanitation in
Africa (English and French)
• A Primer for Practitioners and Students in Developing
Countries
• available from:
www.euwi.net/wg/finance
www.gwpforum.org
Editor's Notes
Will present some broad messages on financing and illustrate with a specific case study from Lesotho
MESSAGESRate of return on pvte investment in Africa is higher than any other region – Oxford Uni research and Harvard bus review 2009BUTThere is an absorption problem./ No capacity so additional investment collapses.
This is stating the obvious but that is necessary as for too long we have given the impression that money comes from nowhere and dependency culture.TRANSFERS – too dependent on these in many countries can be 50% or more of budget. This is unpredictable and not a sustainable basis for financing services.
Not much scope for tax as economies are informal.Excessive dependence on Aid.All sectors are seeking scarce funds and finance is more scarce than water and just as misused, wasted and over exploited (= debt).Water only gets between 0.5 and 1% of budget (and declining) – too low for meeting the governments political statements. ODA to Africa on water is 3% of total ODA and only about US$ 1 billion per year. Demands for WS&S are 10 to 20 bn/yr.Need to use ODA very strategically to leverage other funds
Promoting tariffs – paying for water services – has got lost in political rhetoric. Need to show reality of what has to be done to meet demand – TINA –WBstudy indicates urban piped water (delivered to the rich) costs 4 times what unregulated vendors charge (the poor) [0.13 v/s .51 $/m3]
Often sector is asking for money with very vague ideas of what is needed.
The project developed a planning tool and Technical Working Group from Water Sector Institutions were trained in itsuse.Financing needs analysed according to four scenarios: Business as usualHigh Growth with Urban and Industrial FocusHigh Growth with Rural Development FocusLow GrowthThe consequences of financing strategies based on the principles in the Water Policy were described and quantifiedThe 4 scenarios all aim for full cost recovery for urban water and sewerage services.The financing strategy therefore has a large degree of ‘user payment for services’ and identifies the need for a ‘social safety net’ to ensure that services also reach the poorer parts of the population
The scenarios worked on the Government policy to meet all unserved by 2020.
Provided the basis for agreement on realistic service targets.Agreement on bringing information and data from water and sanitation services together in one consistent format .Established a baseline for water and sanitation information.Water Sector SWAP was enhanced through dialogue among the relevant Government, Donors and other stakeholders.Examined different scenarios using a transparent methodology and country specific spreadsheets – avoiding the ‘black box’ problem.
Data sensitive eg government reluctant to give population figures
Off the shelf generic planning tools do not work as the water sector is different in different countries and planning tools need to fit into the existing data management systems.Some components of planning tools, such as unit cost models and specific sub-sector models, can have wider application in more than one country and help in developing local tools.
Finance institutions are frustrated at lack of demand and poor quality of projects Focus on accessing Trust Funds to develop infrastructure projects for the water sectorE.G. European Investment Bank manage an infrastructure trust fund for Africa that has never been used for water! AfDB manage the NEPAD trust fund for infrastructure, UN and others also have under used project preparation facilities. Have to cover life cycle costs. 20% design and build 44% O&M 36% financing cost.