The document summarizes the process of mummification in ancient Egypt over different time periods. It explains that Egyptians believed mummification was important for ensuring well-being in the afterlife. The 10 step process involved removing organs, drying the body with natron, wrapping it in linen, and placing amulets and canopic jars with organs inside the mummy's tomb. Mummification was mostly reserved for pharaohs and wealthy Egyptians, while poor Egyptians were buried in shallow desert graves.

1. The Book about
Mummification
By: Steve Lee
F-Block

2. Facts about Mummification
- Egyptians first got the idea of mummification from their observation of natural phenomena.
(from Old kingdom)
- Ka was the life force. The Ba was the dead person's memory. The last one is the Akh. Akh is the
soul of you body. Ka remains in the body after the mummification, but Ba leaves the body.
(From Old, Middle and New Kingdom)
- Some Egyptians DIDN' T REMOVE KEDNEY. But they washed the heart and dried it out and
put them back in the body.
(from Old Kingdom)
- Sometimes false eyes are made from onions in the mummification process.
(from Old, Middle and New Kingdom)
- All the equipment that was used in the mummification was buried together with the body
(from Old, Middle and New Kingdom)

3. Map of Mummification
Old & Middle
New Kingdom
kingdom
Started at Started at
2686~1786B.C. 1570~1070B.C.

4. Famous Mummies
Khufu- Giza, Old Kingdom, 2551B.C.E.-2518B.C.E.
-Build the Great Pyramid at Giza
-He was a harsh and a cruel pharaoh
Menes- Memephis, old Kingdom, 3100B.C.E
- The first pharoah in Ancient Egypt
- He unifed upper and Lower Egypt

5. Six Characteristics of a Civilization
Mummification shows status symbol. Only pharaohs and wealthy people were able to
afford to have mummies made. Rich people were able to spend money on mummification,
but poor people didn’t have enough money. However, peasant families buried their dead
in shallow graves at the edge of the desert. The hot dry sand of the desert preserved
the bodies naturally.

6. Workers of Mummification
" Hery Seshta " was in charge of the mummification and who took the
part of jackal god Anubis.
" Hetemw Netjer " was the assistant and the seal bearer of the god.
" Hery Heb " was the preist who reads out magic spells during the whole
retual.
" Wetyw " the bandagers who removed all the organs and bandaged the
body.

7. The difference of Mummification in the past and
present
People in ancient Egypt mummified dead bodies so it will
look lifelike, but now, people in Korea cremate. Cremation
is burning dead bodies for a moment and put the
reamaining bone powder in a jar. They throw the bone
powder in river, ocean, mountain and other places.

8. Importance of Mummification
Mummfication was mostly about the afterlife.
If the pharaoh is happy in the afterlife, then
the Egpytians will get a good fortune or
afterlife.

9. The Process of Mummification

10. Step One
1.The embalmers washed the dead
body with palm wine and clean it
with water from the Nile river.

11. Step 2
DO NOT TRY THIS
2. One of the embalmer's men cuts the left side of
the body and removes many of the organs. The
heart is not removed from the body because
Egyptians thought the pharaoh will need it in the
afterlife. Then, a long hook is used to smash the
brain and pull it out through the nose.
Organs

12. Step 3
3. The body is now covered and
stuffed with natron which will
dry it out.

13. Step 4
4.After 40 days, the body is washed again with water
from the Nile. Then it is covered with oils to help the
skin stay tough.

14. Step 5
5.The organs are wrapped in linen and returned to
the body. The body is stuffed with dry materials
such as sawdust, leaves and linen so that it looks
lifelike. Finally the body is covered again with oils.

15. Stop! before Step 7 you need to know...
Organs go in to specific jars...
Qebehsenuef the falcon-headed god looks after the intestines.
Hapy the baboon-headed god looks after the lungs
Duamutef the jackal-headed god looks after the stomach
Imsety the human-headed god looks after the liver.

16. Step 7
7.First the head and neck
are wrapped with strips of
fine linen. Then the fingers
and the toes are
individually wrapped.

17. Step 8
This is the 'Isis
8.The arms and legs are
knot' amulet that
wrapped separately. Egyptians
Between the layers of believed it will
protect the body
wrapping, the embalmers
of the pharaoh.
place amulets to protect
the body in its journey
through the underworld.
This is a scarab.
This is the symbol
of immortal and
the bite of the
scarab is death.

18. Step 9
Finally, a large cloth is wrapped around
the mummy. It is attached with linen.
The mummy is placed in one small coffin
and then, one big coffin.

19. Step 10
The funeral is held for the pharaoh

20. Picture Sources
- http://www.ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display.aspx?
categoryid=27&entryid=1454100&searchtext=mummification&type=simple&option=all
http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/egypt/mummies.htm
http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Class_Wall_Map_1.JPG
http://www.carnegiemnh.org/exhibitions/egypt/mummification.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/5356/mummifying.html
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/story/main.html
http://www.egyptologyonline.com/mummification.htm
Google Image Result for http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qffXhiVRKZs/SqWcnW4c4qI/AAAAAAAAAsk/l0BbPBViNTc/
s320/afterlife1.jpg

21. Information Sources
Computer sources
http://www.ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display.aspx?
categoryid=27&entryid=1454100&searchtext=mummification&type=simple&option=all
http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/egypt/mummies.htm
http://www.carnegiemnh.org/exhibitions/egypt/mummification.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/5356/mummifying.html
http://www.egyptologyonline.com/mummification.htm
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/story/main.html
Book Sources
You woundn’t want to be an Egyptian Mummy, Written by: David Stewart
The Ancient Egyptians, Written by: Lila Perl