The document provides environmental standards for discharge of pollutants into various receiving environments. It includes:
- General effluent standards for 19 parameters for discharge into inland surface waters, public sewers, and marine/coastal areas.
- Wastewater generation standards specifying the expected wastewater generation for various industries.
- Load based standards specifying limits on pollutants per unit of production for some industries.
- Concentration based emission standards for 11 parameters from stacks and equipment.
- Noise standards for automobiles and construction/industrial equipment.
The standards are meant to minimize environmental impacts and protect receiving water quality for various uses. Industries are expected to employ best practices
This document provides information on gas purifiers from Greyhound Chromatography that are designed to remove contaminants from carrier gases used in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It describes cartridge-style gas purifiers that contain adsorbent-packed filters in polycarbonate housings connected to base plates for easy filter replacement. Individual filters are available to remove oxygen, moisture, or hydrocarbons. Combination filters remove multiple contaminants. Larger "Big Trap" purifiers are also described. The document explains how purifiers improve analysis quality by reducing baseline noise, column degradation, and other issues caused by contaminated gases.
This document provides information on the production of single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer. It discusses the raw materials used, including rock phosphate and sulfuric acid. The production process involves acidulation of rock phosphate using sulfuric acid in a den, followed by scrubbing, granulation, drying, and screening. Process flow diagrams and material balances are presented. Equipment used is also described. The document evaluates capital costs, production costs, profitability, and provides a HAZOP analysis for the feeder.
Oils and their relationship to refrigeration systems -RETA conference 2015Manuel Muñoz Alonso
This document summarizes a presentation on lubricants used in refrigeration systems. It discusses different lubricant types and their properties, compatibility with common refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons. It also provides a case study on monitoring the condition of an alkylbenzene lubricant used in an ammonia system over several years, finding the lubricant maintained its properties with no degradation and wear particles stabilized after an initial increase.
1. The document discusses treatment methods for industrial wastewater from the El Nasr Petroleum Company in Egypt, which contains high levels of phenolic compounds (naphtha) that exceed legal discharge limits.
2. Jar tests were conducted to determine the optimal doses of ferrous sulfate (Fe2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and remove phenols.
3. The optimum treatment conditions found were a Fe2+ dose of 0.8 g/L, H2O2 dose of 65 ml/L, pH of 9.5-10.5, and a 30 minute reaction time, which reduced COD levels from over 8,
2019 2020 rocker product guide en-190218ЛВС компания
Rocker Scientific Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer of professional vacuum filtration solutions established in 2007. It has over 10,000 laboratories using its products in more than 70 countries. Rocker Scientific focuses on R&D, manufacturing, and distribution of vacuum pumps, filtration systems, and related accessories for laboratories and industries. It ensures quality compliance with certifications like ISO 9001 and CE. The company aims to provide safe, efficient, and eco-friendly solutions through continuous innovation.
Steel mill services for electric arc furnace steelmakersSteve Baines
This document provides an overview of Harsco Corporation and the engineered solutions it provides for electric steelmakers. Harsco is a global industrial services company with market leading positions in metals and minerals processing. It offers a range of services to steelmakers including scrap management and processing, transportation of molten steel and products, metal recovery from slag and waste, and recycling of byproducts. The services are aimed at helping steelmakers optimize costs, productivity and environmental sustainability. Harsco tailors its solutions to individual customer needs and uses technology and best practices shared globally to continuously improve services.
This document provides information on gas purifiers from Greyhound Chromatography that are designed to remove contaminants from carrier gases used in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It describes cartridge-style gas purifiers that contain adsorbent-packed filters in polycarbonate housings connected to base plates for easy filter replacement. Individual filters are available to remove oxygen, moisture, or hydrocarbons. Combination filters remove multiple contaminants. Larger "Big Trap" purifiers are also described. The document explains how purifiers improve analysis quality by reducing baseline noise, column degradation, and other issues caused by contaminated gases.
This document provides information on the production of single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer. It discusses the raw materials used, including rock phosphate and sulfuric acid. The production process involves acidulation of rock phosphate using sulfuric acid in a den, followed by scrubbing, granulation, drying, and screening. Process flow diagrams and material balances are presented. Equipment used is also described. The document evaluates capital costs, production costs, profitability, and provides a HAZOP analysis for the feeder.
Oils and their relationship to refrigeration systems -RETA conference 2015Manuel Muñoz Alonso
This document summarizes a presentation on lubricants used in refrigeration systems. It discusses different lubricant types and their properties, compatibility with common refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons. It also provides a case study on monitoring the condition of an alkylbenzene lubricant used in an ammonia system over several years, finding the lubricant maintained its properties with no degradation and wear particles stabilized after an initial increase.
1. The document discusses treatment methods for industrial wastewater from the El Nasr Petroleum Company in Egypt, which contains high levels of phenolic compounds (naphtha) that exceed legal discharge limits.
2. Jar tests were conducted to determine the optimal doses of ferrous sulfate (Fe2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and remove phenols.
3. The optimum treatment conditions found were a Fe2+ dose of 0.8 g/L, H2O2 dose of 65 ml/L, pH of 9.5-10.5, and a 30 minute reaction time, which reduced COD levels from over 8,
2019 2020 rocker product guide en-190218ЛВС компания
Rocker Scientific Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer of professional vacuum filtration solutions established in 2007. It has over 10,000 laboratories using its products in more than 70 countries. Rocker Scientific focuses on R&D, manufacturing, and distribution of vacuum pumps, filtration systems, and related accessories for laboratories and industries. It ensures quality compliance with certifications like ISO 9001 and CE. The company aims to provide safe, efficient, and eco-friendly solutions through continuous innovation.
Steel mill services for electric arc furnace steelmakersSteve Baines
This document provides an overview of Harsco Corporation and the engineered solutions it provides for electric steelmakers. Harsco is a global industrial services company with market leading positions in metals and minerals processing. It offers a range of services to steelmakers including scrap management and processing, transportation of molten steel and products, metal recovery from slag and waste, and recycling of byproducts. The services are aimed at helping steelmakers optimize costs, productivity and environmental sustainability. Harsco tailors its solutions to individual customer needs and uses technology and best practices shared globally to continuously improve services.
The document specifies requirements for a fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) boat to be used for hydrological measurements. The boat must be capable of operating safely and reliably in shallow water. It should have a sturdy hull, floatation chambers, and be unsinkable with adequate stability. The boat will include a cabin with seating and windows, work space on the deck, and will be powered by two outboard engines operated by a remote control system. It may optionally include an instrument well inside the boat for transducers.
The document describes specifications for a Digital Water Level Recorder (DWLR) that is used to record water level readings over time. Key points:
- The DWLR must reliably record water levels using a pressure sensor, compensate for ambient air pressure, have a short settling time, and not require a stilling well.
- It stores over 20,000 readings with date/time stamps in non-volatile memory. Data can be retrieved through an interface to a laptop.
- The DWLR is expected to operate accurately for at least 10 years on standard lithium batteries, recording levels every 1 hour (adjustable).
The document specifies requirements for a cup-type current meter used to measure water velocity and discharge in rivers and canals. It must operate reliably under flow conditions, be easy to use, and include accessories for deployment. Key components are a 6-cup sensor measuring velocities from 0.05-3.5 m/s, various suspension methods including wading rods or cables, and fish weights from 25-100kg for suspended use. Accessories like tools, spare parts, and carrying cases must also be provided.
This document provides information about a training module on absorption spectroscopy. It discusses the World Bank and Government of the Netherlands funding a training program in New Delhi, India. The document includes an introduction to absorption spectroscopy, outlines the module context and profile, presents a session plan and materials including overhead masters, and discusses measuring various water quality parameters using a spectrophotometer.
The document describes specifications for a Digital Water Level Recorder (DWLR) that uses a bubbler system to measure and record water levels over time. Key points:
- The DWLR uses a pressure sensor and bubbler system to measure water levels, compensating for ambient air pressure. It records readings hourly or in adjustable intervals.
- It is designed to operate reliably under field conditions for 10+ years, requiring battery replacement every 6 months at most.
- Recorded data containing time, date, and station info is stored and can be retrieved through an interface to a laptop.
- Specifications include accuracy of 0.1% or better, non-volatile memory to store 10,
This document provides guidance on using the area-slope method to estimate stream discharge indirectly when direct measurement is not possible. It describes the principles and steps of the area-slope method, including selecting a study reach, measuring the cross-sectional area and water surface slope, evaluating velocity using Manning's formula, and computing discharge. Guidelines are given for selecting sites, measuring cross-sections and slope, determining roughness coefficients, and performing calculations. The area-slope method provides a rough estimate of discharge but has limitations due to uncertainties in roughness coefficients.
This document provides information on a training module about major ions in water. It includes an introduction to the module, a module profile, session plan, overheads and masters, evaluation sheets, and handouts. The module aims to help participants understand the major ions found in water and their sources, how to characterize water samples based on ion concentrations, the water quality consequences of different ions, and the technique of ion balancing to assess water quality. The session covers topics such as hardness, sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, and residual sodium carbonate as ways to evaluate water for irrigation use.
The document summarizes the Hydrology Project - II being implemented by the Central Ground Water Board. It provides details on project costs, expenditures, activities completed and in progress. Key points:
- Total project cost has increased from original Rs. 27.95 crore to Rs. 66.32 crore as per revised cost estimates. Expenditure so far is Rs. 38.45 crore against a target of Rs. 51.64 crore.
- Activities include upgrading hardware, procuring software, conducting training programs, pilot aquifer mapping studies, piezometer construction, and developing a decision support system.
- The pilot aquifer mapping studies have characterized aquifer systems in six areas and
This document specifies requirements for a portable echo-sounder to be used for manual depth measurement from a boat at gauging stations. Key requirements include: operating reliably in sediment-laden rivers/canals, easy to operate/maintain, 10+ year lifetime, accuracy within 0.2% of range, depth display up to 50m, battery or car battery power, and accessories like a car battery charger. The echo-sounder should suppress surface and multiple echoes to display actual water depth.
The document summarizes the occurrence and distribution of high arsenic contamination in groundwater in India. It notes that arsenic contamination above 0.05 mg/L affects states like West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and Chhattisgarh. West Bengal is the worst affected area, with 79 blocks in 8 districts showing arsenic levels above permissible limits. Within West Bengal, the most contaminated districts are Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas. The document provides a table listing specific blocks within West Bengal districts with their maximum reported arsenic concentrations. Overall, about 162.6 lakh people in West Bengal live in areas at risk
This document is an application form for permission to abstract groundwater for infrastructure projects from the Central Ground Water Authority. It requests information about the proposed infrastructure project including location details, land use, water requirements and sources, rainwater harvesting plans, and details of existing and proposed groundwater extraction structures. The applicant must provide comprehensive information on local groundwater conditions and quality, and certify that all information submitted is true to the best of their knowledge. Incomplete applications will be rejected.
This document provides background information on India's water resources and national water policy for a consultation meeting on reviewing the policy. It discusses India's water resources potential and achievements in irrigation, drinking water, hydropower, and flood management. It also outlines projections for increased future water requirements and challenges facing the water sector like declining per capita availability and groundwater overexploitation. The document reviews the key features of the current 2002 National Water Policy and status of state-level policies. It identifies issues to be discussed during the policy review consultation meeting.
This document provides information on measuring ammonia and organic nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method, including:
1) An overview of the nitrogen cycle and how ammonia and organic nitrogen influence water quality.
2) A description of the Kjeldahl method which involves distilling ammonia for titration and digesting organic nitrogen to convert it to ammonia.
3) Details of a sample experiment to measure ammonia and organic nitrogen in various water samples using the Kjeldahl method.
This document provides information on oxygen balance in surface waters. It discusses the importance of dissolved oxygen, factors that affect oxygen saturation levels such as temperature and salinity, and the main processes that add or deplete oxygen in surface waters. These include reaeration from the air, photosynthesis by plants, and oxidation of organic matter. The document also presents the typical dissolved oxygen sag curve that occurs when organic matter is discharged into a river and oxygen is depleted before recovering through reaeration.
The document outlines specifications for a hydrographic echo-sounder used to measure water depth in reservoirs and rivers. The echo-sounder is required to operate reliably under various environmental conditions, measure depths accurately from 0.3 to 200 meters, digitally display and record readings, and transmit data to a controlling PC for collection and analysis. It must also be durable, easy to use and maintain, and have a lifespan of at least 10 years.
This document outlines general standards for discharge of environmental pollutants from various industries into different types of receiving waters and environments. It includes concentration-based standards and load/mass-based standards for parameters like pH, temperature, total suspended solids, oil and grease, and other chemicals. It also provides waste water generation standards for different industries, specifying the maximum quantity of waste water that can be discharged per tonne of output. Finally, it lists emission standards for air pollutants including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, mercury and other chemicals.
This document outlines standards for various pollutants in effluents and emissions from different industries. It includes four parts:
Part A lists parameter standards for discharge of effluents into different receiving waters. It includes standards for 38 parameters.
Part B lists waste water generation standards for 11 industries, specifying the maximum quantity of waste water discharged per unit of production.
Part C lists load-based standards for two industries, specifying the maximum quantity of pollutants allowed per 1000 tonnes of raw materials processed.
Part D outlines general emission standards, including concentration-based standards for 11 air pollutants, stack height requirements for sulphur dioxide emissions, and load/mass-based standards for particulate
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
This document discusses catalytic converters and their role in reducing vehicle emissions. It notes that catalytic converters use precious metals to convert harmful exhaust gases like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into less harmful emissions. Stricter emission standards over time have led to advances in catalytic converter design and materials. The document provides details on the components and chemical reactions that occur in both two-way and three-way catalytic converters.
Membrane bio reactor- Waste water treatmentakalankar
The document discusses MBR (membrane bioreactor) wastewater treatment technology. MBR combines microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes with a suspended growth bioreactor. It provides advantages over conventional activated sludge processes like higher quality effluent, less sludge production, and shorter retention times. Industrial Solutions Lanka has experience designing and implementing MBR systems for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants. Their project for a Morison facility treating 80 m3/day of wastewater achieved over 99% COD reduction using an MBR system.
This document summarizes the characteristics and polluting effects of textile organic dyes, and procedures for separating and eliminating them from industrial effluents. It discusses that textile dyeing is a major source of organic water pollution worldwide. Textile dyes are recalcitrant and can remain in the environment for long periods. The document outlines the classification and characteristics of natural and synthetic textile dyes. It also describes common textile processing steps that generate large volumes of contaminated wastewater containing dyes, chemicals, and other pollutants. Current treatment methods aim to remove over 70% of contaminants like COD, BOD, dyes before wastewater discharge to meet environmental standards.
The document specifies requirements for a fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) boat to be used for hydrological measurements. The boat must be capable of operating safely and reliably in shallow water. It should have a sturdy hull, floatation chambers, and be unsinkable with adequate stability. The boat will include a cabin with seating and windows, work space on the deck, and will be powered by two outboard engines operated by a remote control system. It may optionally include an instrument well inside the boat for transducers.
The document describes specifications for a Digital Water Level Recorder (DWLR) that is used to record water level readings over time. Key points:
- The DWLR must reliably record water levels using a pressure sensor, compensate for ambient air pressure, have a short settling time, and not require a stilling well.
- It stores over 20,000 readings with date/time stamps in non-volatile memory. Data can be retrieved through an interface to a laptop.
- The DWLR is expected to operate accurately for at least 10 years on standard lithium batteries, recording levels every 1 hour (adjustable).
The document specifies requirements for a cup-type current meter used to measure water velocity and discharge in rivers and canals. It must operate reliably under flow conditions, be easy to use, and include accessories for deployment. Key components are a 6-cup sensor measuring velocities from 0.05-3.5 m/s, various suspension methods including wading rods or cables, and fish weights from 25-100kg for suspended use. Accessories like tools, spare parts, and carrying cases must also be provided.
This document provides information about a training module on absorption spectroscopy. It discusses the World Bank and Government of the Netherlands funding a training program in New Delhi, India. The document includes an introduction to absorption spectroscopy, outlines the module context and profile, presents a session plan and materials including overhead masters, and discusses measuring various water quality parameters using a spectrophotometer.
The document describes specifications for a Digital Water Level Recorder (DWLR) that uses a bubbler system to measure and record water levels over time. Key points:
- The DWLR uses a pressure sensor and bubbler system to measure water levels, compensating for ambient air pressure. It records readings hourly or in adjustable intervals.
- It is designed to operate reliably under field conditions for 10+ years, requiring battery replacement every 6 months at most.
- Recorded data containing time, date, and station info is stored and can be retrieved through an interface to a laptop.
- Specifications include accuracy of 0.1% or better, non-volatile memory to store 10,
This document provides guidance on using the area-slope method to estimate stream discharge indirectly when direct measurement is not possible. It describes the principles and steps of the area-slope method, including selecting a study reach, measuring the cross-sectional area and water surface slope, evaluating velocity using Manning's formula, and computing discharge. Guidelines are given for selecting sites, measuring cross-sections and slope, determining roughness coefficients, and performing calculations. The area-slope method provides a rough estimate of discharge but has limitations due to uncertainties in roughness coefficients.
This document provides information on a training module about major ions in water. It includes an introduction to the module, a module profile, session plan, overheads and masters, evaluation sheets, and handouts. The module aims to help participants understand the major ions found in water and their sources, how to characterize water samples based on ion concentrations, the water quality consequences of different ions, and the technique of ion balancing to assess water quality. The session covers topics such as hardness, sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, and residual sodium carbonate as ways to evaluate water for irrigation use.
The document summarizes the Hydrology Project - II being implemented by the Central Ground Water Board. It provides details on project costs, expenditures, activities completed and in progress. Key points:
- Total project cost has increased from original Rs. 27.95 crore to Rs. 66.32 crore as per revised cost estimates. Expenditure so far is Rs. 38.45 crore against a target of Rs. 51.64 crore.
- Activities include upgrading hardware, procuring software, conducting training programs, pilot aquifer mapping studies, piezometer construction, and developing a decision support system.
- The pilot aquifer mapping studies have characterized aquifer systems in six areas and
This document specifies requirements for a portable echo-sounder to be used for manual depth measurement from a boat at gauging stations. Key requirements include: operating reliably in sediment-laden rivers/canals, easy to operate/maintain, 10+ year lifetime, accuracy within 0.2% of range, depth display up to 50m, battery or car battery power, and accessories like a car battery charger. The echo-sounder should suppress surface and multiple echoes to display actual water depth.
The document summarizes the occurrence and distribution of high arsenic contamination in groundwater in India. It notes that arsenic contamination above 0.05 mg/L affects states like West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and Chhattisgarh. West Bengal is the worst affected area, with 79 blocks in 8 districts showing arsenic levels above permissible limits. Within West Bengal, the most contaminated districts are Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas. The document provides a table listing specific blocks within West Bengal districts with their maximum reported arsenic concentrations. Overall, about 162.6 lakh people in West Bengal live in areas at risk
This document is an application form for permission to abstract groundwater for infrastructure projects from the Central Ground Water Authority. It requests information about the proposed infrastructure project including location details, land use, water requirements and sources, rainwater harvesting plans, and details of existing and proposed groundwater extraction structures. The applicant must provide comprehensive information on local groundwater conditions and quality, and certify that all information submitted is true to the best of their knowledge. Incomplete applications will be rejected.
This document provides background information on India's water resources and national water policy for a consultation meeting on reviewing the policy. It discusses India's water resources potential and achievements in irrigation, drinking water, hydropower, and flood management. It also outlines projections for increased future water requirements and challenges facing the water sector like declining per capita availability and groundwater overexploitation. The document reviews the key features of the current 2002 National Water Policy and status of state-level policies. It identifies issues to be discussed during the policy review consultation meeting.
This document provides information on measuring ammonia and organic nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method, including:
1) An overview of the nitrogen cycle and how ammonia and organic nitrogen influence water quality.
2) A description of the Kjeldahl method which involves distilling ammonia for titration and digesting organic nitrogen to convert it to ammonia.
3) Details of a sample experiment to measure ammonia and organic nitrogen in various water samples using the Kjeldahl method.
This document provides information on oxygen balance in surface waters. It discusses the importance of dissolved oxygen, factors that affect oxygen saturation levels such as temperature and salinity, and the main processes that add or deplete oxygen in surface waters. These include reaeration from the air, photosynthesis by plants, and oxidation of organic matter. The document also presents the typical dissolved oxygen sag curve that occurs when organic matter is discharged into a river and oxygen is depleted before recovering through reaeration.
The document outlines specifications for a hydrographic echo-sounder used to measure water depth in reservoirs and rivers. The echo-sounder is required to operate reliably under various environmental conditions, measure depths accurately from 0.3 to 200 meters, digitally display and record readings, and transmit data to a controlling PC for collection and analysis. It must also be durable, easy to use and maintain, and have a lifespan of at least 10 years.
This document outlines general standards for discharge of environmental pollutants from various industries into different types of receiving waters and environments. It includes concentration-based standards and load/mass-based standards for parameters like pH, temperature, total suspended solids, oil and grease, and other chemicals. It also provides waste water generation standards for different industries, specifying the maximum quantity of waste water that can be discharged per tonne of output. Finally, it lists emission standards for air pollutants including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, mercury and other chemicals.
This document outlines standards for various pollutants in effluents and emissions from different industries. It includes four parts:
Part A lists parameter standards for discharge of effluents into different receiving waters. It includes standards for 38 parameters.
Part B lists waste water generation standards for 11 industries, specifying the maximum quantity of waste water discharged per unit of production.
Part C lists load-based standards for two industries, specifying the maximum quantity of pollutants allowed per 1000 tonnes of raw materials processed.
Part D outlines general emission standards, including concentration-based standards for 11 air pollutants, stack height requirements for sulphur dioxide emissions, and load/mass-based standards for particulate
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
This document discusses catalytic converters and their role in reducing vehicle emissions. It notes that catalytic converters use precious metals to convert harmful exhaust gases like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into less harmful emissions. Stricter emission standards over time have led to advances in catalytic converter design and materials. The document provides details on the components and chemical reactions that occur in both two-way and three-way catalytic converters.
Membrane bio reactor- Waste water treatmentakalankar
The document discusses MBR (membrane bioreactor) wastewater treatment technology. MBR combines microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes with a suspended growth bioreactor. It provides advantages over conventional activated sludge processes like higher quality effluent, less sludge production, and shorter retention times. Industrial Solutions Lanka has experience designing and implementing MBR systems for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants. Their project for a Morison facility treating 80 m3/day of wastewater achieved over 99% COD reduction using an MBR system.
This document summarizes the characteristics and polluting effects of textile organic dyes, and procedures for separating and eliminating them from industrial effluents. It discusses that textile dyeing is a major source of organic water pollution worldwide. Textile dyes are recalcitrant and can remain in the environment for long periods. The document outlines the classification and characteristics of natural and synthetic textile dyes. It also describes common textile processing steps that generate large volumes of contaminated wastewater containing dyes, chemicals, and other pollutants. Current treatment methods aim to remove over 70% of contaminants like COD, BOD, dyes before wastewater discharge to meet environmental standards.
Diamond Systems Landtec GEM5000 Complete PackageMadison Miller
The GEMTM5000 is designed specifically for use on landfills to monitor Landfill Gas (LFG) Collection & Control Systems. The GEMTM5000 samples and analyzes the methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen content of landfill gas with options for additional analysis.
The document discusses factors to consider when planning an effluent treatment plant (ETP) for a textile dyeing factory. It notes that factories must treat their wastewater to meet national water quality standards before discharging effluent. When planning an ETP, factories should consider the volume and characteristics of their wastewater, available land, costs, and treatment methods that include physical, chemical and biological processes. Common physical processes mentioned are screening, flow equalization, sedimentation and clarification, while chemical and biological processes are also options to treat wastewater depending on the factory's needs and requirements.
The document summarizes the tannery process, associated wastewater treatment, and impact on public health. It describes the various stages of tanning including soaking, liming, pickling, and tanning. This generates wastewater high in salts, chromium, sulfides, and organic matter. Primary treatment includes screening, equalization, coagulation, and sludge dewatering to remove solids and reduce BOD and COD. Effluent standards vary by country but are often exceeded by tanneries. Pollutants from tanneries like chromium, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide can cause respiratory illness and dermatitis. Alternative treatment methods are evaluated based on cost, technical criteria, and
This document discusses water saving technology in the textile industry. It proposes using solophenyl dyes for dyeing cotton and cotton-polyester blends, which can save significant amounts of water compared to conventional reactive dyes. For 100% cotton fabrics, solophenyl dyes can reduce water consumption from 60-80 liters/kg to 20-30 liters/kg. For cotton-polyester blends, a one-batch dyeing process using solophenyl dyes has the potential to save water consumption from 120-140 liters/kg down to 30-40 liters/kg. Adopting these new dyeing techniques could help textile factories minimize their environmental impact and reduce production costs.
This document outlines a workshop on utilizing coal ash byproducts. It discusses the current state of fly ash markets and revenues, challenges to maintaining fly ash quality with increased environmental regulations, and strategies for improving fly ash value and utilization, including consistency in fly ash properties and the impacts of different sorbents. The workshop covers cement and concrete applications of fly ash, costs of fly ash disposal, and paths forward for utilities to successfully market their ash.
Flue gas desulfurization is commonly known as FGD and is the technology used for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the exhaust combustion flue gases of power plants that burn coal or oil to produce steam for the turbines that drive their electricity generators.
The document is a technical project report that proposes establishing a 60,000 KL/year plant named SANKALP BIO-TECH to produce bio-fuels and other products through trans-esterification of feedstocks like oils, animal fats and greases. The plant would be located in Maharashtra, India. Raw materials would include distillates from various oil and fat processing waste streams. Main products would be bio-diesel, fatty acid methyl esters, glycerin and other specialty products that meet standards like ASTM D6751 and IS 1560.
1. Russian producers aim to introduce domestic full-cycle catalyst production technologies and increase their market share of the Russian market from 20% in 2010 to 80% by 2030.
2. The document discusses technologies for producing various catalyst types used in petroleum refining processes, including hydroskimming, catalytic cracking, and hydrotreating catalysts.
3. It provides details on catalyst production stages and specifications, as well as technical and economic characteristics of different catalyst production technologies over time from 2010 to 2030.
This document provides details on an environmental management plan project conducted in 1999-2000 for the CIB Refinery of ECOPETROL in Colombia. The project developed an environmental impact study and instructions to improve the refinery's environmental performance from 2000-2010. It involved assessing waste management practices and developing recommendations to align them with national and international standards. The author was contracted to build an environmental index to monitor waste disposal management at the refinery.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of improper lead-acid battery recycling. It notes that without proper precautions, recycling can pollute the soil, air, and water. Soil becomes contaminated with lead that does not break down, polluting the air with acid mist and lead particles, and contaminating groundwater. Improper practices can damage the environment and people's health. The document emphasizes the importance of new recycling technologies that produce no solid waste and protect the soil, air, groundwater, and human and environmental safety.
A project example for the Conversion of Biomass into upgradable Bionic-Oil and Bionic-Char using Bionic's MWDP technology created jointly by the sister companies Bionic Laboratories BLG GmbH, Germany and Bionic Palm Ltd, Ghana. We show a true win-win opportunity between Africa and Europe through a highly sustainable Biomass to Energy project approach with Char being exported as a solid green fuel for the European Power Industry while the Oil serves as Transportation Fuel in Africa.
The document provides an overview of membrane contactor technology from Membrana-Charlotte. It discusses the company and its products, including microporous membranes and membrane contactors. It describes how membrane contactors work using gas transfer principles and can be used for applications like gas absorption, degasification, and carbonation. Performance examples for oxygen and carbon dioxide removal are also presented.
The document summarizes a water purification system that includes a reverse osmosis unit, storage tank, and ultrapure water purification unit. The system uses a microprocessor to control purification from a municipal water supply to produce at least 35 liters/hour of water with a resistivity of 18 megohm cm or higher that is at least 99% free of bacteria, ions, organics, and particles. The system is also capable of continuous monitoring and will automatically shut off if the feed water is inadequate or the storage tank reaches capacity.
The document describes a water purifier using ion exchange resin columns that produces reagent-grade water for trace analysis. It has separate cation and anion exchange columns with a capacity of 25 liters each and can purify water at a rate over 1 liter per minute. Accessories include spare columns, instructions, a cover, and vacuum hose. Key features are an inline conductivity monitor and the ability to regenerate the resin columns.
This document provides specifications for a double distillation water purification unit. It distills water to a conductivity of 1.0 μS/cm or less at 25°C for generating reagent-grade water. The unit is made of quartz glass with a 1.5 liter/hour capacity. It runs on 220V power and includes a metallic stand, ring clamp, and operation manual. Safety features include over-heating protection and indicators.
This document provides specifications for an automatic water distillation unit. The unit distills water to generate reagent water type III with a maximum conductivity of 0.01 mS/cm at 25°C for use in washing and quantitative analysis. It has a stainless steel construction, 1.5 liter per hour capacity, operates on 220VAC power, and has automatic shutoff when water levels are low.
This document specifies a water geyser (heater) that has a 120 liter capacity, heats water to 90°C with thermostatic control, and requires a 220 VAC ±25%, 47 to 53 Hz power supply for operation in a laboratory setting.
A general purpose water bath has an inner size of approximately 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.1 meters, is made of stainless steel inside and stove enameled outside, and can maintain temperatures from ambient to 100°C with an accuracy of ±2°C. It has a stainless steel cover with 12 holes and features a drain cock or plug, double-walled insulation, and a pilot lamp to indicate thermostat operation.
This document describes the specifications of a water bath used for incubating culture tubes in coliform analysis. The water bath has an inner size of approximately 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.15 meters, is made of stainless steel inside and stove enameled outside, and can maintain temperatures from ambient to 50°C with an accuracy of ±0.1°C. It has a double wall for insulation, a dome lid to hold test tubes vertically, and displays the internal water temperature.
The document specifies the requirements for a wash bottle used to flush glassware. The wash bottle must be made of polythene, hold 500 ml of liquid, and have a bent nozzle and screw cap. It was last reviewed on October 23, 2007 and is used to wash away any sticking sediment from glassware.
The document specifies volumetric flasks that will be used for sediment analyses in a laboratory. The flasks must comply with IS 915-1975, be made of Corning glass or similar material, and come in sizes of 50, 100, 250, and 500 ml with B class accuracy.
The visual accumulation tube is used to assess particle sizes of sediments. It consists of a vertical transparent settling tube through which sediment samples are passed. Particles settle individually based on terminal velocity related to diameter, and accumulated sediment volume in the tube's narrow end relates to solid weight. It is best for uniform, spherical particles. The analysis involves introducing a small sample and recording accumulated sediment height over time.
This document provides specifications for a vacuum pump for general laboratory use. The pump is a single stage pump with a capacity of 50 l/min, capable of reaching a final vacuum of 0.05 mm Hg without ballast or 2 mm Hg with ballast. It has a 200W motor that operates on 220VAC at 47-53 Hz. Accessories include a filter, regulator, gauge, hose, and valve. The pump is designed for noise free operation.
This document provides specifications for a turbidity meter used to directly measure suspended matter in water samples. The turbidity meter has a range of 0 to 1000 NTU in at least 2 ranges, an accuracy of ±2% full scale deflection, and requires a power supply of 220 VAC ±25%, 47 to 53 Hz. Accessories for the turbidity meter include an ambient light shield, 6 spare tubes, a sensor stand, voltage stabilizer, instruction manual, and dust cover.
This tool kit contains basic tools for minor repairs of electrical laboratory equipment, including a set of screwdrivers, pliers, soldering iron, and multi-meter. The tools come in a lockable storage box for organization and security.
The document specifies the requirements for a microprocessor-controlled TOC analyzer. It must be able to directly measure total carbon, total organic carbon, and purgeable organic carbon in water samples. It uses high temperature catalytic combustion up to 900°C and non-dispersive infrared detection. It must have a measuring range of 1-500 mg/L carbon, precision within 3%, and detection limit of at least 500 ppb carbon. The analyzer and auto-sampler require 240V 50Hz power and it uses nitrogen or high purity air as carrier gases. It includes an auto-sampler, syringes, printer, manuals, spare parts, and application software in English.
This document provides specifications for a tissue grinder used to prepare tissue or sediment samples. The grinder must be able to macerate glass fibre filters and is a manual, porcelain device used to homogenize samples for further analysis such as chemical extraction.
This document specifies a set of thermometers for laboratory use, including mercury-filled glass thermometers with three temperature ranges (0-80oC, 10-150oC, 20-250oC) and an accuracy of ±0.5oC, along with a storage box for the thermometers.
This document specifies test tubes for laboratory use in sediment analysis. It outlines that the test tubes should be made of Corning glass or similar material, and lists two standard sizes - 15 x 125 mm and 25 x 200 mm in diameter and height. The test tubes are intended for general use in analyzing sediments in the laboratory.
The document specifies requirements for test sieves with a shaker. It requires stainless steel sieves that are 200mm in diameter, 50mm in height, and have nominal aperture sizes between 63-250 micrometers. It also requires a shaker capable of holding at least 5 sieves that runs on 220V power. Accessories include a sieve brush and wash bottle. Some sieves can be used manually without the shaker.
This document provides specifications for a magnetic stirrer with a hot plate. It can rotate between 0-1200 rpm and heat with a 300 Watt thermostatically controlled element. The stirrer has a stainless steel top and comes with PTFE coated magnets ranging from 10-50mm in 5mm increments, with two of each size included as accessories.
This document provides specifications for a sterilizer autoclave. The autoclave is 0.3 x 0.5 meters in size, made of stainless steel inside and lid with an enameled outside. It operates at a working pressure of 1 bar with a maximum pressure of 1.5 bars. Accessories include a pressure gauge, steam release cock, safety valve, perforated aluminum basket, water level indicator, and lifting arrangement. The autoclave is powered by 220 VAC at 47-53 Hz and uses approximately 2500 Watts.
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1. Environmental Standards
General Standards
GENERAL STANDARDS* FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
Part - A : Effluents
S.
No.
Parameter Inland surface
water
Public
sewers
Land for
irrigation
Marine/coastalareas
. 2 3 . .
. . (a) (b) (c) (d)
1 Colour and
odour
See 6 of
Annexure-1I
See 6 of
Annexure-1I
See 6 of Annexure-1I
2 Suspended
solids mg/l, max.
100 600 200 (a) For process waste
water
(b) For cooling water
effluent 10 per cent
above total
suspended matter of
influent.
3 Particle size of
suspended
solids
shall pass 850
micron IS
Sieve
- - (a) Floatable solids,
solidsmax. 3 mm
(b) Settleable solids,
max 856 microns
4 pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0
5 Temperature shall not
exceed 5°C
above the
receiving water
temperature
shall not exceed 5°C
above the receiving
water temperature
6 Oil and grease,
mg/l max,
10 20 10 20
7 Total residual
chlorine, mg/l
max
1.0 - - 1.0
8 Ammonical
nitrogen (as
N),mg/l, max.
50 50 - 50
9 Total kjeldahl
nitrogen (as
N);mg/l, max.
mg/l, max.
100 - - 100
10 Free ammonia
(as NH3),
mg/l,max.
5.0 - - 5.0
11 Biochemical 30 350 100 100
3. curie mg/l
29 Bio-assay test 90% suivival of
fish after 96
hours in 100%
effluent
90% suivival
of fish after 96
hours in 100%
effluen
90% suivival of
fish after 96
hours in 100%
effluen
90% suivival of
fish after 96 hours
in 100% effluen
30 Manganese 2 mg/l 2 mg/l - 2 mg/l
31 Iron (as Fe) 3mg/l 3mg/l - 3mg/l
32 Vanadium (as V) 0.2mg/l 0.2mg/l - 0.2mg/l
33 Nitrate Nitrogen 10 mg/l - - 20 mg/l
* These standards shall be applicable for industries, operations or processes other than those
industries, operations or process for which standards have been specified in Schedule of the
Environment Protection Rules, 1989.
Part - B: Wastewater Generation Standards
S.
No.
Industry Quantum
1 Integrated Iron & Steel 16 m3/tonne of finished steel
2 Sugar 0.4m3/tonne of cane crushed
3 Pulp & Paper Industries
(a) Large pulp & paper
(i) Pulp & paper
(ii) Rayon grade pulp
(b) Small pulp & paper
(i) Agro-residue based
(ii) Waste paper based
175 m3/tonne of paper produced
150 m3/tonne of paper
150 m3/tonne of paper produced
50 m3/tonne of paper produced
4 Fermentation Industries
(a) Maltry
(b) Brewer
(c) Distillery
3.5 m3/tonne of grain processed
0.25 m3/KL of beer produced
12 M3/KL of alcohol produced
5 Caustic Soda
(a) Membrane cell process
(b) Mercury cell process
1m3/tonne of caustic soda produced
excluding cooling tower blowdown
4 m3/tonne of caustic soad produced
(mercury bearing). 10% below down
permitted for cooling tower.
6 Textile Industries: Man-made fibre
(i) Nylon & Polyster
(ii) Voscose Staple Fibre
(iii) Viscose Filament Yarn
120 m3/tonne of fibre produced
150 m3/tonne of product
500 m3/tonne of product
7 Tanneries 28 m3/tonne of raw hide
8 Starch Glucose and related products 8 m3/tonne of maize crushed
9 Dairy 3 m3/kl of Milk
10 Natural rubber processing industry Fertiliser
(a) Straight nitrogenous fertiliser
(b) Straight phosphatic fertiliser (SSP & TSP)
excluding manufacture of any acid
4 m3/tonne of rubber
4. (c) Complex fertiliser
11 Biochemical oxygen demand (3 days at 27°C),
mg/l, max.
(a) Straight nitrogenous fertiliser
(b)Straight phosphatic fertiliser (SSP & TSP)
excluding manufacture of any acid
(c)Complex fertiliser
5 m3/tonne of urea orequivalent
produced
0.5 m3/tonne of SSP/TSP
Standards of nitrogenous and
phospathic fertilisers are applicable
depending on the primary product
Part-C Load based standards
1. Oil Refinery Industry
Parameter Quantum in Kg/1000 tonnes of crude processed
Oil & grease 10.00
Phenol 0.70
BOD 10.50
Suspended solids 14.00
Sulphide 0.35
2. Large Pulp & Paper, News Print/Rayon grade plants of capacity above 24,000
tonne/annum
Parameter Quantum
Total Organic Chloride (TOCI) 2 kg/tonne of product
Part-D Concentration Based Standards
1. General Emission Stanadards
S.No. Parameter Concentration not to exced (in mg/Nm3)
1. Particulate matter (PM) 150
2. Total fluoride 25
3 Asbestos
4 Fibres/cc and dust should not be more than 2
mg/Nm3
4 Mercury 0.2
5. Chlorine 15
6
Hydrochloric acid vapour and
mist
35
7 Sulphuric acid mist 50
8 Carbon monoxide 1%
9 Lead 10
II. Equipment based standards
For dispersion of sulphur dioxide; a minimum stack height limit is accordingly prescribed as
below :
5. S.No.
Power generation capacity/ Steam
generation capacity
Stack height (metre)
1. Power generation capacity:
-500 MW and more
-200/210 MW and
above to less than 500 MW
-Less than 200/210 MW
275
220
H=(Q) 0.3
2. Steam generation capacity
-Less than 2 tonne/hr
-2 to 5 tonne/hr
-5 to 10 tonne /hr
-10 to 15 tonne/hr
-15 to 20 tonne/hr
-20 to 25 tonne/hr
-25 to 30 tonne/hr
-More than 30 tonne/hr
09
12
15
18
21
24
27
30 or as per formula
H=14(Q) 0.3 whichever
is more
Note:
H=Physical height of the stack in metre
Q=Emission rate of SO2 in kg/hr.
III. Load/Mass?Based Standards
S.No. Industry Parameter Standard
1 Fertilizer (urea)
-commissioned prior to 1.1.82
-commissioned after 1.1.82
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter
2kg/tonne of product
0.5 kg/tonne of product
2 Copper, lead and zinc semltor Sulphur dioxide 4 kg/tonne of concentrated
(100%) acid produced
3 Nitric acid Oxides of nitrogen 3 kg/tonne of weak acid
(before concentration)
produced
4 Sulphuric acid Sulphur dioxide 4 kg/tonne of concentrated
(100%) acid produced
5 Coke oven Carbon monoxide 3 kg/tonne of coke produced
6 Oil Refineries
-Distillation
(atmospheric+vacuum)
-Catalytic cracker
-Sulphur recovery unit
Sulphur dioxide
-do
-do-
0.25kg/tonne of feed in this
process
0.25kg/tonne of feed in this
process
120 kg/tonne of Sulphur in the
feed
7 Aluminium plants:
(i) Anode bake oven
(ii) Pot room
(a) VSS
Total fluoride
-do-
0.3 kg/tonne of aluminium
4.7 kg/tonne of aluminium
6. (b) HSS
(c) PBSW
(d) PBCW
-do-
-do
-do-
6 kg/tonne of aluminium
2.5 kg/tonne of aluminium
1.0 kg/tonne of aluminium
8 Glass industry
(a) Furnace capacity
(i) Up to the product draw capacity
of 60 tonne/day
(ii) Product draw capacity more
than 60 tonne/day
Particulate Matter
-do-
2 kg/hr
0.8 kg/tonne of product drawn
Note: VSS = vertical stud soderberg; HSS = horizontal stud soderberg;
PBSW = pre backed side work and PBCW = pre backed centre work
PART-E Noise Standards
A. Noise limits for automobiles (from at 7.5 metre in dB(A) at the manufacturing stage)
1. Motorcycle, scooters & three wheelers 80
2. Passenger cars 82
3. Passenger or commercial vehicles upto 4 tonne 85
4. Passenger or commercial vehicles above 4 tonne and upto 12 tonne 89
5. Passenger or commercial vehicles exceeding 12 tonne 91
B. Domestic appliances and construction equipments at the manufacturing stage to be
achieved by 31st December, 1993.
1. Window air conditioners of 1 -1.5 tonne 68
2. Air coolers 60
3. Refrigerators 46
4. Diesel generator for domestic purpose 85-90
5. Compactors (rollers), front loaders, 75
concrete mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws
ANNEXURE-I
(For the purpose of Parts-A, B and C)
The state boards shall fallow the following guidelines in enforcing the standards
specified under Schedule IV.
1. T he wastewater and gases are to be treated with the best available technology (BAT)
in order to achieve the prescribed standards.
2. The industries need to be encouraged for recycling and reuse of waste materials as far
as practicable in order to minimise the discharge of wastes into the environment.
3. The industries are to be encouraged for recovery of biogas, energy and reusable
materials.
4. While permitting the discharge of effluents and emissions into the environment, State
Boards have to taken into account the assimilative capacities of the receiving bodies,
especially water bodies so that quality of the intended use of the receiving waters is
7. not affected. Where such quality is likely to be affected, discharges should not be
allowed into water bodies.
5. The central and state boards shall put emphasis on the implementation of clean
technologies by the industries in order to increase fuel efficiency and reduce the
generation of environmental pollutants.
6. All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as
practicable.
7. The standards mentioned in this Schedule shall also apply to all other effluents
discharged such as mining, and mineral processing activities and sewage.
8. The limit given for the total concentration of mercury in the final effluent of caustic soda
industry, is for the combined effluent from (a) cell house; (b) brine plant; (c) chlorine
handling; (d) hydrogen handling; and (e) hydrochloric acid plant.
9. All effluents discharged including from the industries such as cotton textile, composite
woollen mills, synthetic rubber, small pulp & paper, natural rubber, petro?chemicals,
tanneries, paint, dyes, slaughter houses, food & fruit processing and dairy industries
into surface waters shall conform to the BOD limit specified above, namely, 30 mg/l.
For discharge of an effluent having a BOD more than 30 mg/l, the standards shall
conform to those given above for other receiving bodies, namely, sewers, coastal
waters and land for irrigation.
10. Bio-assay shall be made compulsory for all the industries, where toxic and
non biodegradable chemicals are involved.
11. In case of fertilizer industry, the limits in respect of chromium and fluoride shall be
complied with at the outlet of chromium and fluoride removal units respectively.
12. In case of pesticides.
a. The limits should be complied with at the end of the treatment plant
before dilution.
b. Bio-assay test should be carried out with the available species of fish
in the receiving water, the COD limits to be specified in the consent
conditions should be correlated with the BOD limits.
c. In case metabolites and isomers of the pesticides in the given list are
found in significant concentrations, standards should be prescribed for these
also in the same concentration as the individual pesticides.
d. Industries are required to analyse pesticides in wastewater by
advanced analytical methods such as GLC/HPLC.
13. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in a treated effluent, if observed to
be persistently greater than 250 mg/l before disposal to any receiving body (public
sewer, land for irrigation, inland surface water and marine coastal areas), such
industrial units are required to identify chemicals causing the same. In case these are
found to be toxic as defined in the Schedule - I of the Hazardous Rules, 1989, the state
boards in such cases shall direct the industries to install tertiary treatment stipulating
time limit.
14. Standards specified in Part A of Schedule - VI for discharge of effluents into the public
sewer shall be applicable only if such sewer leads to a secondary treatment including
biological treatment system otherwise the discharge into sewers shall be treated as
discharge into inland surface waters .
ANNEXURE-II
(For the purpose of Parts-D)
1. The States Boards shall fallow the following guidelines enforcing the standards
8. specified under Schedule-VI.
a. In case of cement plants, the total dust (from all sections) shall be
within 400 mg/Nm3 and 250 mg/Nm3 for the plants upto 200 tpd and more
than 200 tpd capacities respectively.
b. In respect of calcination process (e.g. aluminium plants), kilns and
step grate bagasse fired boilers, particulate matter emissions shall be within
250 mg/Nm3.
c. In case of thermal power plants commissioned prior to 1/1/1982 and
having generation capacity less than 62.5 MW, the particulate matter
emission shall be within 350 mg/Nm3.
d. In case of Lime Kilns of capacity more than 5 tpd and 40 tpd, the
particulate matter emission shall be within 500 mg/Nm3.
e. In case of horse shoe/pulsating grate and spreader stroker
bagasse fired boilers, the particulate matter emission shall be within 500
(12% CO2) and 800 (12% CO2) mg/Nm3 respectively. In respect of these
boilers, if more than one is attached to a single stack, the emission standard
shall be fixed, based on added capacity of all the boilers connected with the
stack.
f. In case of asbestos dust, the same shall not exceed 2 mg/Nm3.
g. In case of the urea plants commissioned after 1.1.1982, coke ovens
and lead glass units, the particulate matter emission shall be within 50
mg/Nm3.
h. In case of small boilers of capacity less than 2 tonne/hr and between
2 to 5 tonnes/hr, the particulate matter emissions shall be within 1600 and
1200 mg/Nm3.
i. In case of integrated iron & steel plants, particulate matter emission
upto 400 mg/Nm3 shall be allowed during oxygen lancing.
j. In case of stone crushing units, the suspended particulate matter
contribution value at a distance of 40 metre from a controlled, isolated as well
as from a unit located in a cluster should be less than 600 micrograms/Nm3.
These units must also adopt the following pollution control measures:
a. dust containment cum suppression system for the equipment;
b. construction of wind breaking walls;
c. construction of the metalled roads within the premises;
d. regular cleaning and wetting of the ground within the premises;
e. growing of a green belt along the periphery.
f. In case of ceramic industry, from the other sources of pollution, such as basic
raw material and processing operations, heat recovery dryers, mechanical
finishing operation all possible prevention measures should be taken to
control particulate matter emissions as far as practicable .
2. The total fluoride emissions in respect of glass and phosphatic fertilizers shall not
exceed 5 mg/Nm3 and 25 mg/Nm3 respectively.
3. In case of copper, lead and zinc smelting, the off?gases may as far as possible be
utilized for manufacturing sulphuric acid.
4. In case of cupolas (foundries) having capacity (melting rate) less than 3 tonne hour,
the particulate matter emissions shall be within 450 mg/Nm3. In these cases it is
9. essential that stack is constructed over the cupolas beyond the charging door and the
emissions are directed through the stack, which should be at least six times the
diameter of cupola. In respect of arc furnaces and induction furnaces. Provision has to
be made collecting the fumes before discharging the emissions through the stack.
Source
[GSR 801 (E), EPA, 1986, dated Dec. 31, 1993]