Step 5 is the negotiation and supplier selection. The team sends out the RFP, negotiates with suppliers, and selects Fed Ex. supplier(s). The Center Led Sourcing process includes documented business cases that are Step 6 Once the team has made the selection, they need to do the integration. This is done by applying the Ariba toolset scrutinized by Stakeholders, Legal, and Finance and approved by the FedEx with the supplier, and identifying integration conflicts to be solved to make the contract workable. Corporation Sourcing Council Step 7 Benchmark the supply market - on-going monitoring of the supplier(s) through the FedEx Supplier Scorecard system. Fed Ex. ILLUSTRATIVE The sourcing process applies a rigorous, proven methodology to categories selected during an opportunity diagnostic Two aspects of how this is done are important: first, a central sourcing group leads company-by-company specific sourcing initiatives. This is a team of sourcing analysts who lead these sourcing initiatives, and once they get through the process - this hands off from the sourcing advisor to a supply chain associate. These associates are spend-category associated (e.g. aircraft components, IT contracts, etc.) Their role is to take the arrangement with the supplier and ensure that it is implemented and see that it goes on within that marketplace. They are responsible for completing the scorecard with the supplier to ensure that it is completed thoroughly and accurately. This handoff occurs in Step 6 during integration. (available as supplementary material of the textbook Monczka, R. et al. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, South-western/Cengage Learning) FedEx is much more than your typical air express carrier Background - Federal Express FedEx Corporation is a $20 billion market leader in transportation, information, and logistics solutions, providing strategic direction to the five main operating companies. These include: - FedEx Express: The world's largest express transportation company. Leveraging its unmatched air route authorities and extensive air/ground infrastructure, FedEx Express connects markets, within just 1 to 2 business days that comprise 90% of the world's economic activity. FedEx Ground: North America's second-largest ground carrier for business-to-business small-package delivery. Provider of innovative new residential delivery service - FedEx Home Delivery - in key U.S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs FedEx Freight: A \$1.9 billion leading provider of next-day and second-day regional LTL freight services. FedEx Freight is comprised of two independent yet complementary operating companies, American Freightways and Viking Freight, known for exceptional service, reliability and on-time performance. - FedEx Customer Critical: North America's largest time-specific, critical-shipment carrier provides exclusive-use, nonstop, door-to-door delivery throughout the U.S. and Canada and within E.
Part 1Question 1You are the Chief Purchasing Officer of a .docxherbertwilson5999
Part 1
Question 1
You are the Chief Purchasing Officer of a company with World Wide Production and buying locations. Design an organizational structure that allows you to compete effectively. Describe the reporting structure, the physical placement of personnel, the placement of purchasing authority and the coordination of activities with other functional groups.
Question 2
Discuss the sources of Information available to a buyer when seeking information about potential sources of supply. When do you think it is appropriate to use different sources?
Question 3
Please Answer the following questions :
1) Provide reasons why most firms do not have an adequate supplier measurements system.
2) What is a full service supplier ? What are the benefits of using full –service suppliers?
3) Of the barriers to supplier development mentioned in this chapter, which ones are the most difficult to overcome in you opinion?
4) Why should a buyer be concerned with supplier quality performance?
5) How can early supplier design involvement contribute to higher levels of product quality?
6) What are the differences between TQM and Six sigma quality approaches?
Question 4
Please read the following case on Air Products and answer the questions at the end of the case. Please see attachment.
Question 5
Discuss whether the growth in worldwide sourcing will have a positive or negative effect over the long run in the United States. Why? What alternatives exist to world wide sourcing?
Question 6
Discuss why it is important for buyers to have knowledge of a supplier's learning rate when preparing to negotiate a purchase contract.
Question 7
Please Read both cases and respond to the case questions. Please see attached.
Case 1: Supply Chain Management at Bose Corporation (see attachment)
Case 2: Strategic Sourcing and Supply at Federal Express (see attachment}
Question 8
Discuss concept of ethics and discuss the reasons why some issues that confront a buyer are not often clear from an ethical perspective.
Question 9
Please turn in any portion of your assignment. It does not have to be complete and it can be a draft. I am only looking to see your progress.
Part 2
Project – Term Paper
· Due the last day of class:
You have been hired as a purchasing/procurement Manager for a large US based automotive manufacturer. You have been assigned the responsibility of evaluating current supplier relationships and developing relationships with new supplier for automotive parts.
Go through the process, policy and procedures to evaluate current suppliers and select new suppliers. This should include:
1) Negotiations
2) Purchasing relationships
3) Purchasing strategies
4) Insourcing and outsourcing
5) Supplier quality management
6) Supplier evaluation, selection and measurements.
Give examples of some current best practices that are being used in the economy today to evaluate and manage suppliers.
Please use standard form.
Outcome(s)
Over a one year period, the company realized savings in excess of $32M for hard cost, soft cost, cost avoidance, human capital labor, all with sustainable measures.
Each year our client initiated the Request for Proposal, best practice, and sustainable
measures implemented within a proactive and communicative centralized
procurement department.
The ATS approach, as conducted for all clients, resulted in the customized solutions
to the company’s environment, challenges, and needs. The end result not
only stopped after we completed all of these projects, but continued through the
education ATS brought, turnkey and automated software systems, data intelligence
for vendor sourcing, and up to licenses, contracts, and agreements.
The most significant impact to this company was the teamwork that started occurring
as a result of ATS recommendations being implemented within the company.
From the involvement, came ideas, which resulted in applied actions and
solutions, and actual ownership. This entire change management process helped
the teams in this company to sustain the savings, efficiencies, compliance, vendor
management and evaluation, continued best practice and SOPs changes as the
company continued to excel in growth, more than doubling in revenues, additions
of new enterprises, and the train the trainer model.
Last minute preparations for SFTR: What still needs to be done and are we ready?Leigh Hill
The regulation clock is ticking. Financial firms, especially those subject to Phase I of implementation, are well aware of the impending April 2020 deadline for the Securities Financing Transactions Regulation. The question is, are they ready?
Tactical, i.e painful, approaches to compliance won’t be good enough. A strategic plan of attack is necessary to combat the complex nature of this regulation. If the mandated dual reporting of SFTs at the repository level requirement as well as the challenges around the use of LEIs when identifying counter parties are not enough, the 155 data fields and data quality standards are sure to cause firms to stumble if not well prepared.
This webinar will discuss the latest updates to the regulation, including ESMA’s recent 12 month LEI grace period allowance for third country issuers. It will provide guidance on how to optimise reporting that will not only be compliant, but also provide business and operational benefits. While regulators are looking to increase transparency; the right tools, processes and technologies will ensure your organisation can also reduce risks, costs and increase efficiency.
Register for this webinar to find out:
-Update of requirements of Securities Financing Transactions Regulation
-Importance of high quality data
-Beneficial outcomes of compliance
-Technology and partner solutions to support compliance
Financial Due Diligence via Operational Perspective | Co-Authors Steve Koinis...Tom Atwood
Having diverse subject matter expertise on hand can benefit Deal Teams - starting at indication of interest (IOI), to diligence, and all the way to post-close value creation.
Part 1Question 1You are the Chief Purchasing Officer of a .docxherbertwilson5999
Part 1
Question 1
You are the Chief Purchasing Officer of a company with World Wide Production and buying locations. Design an organizational structure that allows you to compete effectively. Describe the reporting structure, the physical placement of personnel, the placement of purchasing authority and the coordination of activities with other functional groups.
Question 2
Discuss the sources of Information available to a buyer when seeking information about potential sources of supply. When do you think it is appropriate to use different sources?
Question 3
Please Answer the following questions :
1) Provide reasons why most firms do not have an adequate supplier measurements system.
2) What is a full service supplier ? What are the benefits of using full –service suppliers?
3) Of the barriers to supplier development mentioned in this chapter, which ones are the most difficult to overcome in you opinion?
4) Why should a buyer be concerned with supplier quality performance?
5) How can early supplier design involvement contribute to higher levels of product quality?
6) What are the differences between TQM and Six sigma quality approaches?
Question 4
Please read the following case on Air Products and answer the questions at the end of the case. Please see attachment.
Question 5
Discuss whether the growth in worldwide sourcing will have a positive or negative effect over the long run in the United States. Why? What alternatives exist to world wide sourcing?
Question 6
Discuss why it is important for buyers to have knowledge of a supplier's learning rate when preparing to negotiate a purchase contract.
Question 7
Please Read both cases and respond to the case questions. Please see attached.
Case 1: Supply Chain Management at Bose Corporation (see attachment)
Case 2: Strategic Sourcing and Supply at Federal Express (see attachment}
Question 8
Discuss concept of ethics and discuss the reasons why some issues that confront a buyer are not often clear from an ethical perspective.
Question 9
Please turn in any portion of your assignment. It does not have to be complete and it can be a draft. I am only looking to see your progress.
Part 2
Project – Term Paper
· Due the last day of class:
You have been hired as a purchasing/procurement Manager for a large US based automotive manufacturer. You have been assigned the responsibility of evaluating current supplier relationships and developing relationships with new supplier for automotive parts.
Go through the process, policy and procedures to evaluate current suppliers and select new suppliers. This should include:
1) Negotiations
2) Purchasing relationships
3) Purchasing strategies
4) Insourcing and outsourcing
5) Supplier quality management
6) Supplier evaluation, selection and measurements.
Give examples of some current best practices that are being used in the economy today to evaluate and manage suppliers.
Please use standard form.
Outcome(s)
Over a one year period, the company realized savings in excess of $32M for hard cost, soft cost, cost avoidance, human capital labor, all with sustainable measures.
Each year our client initiated the Request for Proposal, best practice, and sustainable
measures implemented within a proactive and communicative centralized
procurement department.
The ATS approach, as conducted for all clients, resulted in the customized solutions
to the company’s environment, challenges, and needs. The end result not
only stopped after we completed all of these projects, but continued through the
education ATS brought, turnkey and automated software systems, data intelligence
for vendor sourcing, and up to licenses, contracts, and agreements.
The most significant impact to this company was the teamwork that started occurring
as a result of ATS recommendations being implemented within the company.
From the involvement, came ideas, which resulted in applied actions and
solutions, and actual ownership. This entire change management process helped
the teams in this company to sustain the savings, efficiencies, compliance, vendor
management and evaluation, continued best practice and SOPs changes as the
company continued to excel in growth, more than doubling in revenues, additions
of new enterprises, and the train the trainer model.
Last minute preparations for SFTR: What still needs to be done and are we ready?Leigh Hill
The regulation clock is ticking. Financial firms, especially those subject to Phase I of implementation, are well aware of the impending April 2020 deadline for the Securities Financing Transactions Regulation. The question is, are they ready?
Tactical, i.e painful, approaches to compliance won’t be good enough. A strategic plan of attack is necessary to combat the complex nature of this regulation. If the mandated dual reporting of SFTs at the repository level requirement as well as the challenges around the use of LEIs when identifying counter parties are not enough, the 155 data fields and data quality standards are sure to cause firms to stumble if not well prepared.
This webinar will discuss the latest updates to the regulation, including ESMA’s recent 12 month LEI grace period allowance for third country issuers. It will provide guidance on how to optimise reporting that will not only be compliant, but also provide business and operational benefits. While regulators are looking to increase transparency; the right tools, processes and technologies will ensure your organisation can also reduce risks, costs and increase efficiency.
Register for this webinar to find out:
-Update of requirements of Securities Financing Transactions Regulation
-Importance of high quality data
-Beneficial outcomes of compliance
-Technology and partner solutions to support compliance
Financial Due Diligence via Operational Perspective | Co-Authors Steve Koinis...Tom Atwood
Having diverse subject matter expertise on hand can benefit Deal Teams - starting at indication of interest (IOI), to diligence, and all the way to post-close value creation.
Case StudyFrancisco LeonGrantham University.docxrobert345678
Case Study
Francisco Leon
Grantham University
LOG456 Emerging Trend Supply Chain
Instructor:
Due Date:12/20/2022
CASE QUESTIONS
1. What factors help to explain why J&J historically had as many as 12 distribution centers in Europe?
· In the past, Johnson & Johnson had as many as 12 distribution centers in Europe. This was because they focused on meeting their European customers' needs and service expectations. The company emphasizes keeping a high level of service by giving customers one-day and two-day delivery. It also cuts down on time it takes to place an order and get a shipment to its destination.
2. What steps in the supply chain network design process discussed in this chapter would have been most relevant to the task faced by J&J in Europe?
These steps would have helped J&J make a good design for its supply chain network.
1. Business development and resource allocation: They can look at business data and determine what resources will be needed and how to get them and use them on time. This includes finding out what customers want and taking environmental factors into account. So, to grow their business, they need to hire more people, analyze data, and set goals. Once this is done, they can start building a team and figuring out their plans.
2. Network optimization software can help them reduce the number of distribution centers. They can also plan an audit of their supply chain, which wallow help them find places to cut costs.
3. Model baseline scenario
As is—simulate transportation in and out, build and simulate business scenarios, create an econometric financial model, and develop assumptions and constraints for the infrastructure.
4. Coming up with a plan
Defining the main scenario to be evaluated, simulating inventory assets by plan, representing operating, capital, and one-time expenses, developing a financial model by design, and addressing IT, tax, incentive, legal, and infrastructure issues. Develop a plan for transition and implementation, including a timeline, resources, funds, structure, limitations, partners, stakeholders, and a communication strategy.
3. Are there other factors that the network optimization study should have considered?
· Essential things to consider are how close you are to your customers and how much money it will cost you to get there from where you are right now. These are the factors that are most important to consider. These are the two aspects that constitute the most important aspects to take into consideration. Because the frameworks have already been established, every phase that is still to come may have already been planned out. The corporation has significant data about the costs associated with the land and the utilities. In addition to the information it possesses regarding the labor market and the supplier network, this is another area in which it excels. The company will only need to make modifications to the components of the logistics network that are the mos.
Outcome(s)
Over a one year period, the company realized savings in excess of $32M for hard
cost, soft cost, cost avoidance, human capital labor, all with sustainable measures.
Each year our client initiated the Request for Proposal, best practice, and sustainable
measures implemented within a proactive and communicative centralized
procurement department.
The ATS approach, as conducted for all clients, resulted in the customized solutions
to the company’s environment, challenges, and needs. The end result not
only stopped after we completed all of these projects, but continued through the
education ATS brought, turnkey and automated software systems, data intelligence
for vendor sourcing, and up to licenses, contracts, and agreements.
The most significant impact to this company was the teamwork that started occurring
as a result of ATS recommendations being implemented within the company.
From the involvement, came ideas, which resulted in applied actions and
solutions, and actual ownership. This entire change management process helped
the teams in this company to sustain the savings, efficiencies, compliance, vendor
management and evaluation, continued best practice and SOPs changes as the
company continued to excel in growth, more than doubling in revenues, additions
of new enterprises, and the train the trainer model.
week 4 discussion 2 phi 103Explore a legendary hoax from the Mus.docxmelbruce90096
week 4 discussion 2 phi 103
Explore a legendary hoax from the Museum of Hoaxes. Describe the elements and details of the hoax. Applying what you know about how to evaluate arguments, pretend you were presented with this hoax and outline the steps you would take to evaluate it. How does this hoax encourage critically evaluating sources of information? Explain three methods by which you can prevent yourself from being fooled by hoaxes or other sources of misinformation.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week and your posts must total at least 500 words as you address the questions noted above. Your first post must be completed by Day 3 (Thursday) and the remainder of your posts must be completed by Day 7 (Monday). You must answer all aspects of the prompt at some point during the week. Also, be sure to reply to your classmates and instructor. Try to attempt to take the conversation further by examining their claims or arguments in more depth or responding to the posts that they make to you. Keep the discussion on target and try to analyze things in as much detail as you can.
The following terms are valuable and should be committed to memory.
· Deductive
· Hoax
· Inductive
· Logical fallacy
· Sound
· Strong
· Valid
Operations and Supply Chain Management
Lecture 06
Outline – Supply Chain Mgt.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
What is SCM
Outsourcing concepts
Supply Chain Strategies
Issues and Opportunities in a Supply Chain
Measuring the performance of a Supply Chain
A Supply Chain
This supply chain includes all the interactions among suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers.
S2
S3
S2
S1
Manufacturer
Distributor(s)
Customers
Retailer(s)
Tier 3
Suppliers
Tier 2
Suppliers
Tier 1
Suppliers
Supply Chain Management
Definitions of Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management is the integration of the activities that procure materials and services, transform them into intermediate good and final products, and deliver them to customers.
Supply Chain Management deals with the management of materials, information, and financial flows in a network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers. -- Prof. Hau Lee, Stanford Supply Chain Forum
4
Outsourcing Concepts
They can be confusing…
Outsourcing: Procuring from external sources services or products that are normally part of an organization.
Offshoring: Moving a business process to a foreign country but retaining control of it.
Backsourcing: The return of business activity to the client firm. A client firm is an organization that outsources from outsource provider.
Nearshoring: Choosing an outsource provider in the home country or in a nearby country.
5
Examples
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) provides information technology for Delphi Automotive and Nextel. This is Outsourcing.
If a firm owns two production facilities, one in the home country and the other in a foreign country, and later.
Freight is a critcal component of any product supply business and is a sizeable cost. Increase your servicability and reduce costs by following this simple process
Module 4.1 - Operation management
The SENSES project co-funded by the European Union funds (ERDF and IPA)
For more information check the official website: http://www.interreg-danube.eu/senses
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...ssuserf63bd7
https://qidiantiku.com/solution-manual-for-horngrens-cost-accounting-a-managerial-emphasis-canadian-9th-edition-by-srikant-m-datar.shtml
Full download please contact u84757@protonmail.com or qidiantiku.com
The CFO realized the need for cost savings, compliance, better financial and procurement practice, and did not want to downsize some of the staff. He decided to do research and from people he knew in upper management, our name was provided.
Outcome(s)
The savings with ETR was more than $1 M annually. Our cost saving projects enabled
ETR to save staff jobs that were identified for a reduction in force or layoff!
Having worked with ETR since 2008, we are excited about other projects that will
help ETR in their cost reduction and growth. The overall cost reduction savings
will be even more due to compliance, efficiencies, and a centralized procurement
department instituted. We were able to increase effectiveness through improved
communications, instituting best practices, and centralizing procurement. We
provided a platform for proper vendor management and evaluation. ATS instituted
many new techniques that impacted the resource allocations within the company.
We implemented green sustainability methods. We trained the staff, which
empowered them to be more effective with results.
Operational Differences in International CompaniesResourcesDep.docxhopeaustin33688
Operational Differences in International Companies
Resources
Depending on whether a firm produces tangible (products that require manufacturing or processing) or intangible goods (services), its resource requirements will differ greatly.
Production management of tangible goods requires supply chain management to acquire production materials in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible. The successful management of a firm's supply chain utilizes a defined set of process and steps to acquire the resources necessary for production. This may also require operations managers to decide the degree to which they can or should use vertical integration to optimize supply chain efficiencies. Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm decides to use its own resources (by making them) or to purchase the resources from an external supplier. If a firm decides to make the resources it needs to produce its end product, it may purchase a supplier firm and take the resource production "in-house" (Backward Vertical Integration).
If a firm decides it would be best to distribute their products themselves, rather than lose the profit margins to a distributor, they may desire to purchase a distributorship and move that function "in-house" (Forward Vertical Integration).
Conversely, firms may decide that the best efficiencies for production and pricing occur when they purchase their resources for production. In this case, procurement operations are a critical facet of ensuring that resources are purchased at the most favorable terms possible. In the international marketplace, this function relies on strong multinational communications techniques and continual foreign currency analysis in order to optimize pricing. These operational decisions are complex and require astute business analysisLocation
When determining the location for an international firm's various facilities, operations managers must consider:
Country-related issues
· Resource availability - abundance and quality of workforce, raw materials, clean water, etc.
· Cost - prohibitive or supportive of locating a business in that location
· Infrastructure - technology, transportation systems, regulations
· Branding - various nations have brand images associated with them that can either enhance or diminish brand reputation
Product-related issues
· Transportation costs relative to the weight of the product can impact profitability such that a specific location is not suitable for production.
· Appropriate and efficient facility size (relative to anticipated product sales)
Government policies
· The decision to locate a facility in a foreign nation is greatly impacted by the stability of the political system.
· Tariffs and taxes can force firms to locate a facility within the borders of a nation.
· Location decisions can be influenced by economic incentives offered by certain host nations.
Operational issues
· Firms that have a low-cost strategy may locate in low-cost locations, but a f.
Integrated Receivables: 5 Critical Factors For Adoption3 Point Alliance
In this paper, we outline five critical factors for adopting an Integrated Receivables (IR) solution that would provide many benefits to companies looking to streamline receivables processing such as cash acceleration and increasing straight-through processing (STP) rates. We discuss how the payments landscape is changing for AR/AP professionals and why companies have been slow to adopt integrated receivables.
STRENGTHEN YOUR PROCUREMENT CAPABILITIES TO BETTER MEET THE NEEDS OF THE BUSI...David McDonald
Too often, Procurement organizations do not have the functional capabilities, work processes or technology needed to fully meet the objectives of the business units they support.
Following is a framework to help you assess the ‘current-state’ environment of your Procurement organization and several insights for strengthening its' capabilities.
Some protists- while true eukaryotes- do not contain mitochondria- Tru.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Some protists, while true eukaryotes, do not contain mitochondria. True False 1 point Which protist group is thought to be the common ancestor of all animals? Archaeplastida Opisthokonta Charophyta Chlorophyta 1 point Vampyrellids obtain their nutrients by thrusting a pseudopod into the interior of other cells and sucking out their contents. True False 1 point The ancestor of chromalveolates is believed to have resulted from a endosymbiotic event. 1 point Not all protist infections are bad! Noble Rot (What the heck in noble rot? B.) makes for some yummy wine. True False
.
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age- has dry skin- and scanty ha (1).docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?
.
More Related Content
Similar to Step 5 is the negotiation and supplier selection- The team sends out t.docx
Case StudyFrancisco LeonGrantham University.docxrobert345678
Case Study
Francisco Leon
Grantham University
LOG456 Emerging Trend Supply Chain
Instructor:
Due Date:12/20/2022
CASE QUESTIONS
1. What factors help to explain why J&J historically had as many as 12 distribution centers in Europe?
· In the past, Johnson & Johnson had as many as 12 distribution centers in Europe. This was because they focused on meeting their European customers' needs and service expectations. The company emphasizes keeping a high level of service by giving customers one-day and two-day delivery. It also cuts down on time it takes to place an order and get a shipment to its destination.
2. What steps in the supply chain network design process discussed in this chapter would have been most relevant to the task faced by J&J in Europe?
These steps would have helped J&J make a good design for its supply chain network.
1. Business development and resource allocation: They can look at business data and determine what resources will be needed and how to get them and use them on time. This includes finding out what customers want and taking environmental factors into account. So, to grow their business, they need to hire more people, analyze data, and set goals. Once this is done, they can start building a team and figuring out their plans.
2. Network optimization software can help them reduce the number of distribution centers. They can also plan an audit of their supply chain, which wallow help them find places to cut costs.
3. Model baseline scenario
As is—simulate transportation in and out, build and simulate business scenarios, create an econometric financial model, and develop assumptions and constraints for the infrastructure.
4. Coming up with a plan
Defining the main scenario to be evaluated, simulating inventory assets by plan, representing operating, capital, and one-time expenses, developing a financial model by design, and addressing IT, tax, incentive, legal, and infrastructure issues. Develop a plan for transition and implementation, including a timeline, resources, funds, structure, limitations, partners, stakeholders, and a communication strategy.
3. Are there other factors that the network optimization study should have considered?
· Essential things to consider are how close you are to your customers and how much money it will cost you to get there from where you are right now. These are the factors that are most important to consider. These are the two aspects that constitute the most important aspects to take into consideration. Because the frameworks have already been established, every phase that is still to come may have already been planned out. The corporation has significant data about the costs associated with the land and the utilities. In addition to the information it possesses regarding the labor market and the supplier network, this is another area in which it excels. The company will only need to make modifications to the components of the logistics network that are the mos.
Outcome(s)
Over a one year period, the company realized savings in excess of $32M for hard
cost, soft cost, cost avoidance, human capital labor, all with sustainable measures.
Each year our client initiated the Request for Proposal, best practice, and sustainable
measures implemented within a proactive and communicative centralized
procurement department.
The ATS approach, as conducted for all clients, resulted in the customized solutions
to the company’s environment, challenges, and needs. The end result not
only stopped after we completed all of these projects, but continued through the
education ATS brought, turnkey and automated software systems, data intelligence
for vendor sourcing, and up to licenses, contracts, and agreements.
The most significant impact to this company was the teamwork that started occurring
as a result of ATS recommendations being implemented within the company.
From the involvement, came ideas, which resulted in applied actions and
solutions, and actual ownership. This entire change management process helped
the teams in this company to sustain the savings, efficiencies, compliance, vendor
management and evaluation, continued best practice and SOPs changes as the
company continued to excel in growth, more than doubling in revenues, additions
of new enterprises, and the train the trainer model.
week 4 discussion 2 phi 103Explore a legendary hoax from the Mus.docxmelbruce90096
week 4 discussion 2 phi 103
Explore a legendary hoax from the Museum of Hoaxes. Describe the elements and details of the hoax. Applying what you know about how to evaluate arguments, pretend you were presented with this hoax and outline the steps you would take to evaluate it. How does this hoax encourage critically evaluating sources of information? Explain three methods by which you can prevent yourself from being fooled by hoaxes or other sources of misinformation.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week and your posts must total at least 500 words as you address the questions noted above. Your first post must be completed by Day 3 (Thursday) and the remainder of your posts must be completed by Day 7 (Monday). You must answer all aspects of the prompt at some point during the week. Also, be sure to reply to your classmates and instructor. Try to attempt to take the conversation further by examining their claims or arguments in more depth or responding to the posts that they make to you. Keep the discussion on target and try to analyze things in as much detail as you can.
The following terms are valuable and should be committed to memory.
· Deductive
· Hoax
· Inductive
· Logical fallacy
· Sound
· Strong
· Valid
Operations and Supply Chain Management
Lecture 06
Outline – Supply Chain Mgt.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
What is SCM
Outsourcing concepts
Supply Chain Strategies
Issues and Opportunities in a Supply Chain
Measuring the performance of a Supply Chain
A Supply Chain
This supply chain includes all the interactions among suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers.
S2
S3
S2
S1
Manufacturer
Distributor(s)
Customers
Retailer(s)
Tier 3
Suppliers
Tier 2
Suppliers
Tier 1
Suppliers
Supply Chain Management
Definitions of Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management is the integration of the activities that procure materials and services, transform them into intermediate good and final products, and deliver them to customers.
Supply Chain Management deals with the management of materials, information, and financial flows in a network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers. -- Prof. Hau Lee, Stanford Supply Chain Forum
4
Outsourcing Concepts
They can be confusing…
Outsourcing: Procuring from external sources services or products that are normally part of an organization.
Offshoring: Moving a business process to a foreign country but retaining control of it.
Backsourcing: The return of business activity to the client firm. A client firm is an organization that outsources from outsource provider.
Nearshoring: Choosing an outsource provider in the home country or in a nearby country.
5
Examples
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) provides information technology for Delphi Automotive and Nextel. This is Outsourcing.
If a firm owns two production facilities, one in the home country and the other in a foreign country, and later.
Freight is a critcal component of any product supply business and is a sizeable cost. Increase your servicability and reduce costs by following this simple process
Module 4.1 - Operation management
The SENSES project co-funded by the European Union funds (ERDF and IPA)
For more information check the official website: http://www.interreg-danube.eu/senses
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...ssuserf63bd7
https://qidiantiku.com/solution-manual-for-horngrens-cost-accounting-a-managerial-emphasis-canadian-9th-edition-by-srikant-m-datar.shtml
Full download please contact u84757@protonmail.com or qidiantiku.com
The CFO realized the need for cost savings, compliance, better financial and procurement practice, and did not want to downsize some of the staff. He decided to do research and from people he knew in upper management, our name was provided.
Outcome(s)
The savings with ETR was more than $1 M annually. Our cost saving projects enabled
ETR to save staff jobs that were identified for a reduction in force or layoff!
Having worked with ETR since 2008, we are excited about other projects that will
help ETR in their cost reduction and growth. The overall cost reduction savings
will be even more due to compliance, efficiencies, and a centralized procurement
department instituted. We were able to increase effectiveness through improved
communications, instituting best practices, and centralizing procurement. We
provided a platform for proper vendor management and evaluation. ATS instituted
many new techniques that impacted the resource allocations within the company.
We implemented green sustainability methods. We trained the staff, which
empowered them to be more effective with results.
Operational Differences in International CompaniesResourcesDep.docxhopeaustin33688
Operational Differences in International Companies
Resources
Depending on whether a firm produces tangible (products that require manufacturing or processing) or intangible goods (services), its resource requirements will differ greatly.
Production management of tangible goods requires supply chain management to acquire production materials in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible. The successful management of a firm's supply chain utilizes a defined set of process and steps to acquire the resources necessary for production. This may also require operations managers to decide the degree to which they can or should use vertical integration to optimize supply chain efficiencies. Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm decides to use its own resources (by making them) or to purchase the resources from an external supplier. If a firm decides to make the resources it needs to produce its end product, it may purchase a supplier firm and take the resource production "in-house" (Backward Vertical Integration).
If a firm decides it would be best to distribute their products themselves, rather than lose the profit margins to a distributor, they may desire to purchase a distributorship and move that function "in-house" (Forward Vertical Integration).
Conversely, firms may decide that the best efficiencies for production and pricing occur when they purchase their resources for production. In this case, procurement operations are a critical facet of ensuring that resources are purchased at the most favorable terms possible. In the international marketplace, this function relies on strong multinational communications techniques and continual foreign currency analysis in order to optimize pricing. These operational decisions are complex and require astute business analysisLocation
When determining the location for an international firm's various facilities, operations managers must consider:
Country-related issues
· Resource availability - abundance and quality of workforce, raw materials, clean water, etc.
· Cost - prohibitive or supportive of locating a business in that location
· Infrastructure - technology, transportation systems, regulations
· Branding - various nations have brand images associated with them that can either enhance or diminish brand reputation
Product-related issues
· Transportation costs relative to the weight of the product can impact profitability such that a specific location is not suitable for production.
· Appropriate and efficient facility size (relative to anticipated product sales)
Government policies
· The decision to locate a facility in a foreign nation is greatly impacted by the stability of the political system.
· Tariffs and taxes can force firms to locate a facility within the borders of a nation.
· Location decisions can be influenced by economic incentives offered by certain host nations.
Operational issues
· Firms that have a low-cost strategy may locate in low-cost locations, but a f.
Integrated Receivables: 5 Critical Factors For Adoption3 Point Alliance
In this paper, we outline five critical factors for adopting an Integrated Receivables (IR) solution that would provide many benefits to companies looking to streamline receivables processing such as cash acceleration and increasing straight-through processing (STP) rates. We discuss how the payments landscape is changing for AR/AP professionals and why companies have been slow to adopt integrated receivables.
STRENGTHEN YOUR PROCUREMENT CAPABILITIES TO BETTER MEET THE NEEDS OF THE BUSI...David McDonald
Too often, Procurement organizations do not have the functional capabilities, work processes or technology needed to fully meet the objectives of the business units they support.
Following is a framework to help you assess the ‘current-state’ environment of your Procurement organization and several insights for strengthening its' capabilities.
Some protists- while true eukaryotes- do not contain mitochondria- Tru.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Some protists, while true eukaryotes, do not contain mitochondria. True False 1 point Which protist group is thought to be the common ancestor of all animals? Archaeplastida Opisthokonta Charophyta Chlorophyta 1 point Vampyrellids obtain their nutrients by thrusting a pseudopod into the interior of other cells and sucking out their contents. True False 1 point The ancestor of chromalveolates is believed to have resulted from a endosymbiotic event. 1 point Not all protist infections are bad! Noble Rot (What the heck in noble rot? B.) makes for some yummy wine. True False
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Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age- has dry skin- and scanty ha (1).docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?
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Sinuses and intervertebral disks Complete the following statements to.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Sinuses and intervertebral disks Complete the following statements to explain the function of the sinuses and intervertebral disks in relation to the axial skeleton. Not all choices will be used. The intervertebral disks make the vertebral column and prevent contact between vertebrae. The disks also shock from actions like running or jumping. The sinuses, or air spaces in the cranium, are lined by a They reduce the weight of the skull and give resonant sound to the
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Suppose that thece are 23 sophomores and 20 juniors ina Uterature cuss.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose that thece are 23 sophomores and 20 juniors ina Uterature cuss. Two students are chosen at random to partecpace in a dass demorstration. Whatis the probibinty of choosing two students at random and the first is a junior and the second one is a sophomore? Aound your answer to four decimal places, it necestaty
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Suppose that the proportion of people who become infected with a disea.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose that the proportion of people who become infected with a disease after contact with a particular parasite is 0.45 . If 19 people come in contact with the parasite, what is the probability that exactly 4 of them will become infected? Write only a number as your answer and round to 4 decimal places. Your Answer: Answer
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Suppose that Kevin and Maria are the only suppliers of pieces of cake.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose that Kevin and Maria are the only suppliers of pieces of cake in some hypothetical market. Their annual supply schedules are given by the following table: On the following graph, plot Kevin's supply of pieces of cake using the green points (triangle symbol). Next, plot Maria's supply of pieces of cake using the purple points (diamond symbol). Finally, plot the market supply of pieces of cake using the orange points (square symbol). Note: Line segments will automatically connect the points. Remember to plot from left to right.
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Suppose that events E and F are independent- P(E)-0-6- and P(F)-0-8- W.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose that events E and F are independent, P ( E ) = 0.6 , and P ( F ) = 0.8 . What is the P ( E and F )? The probability P ( E and F ) is (Type an integer or a decimal.)
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Suppose that A1-A2- and B are events where A1 and A2 are mutually excl.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose that A 1 , A 2 , and B are events where A 1 and A 2 are mutually exclusive events and P ( A 1 ) = .7 P ( A 2 ) = .3 P ( B A 1 ) = .2 P ( B A 2 ) = .4 Find P ( B ) . Multiple Choice 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.26 0.60
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Simplify the following Boolean functions F with and without the don't-.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Simplify the following Boolean functions F with and without the don't-care conditions d : F ( A , B , C , D ) = m ( 0 , 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 ) , d ( A , B , C , D ) = m ( 10 , 12 , 14 )
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Suppose GDP in this country is $1-260 million- Enter the amount for co.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose GDP in this country is $1 , 260 million. Enter the amount for consumption. Complete the following toble by using national income accounting identities to calculate national saving. In your calculations, use data from the preceding table. National Saving ( S ) = Complete the following table by using national income accounting identities to calculate private and public saving. In your calculations, use data from the initial table. Private Saving = = milion
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Silicon to oxygen ratio is controlled how silica tetrahedra share oxyg.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Silicon to oxygen ratio is controlled how silica tetrahedra share oxygens within a mineral. It is one of the most important aspects of a mineral, in part because it controls (select two correct answers):
Group of answer choices
the color of a mineral
the hardness of a mineral
the melting temperature of a mineral
whether or not a mineral will react to acid
a mineral's susceptibility to weathering
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Suppose Brett and Lauren plan to defraud Mallory- Mallory- who is unaw.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Suppose Brett and Lauren plan to defraud Mallory. Mallory, who is unaware of the scheme, wites a check to Lauren, Louren negotiates. the check to Allen, who becomes an HDC through the negotiation. If Allen negotlates the check to Brett, Brett would not be an HDC because he engaged of the sheiter principle Mallory would be the only HDC of the check. Brett would be an HDC because of the shelter principle Lauren would not be an HOC because she engaged in the fravd
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suming the population is roughly symmetric- construct a 95- confidence.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
suming the population is roughly symmetric, construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean savings in dollars for a televisit to the doctor as opposed to an office visit. (Round your answers to the nearest cent, to $
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Sumpert Actimily Coet Allocation Haraerante activity- A- Au che atern.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Sumpert Actimily Coet Allocation Haraerante activity. A. Au che atern A. segaare teet. L. Hunter of nervoe calls c Mactura Tarirs 4. Asnet ralun ef osepmene Maintanance cust allocatian: laniteriat cost allocatione a. It is comples, but mare accutate. bi tt con tie practiced af the company has sutioent resourcer and capaciey. E. The emipler cos allocation methods are less accurate. di) All tie above.
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Sudan IV is a dye that detects the presence of lipids due to the fact.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Sudan IV is a dye that detects the presence of lipids due to the fact that opposites attract since sudan V is hydrophobic and lipids are hydrophilic. sudan IV and lipids are both hydroghobic and interact with each other. sudan IV and lipids are both hydrophilic and interact with each other. opposites attract since sudan IV is hydrophilic and lipids are hydrophobic.
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Some bacteria form endospores in response to --- A- sterilization- B- (1).docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Some bacteria form endospores in response to ... A. sterilization. B. the abundance of nutrients. C. viral infection. D. the presence of their host. E. depletion of nutrients. What is the correct order of structures that are involved in the production and transport of proteins that will be secreted? A. ribosomes-rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus-secretory vesicles B. ribosomes-Golgi apparatus-rough endoplasmic reticulum-lysosomes C. ribosomes-smooth endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus-nucleus D. nucleus-secretory vesicles-lysosomes-Golgi apparatus E. Golgi apparatus-transitional vesicles-ribosomes-lysosomes How are viruses classified? a. They are prokaryotes. b. They are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. c. They are prokaryotes in early stages of their life cycle, and eukaryotes in late stages. d. They are eukaryotes. What is the general function of the plasma membrane? A. To enable cell movement. B. To provide structural support and shape due to its rigidity. C. To synthesize and store lipids. D. To provide protection and adherence of cells to surfaces. E. To select what gets into and out of the cell. Which of the following statements about archaea is correct? A. Archaea are not bacteria because they are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria. B. Archaea are a type of fungi that live deep underground. C. Archaea are a type of eukaryotic organism. D. Archaea belong to cyanobacteria E. Archaea are a type of bacteria that Ive in extreme environments. Genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is present in the nucleus in the form of A. hyphae. B. vesicles. C. plasmid. D. chromatin. E. histones.
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Still in the Solow Model with no population growth and no productivity.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Still in the Solow Model with no population growth and no productivity growth, what is the percentage change in the steady state level of capital in response to the following policy changes (each of them in isolation)? Derive the result both for a general as well as assuming = 1/3 . 1 (a) A 10% increase in the saving rate (say, from 0.2 to 0.22 ). (b) A 1% increase in TFP. (c) A 10% increase in the depreciation rate (say from 0.1 to 0.11 ). (d) A 10% increase in population size.
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Stenback Company Flexible Budget Performance Report For the Year Ended.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
Stenback Company Flexible Budget Performance Report For the Year Ended July 31, 2018 Stenback Company managers received the following incomplete performance report: Click the icon to view the incomplete performance report.) Complete the performance report. Identify the employee group that may deserve praise and the group that may be subject to criticism. Give your reasoring.
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state true and false a-Although there are some exceptions- species ri.docxMichaeld8jMillerh
state true and false
a.Although there are some exceptions, species richness generally rises as you get closer to the equator. For instance, New Zealand has an extraordinarily high species richness.
b. In marine systems, trawling affects benthic habitat, or habitat on the sea floor. We could forecast the effects on extinction rates if we knew how diverse the present communities were and how much benthic habitat was being lost or degraded.
c.Extinction debt is the price that human society pay for the extinction of species.
d. Species with comparable ecological functions boost biodiversity less than species with distinct roles.
e.This is an example of a comparison that is not appropriate: brightly colored birds are more likely to be seen, which causes estimates of their population size to be higher than for dull birds.
f.Due to extinction debt, the rate of extinction is probably going to slow down during the next 50 years.
g. In American rivers, freshwater fish species are being protected. One way that the habitat of these species may have become more separated is through the construction of dams.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Step 5 is the negotiation and supplier selection- The team sends out t.docx
1. Step 5 is the negotiation and supplier selection. The team sends out the RFP, negotiates with
suppliers, and selects Fed Ex. supplier(s). The Center Led Sourcing process includes documented
business cases that are Step 6 Once the team has made the selection, they need to do the
integration. This is done by applying the Ariba toolset scrutinized by Stakeholders, Legal, and
Finance and approved by the FedEx with the supplier, and identifying integration conflicts to be
solved to make the contract workable. Corporation Sourcing Council Step 7 Benchmark the
supply market - on-going monitoring of the supplier(s) through the FedEx Supplier Scorecard
system. Fed Ex. ILLUSTRATIVE The sourcing process applies a rigorous, proven methodology
to categories selected during an opportunity diagnostic Two aspects of how this is done are
important: first, a central sourcing group leads company-by-company specific sourcing
initiatives. This is a team of sourcing analysts who lead these sourcing initiatives, and once they
get through the process - this hands off from the sourcing advisor to a supply chain associate.
These associates are spend-category associated (e.g. aircraft components, IT contracts, etc.)
Their role is to take the arrangement with the supplier and ensure that it is implemented and see
that it goes on within that marketplace. They are responsible for completing the scorecard with
the supplier to ensure that it is completed thoroughly and accurately. This handoff occurs in Step
6 during integration. (available as supplementary material of the textbook Monczka, R. et al.
Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, South-western/Cengage Learning) FedEx is much
more than your typical air express carrier Background - Federal Express FedEx Corporation is a
$20 billion market leader in transportation, information, and logistics solutions, providing
strategic direction to the five main operating companies. These include: - FedEx Express: The
world's largest express transportation company. Leveraging its unmatched air route authorities
and extensive air/ground infrastructure, FedEx Express connects markets, within just 1 to 2
business days that comprise 90% of the world's economic activity. FedEx Ground: North
America's second-largest ground carrier for business-to-business small-package delivery.
Provider of innovative new residential delivery service - FedEx Home Delivery - in key U.S.
cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs FedEx
Freight: A $1.9 billion leading provider of next-day and second-day regional LTL freight
services. FedEx Freight is comprised of two independent yet complementary operating
companies, American Freightways and Viking Freight, known for exceptional service, reliability
and on-time performance. - FedEx Customer Critical: North America's largest time-specific,
critical-shipment carrier provides exclusive-use, nonstop, door-to-door delivery throughout the
U.S. and Canada and within Europe - 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. FedEx Trade Networks: A
full-service customs brokerage, trade consulting, and e-clearance solutions organization designed
to speed shipments through customs using advanced e-commerce programs. - FedEx Services:
Provides customer access to the full range of FedEx transportation, logistics, e-commerce and
information services by integrating sales, marketing and information technology The Sourcing
Process FedEx Center-Led Initiative FedEx established a seven step sourcing process. Prior to
the purchase of the Ground, Freight, and other non-express based services, Federal Express had
re-organized all Step 1: First step is an assessment of the category that profiles that industry and
commodity. The team will ensure that been focusing on leveraging sourcing and contracting for
all of the Fedex family of companies. For office supplies, instead procurement will happen. It is
central for the larger spend areas, and different policy requirements. they need to maintain
existing relationship and re-visit negotiation, develop a strategy regarding the sourcing strategy.
FedEx Express, but is slowly being migrated across all of the operating companies. a list of who
they would like to send RFP's to. The team will conduct a supplier portfolio analysis. Step 4 A
2. second phase of this implementation pass is to re-visit this strategy, and have the team take
another look at it have they uncovered something that will cause them to change negotiation -
they develop a strategy for negotiation, do they want to use a reverse auction or use a
conventional RFP, as well as criteria for supplier evaluation. Is this still something they want to
do? There is also a set of reviews that takes place within the sourcing process. When the team
arrives at the fifth stage, one Ariba, but also responsible for updating pricing changes. This poses
a challenge to the organization: should individuals of the requirements is that they define the
business case for the strategy. The team will summarize the work done in the focus on the day
in- day out functioning of the contract? Do they get involved in strategy-level work? How do
they get initiative - business case goes into an extensive review. Initially, it goes to finance and
legal - and validate assertions of involved in strategic-level issues? Associates are responsible for
keeping track of what is happening in that market - so Sourcing Officer. The council will review
and/or reject the strategy for additional work, or approve it. If they approve, the a good deal of
coordination work between the supplier and the engineering group. The challenge of how to
skill/deskill council has an obligation to help the sourcing team implement it. They have some
strong advocates to help with the associates in this area remains problematic. implementation and
ensure compliance with the terms of the agreements. Business Rules: Controlling Maverick
Spend through EProcurement Dollar thresholds on deals that go to the sourcing council tend to
be larger dollar items, or also occur when there is an impact based on the nature of spend, or
level of impact on the brand image or other areas. Fuels, contract trucking (more There are
several different avenues regarding how purchasing occurs across FedEx. From a services
perspective, there than $10 million range) goes to the Sourcing Council. Things like a change in
the nature of the supplier for FedEx boxes may be several different purchase methods. For a
product purchase, there are currently three different methods of buying involving a specification
change may not necessarily provide a big cost impact ( $2 M cost savings) but may go before the
that prevail across all of the operating companies. council for other reasons (to ensure it doesn't
affect other things such as market image or customer preferences). This is a largely a judgment
call on the part of the Chief Sourcing Officer (Edith Kelly-Green). 1. The most simple is a
convenience purchase - an individual goes into a local store and buys something on their badge,
FedEx does not have any Service Level Agreements in place. They have informal agreements -
each of the SC groups has takes the invoice back to their manager, and sent in for a repayment.
There is not a lot of control, and the manager MUST a director, matrixed to the primary user vice
president. Facilities director is matrixed with the VP of Properties and give approval prior to
purchase. Facilities - dotted line reporting relationship. 2. The next area (preferred) is the Ariba
buyer system. This is set up so that users have an online catalog for contracts Supplier Scorecard
that are in place - several thousand office supplies are established on the catalog. Requisitioners
can find they want, and For the scorecard, FedEx has employed a generic scorecard that pertains
to most of the supply relationships - they have once submitted, it is bounced against a purchase
approval policy. the capability to add some unique metrics (see Appendix). The SCM group
determines the threshold limits for the For example, if a FedEx associate needs a PC in their
area, they will select a PC online, and requisition it. Depending on scorecard - but most items are
NOT part of the contract. Instead, the scorecard is viewed as a way to manage the the threshold,
they may need a supervisor's authorization, and may need a higher level as well. If the spend
goes into relationship, and award future business. An SCM associate will manage the
performance assessment for a given supplier, capital range, there are another set of approval
rules to ensure that people who approve capital purchases sign off. The and convert it into a
3. score of 1 through 5 based on available data and input from user groups. process also draws on
the business rules from the IT group, which may be contradictory in some cases. Business rules
can be enforced within the Ariba Buyer system depending on the category of spend taking place.
The idea behind the scorecard was to adopt a methodology that could be applied to compare
"apples to apples" across the supply base. Associates tasked with managing the supplier are
given the authority regarding where to draw the lines Fed Ex. - relating percentage weights to
different elements of the scorecard, and converting it to a 1 through 5 metric. The user Supply
chain technology solutions complement the Center Led Sourcing process requirements are
incorporated into the contract through the statement of work. Factors that may or may not be
included enabling greater savings, improved data management, and transaction processing in a
specific scorecard may include the following: overall strategy, resources, customer service
responsibility, gratis service at ' e ' speed number of complaints, post sales support, knowledge of
Fedex, of product, upgrades, return time on warranty, bad from stock items (don't meet quality),
certification, cost trends, discrepancy rate, financial stability, mean time between failures, on-
time delivery, delivery cycle time, cycle time improvement, their use of diverse suppliers,
frequency of value of cost reductions, etc. These items are tied into the scorecard, with SCM
associate responsible for converting raw data and input from users into a score based on the
supplier's performance associated with that contract. The scorecard is tied to certain business
rules. If the score on a scorecard becomes very low, FedEx has established different
stratifications for the scorecard. If they fall below 350 on the scorecard, then the team will
seriously re-evaluate their supply strategy in that market. This occurs particularly at the end of
certain agreements. There are no specific criteria on guidelines, other than monitoring the
scorecard and re-evaluating it on a periodic basis as necessary. The decision tends to come up on
a three-year cycle, which is when most commodity groups are re-evaluated by a sourcing team.
Each category has a sourcing evaluation approximately every three years, with most contracts
lasting three years with an option for a three-year extension. This can vary; for example, on PC's
Fedex will re-visit the strategy much more frequently, because the dynamics of that market
change much more frequently. The nature of what PC purchases may change over the course of a
single year! Supplier management is based on the SCM teams and individuals that have been
established for each role. For each supplier and contract, there is an individual assigned
responsibility for managing that relationship. There is rarely just one supplier - but often there is
only one FedEx associate responsible for all ground support, janitorial contracts, etc. Their job is
a mixture of strategic and tactical elements. For example, an associate may be responsible for
catalog updates into The value of this approach is that if FedEx supply management establishes a
change on the control levels, it is easy to do. For example, if the CEO mandates a spending
freeze (i.e. "No PC's without VP level approval"), SCM can change the Continuing, this
associate commented that "The approach to influence business units through the Sourcing
Council is less business rules on the system. (SCM does not handle travel authorization, although
it has that capability. FedEx is tied in of an autocratic approach, but has been moving more to a
mandate approach. In the past this has been done on a product with airline agreements, so the
nature of travel agreements are based on a different set of contracts.) FedEx also has by product
area basis, but the level of maturity of the program we have had in place is increasing. PC's have
been on Ariba another information system for temp labor, contract programmers (ELAMS). The
Elams system allows online requisition for some time, so there hasn't been a lot of volatility with
respect to who they buy from. It has been taken to a mandate can come back and tell them that
they are only going to pay at a certain rate and for certain hours based on performance. with their
4. own personal funds! (This has been announced, but not yet deployed!) This enables users to
control the type of person that they actually pay for (in the past, this wouldn't catch this until
much later in the process). Different mandates have gone out with different people. How do you
determine if something is worth addressing at all, or worth putting a strategy around? There is a
dollar criteria - is it worth putting a resource on this initiative? In presenting All of FedEx's
spending is indirect - due to the nature of their business. A lot of their focus is on indirect
materials. the sourcing process, there are different levels on how extensive the process should be.
If FedEx has large spend in a items tends to be something that is based on how much they know
about the company they are purchasing from, and the sourcing initiative done by the Supply
Chain group. length of our contract with them. They have a consolidated contract with paper, so
they have good data on this spend. On MRO, they have only done our first set of national
contracts, it has been out of control for us, it is difficult to get a System tools can really help in
this area. We need to ensure that a solid business case is put together before presenting codes and
understand what is represented by that spend. for receipts. Users must follow-through on
receiving of goods at many different geographic locations worldwide; yet Ariba Buyer can
ensure compliance. When an order is received, users have an obligation to enter it into the
system, which FedEx will often do an RFI before they initiate the sourcing process. One of the
first things they will do is get a handle on generates an acknowledgement and an invoice
matching on the system. If an individual does not receive it, Ariba will our accounts payable
information, who are the largest suppliers, and please give us your sales to FedEx with
information develop email reminders that will escalate eventually to senior management. on line
items. They are doing that with MRO, and have contracts established with MRO contracts. If it
goes through Ariba, they have great information on that. Moving Forward Areas where they have
had the most problems are with convenience purchases (Joe Mechanic buys it over the counter at
Most of the sourcing dashboards to measure performance going forward are primarily cost-
focused based metrics. The convenience purchase problems. initiatives. Convenience purchases
are still not well controlled. Because of the diversity and geographic dispersity of FedEx
locations, The associate concluded: "One of the biggest challenges in the Center-Led Initiative
is: How to get people involved? it is still the most popular and easiest way of buying things. This
has been a problem within the operations side of the FedEx had an extensive communications
campaign where the strategy is communicated to people, including the longbusiness, who insist
that the sheer simplicity of the process is a good reason for them to continue with the status quo
term vision on where FedEx SCM is headed in the longer term. Within the original FedEx
organization, there were not Convenience purchases has, however, become a number that has
grown and caught the attention of senior management. dramatic changes in how things were
being done. However, for each of the new operating companies acquired, we are The individual
transactions are low, but many, many transactions, particularly in the MRO area, have grown to
epidemic still going through a transition period in which we are allowing people to continue
doing business through localized transactions. standpoint. Many of the newly acquired operating
companies have not done this type of communication, training in core Guidelines for Controlling
Maverick Spend supply chain skills, and other elements. Most of these people are totally
unfamiliar with the seven-step process. Making this change is probably going to be our biggest
challenge in the next five years." Although FedEx has not yet established a defined spend limit
for all categories, certain category limits have been deployed. Prepared by Robert B. Handfield,
North Carolina State University In office supplies, 60% compliance was the initial number, with
a target of 80% first year, (achieved 78% compliance in 2002). This was a concerted effort to go
5. after businesses that were not complying. One SCM associate noted that "If our corporate
program is at Corporate Express, it is easy to see when the spend is going to Office Depot.
Getting support from business people was key in reducing maverick spend. It started off with
having SCM people responsible for that area make some calls to purchasers that were using
different suppliers. Depending on the nature of their response, different actions would follow. In
many cases, the problem may have arisen due to a training issue, as people didn't know how to
use Ariba. In other cases, people had a competitive purchase, and didn't wan't to go through
Ariba to purchase those items."