You can't have a better tomorrow if you are thinking about yesterday all the time. - Charles F. Ketterin
To think too long about doing a thing often becomes its undoing. - Eva Young
Time is free, but it's priceless. You can't own it, but you can use it. You can't keep it, but you can spend it. Once you've lost it you can never get it back. - Marvey Mackat
This document summarizes arboviral surveillance activities in Georgia in 2009. It describes mosquito and dead bird surveillance programs, as well as reported cases of arboviral diseases in humans and animals. Surveillance data is used to monitor and predict disease transmission risk and inform public health responses like mosquito control activities. Collaboration between multiple state agencies and organizations helps provide a comprehensive picture of arboviral activity.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in EnglandSociété Tripalio
Rapport officiel du Public Health England concernant l'épidémie de coronavirus en Angleterre. Ce document montre que les vaccinés sont plus souvent malades du COVID (variant indien) que les non-vaccinés.
This is an abbreviated version of the CDC's Sept 16 COCA conference call. I also uploaded a longer abbreviation. See this document for the web address of the original verison.
Over a 6-month period from June to November 2020, the cumulative COVID-19 infection prevalence rate among US dentists was 2.6%, representing 57 dentists who received a COVID-19 diagnosis. The monthly incidence rates of COVID-19 among dentists ranged from 0.2% to 1.1%. Throughout the study, nearly all dentists reported adhering to enhanced infection control procedures like wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the proportion of dentists optimizing PPE use, such as changing masks after each patient, declined over time. The low rates of COVID-19 suggest dentists' strict adherence to guidance is protecting patients, staff, and themselves, though continued emphasis on optimal PPE is important
Sars cov 2 spike mutations paper los alamosJauru Freitas
This summarizes a document describing a pipeline for tracking mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in real-time. It identifies 14 mutations accumulating in spike, including the D614G mutation which began spreading in Europe in February and has become dominant in many countries. The pipeline downloads sequence data daily, analyzes alignments to identify frequently recurring mutations, and uses structural modeling to evaluate mutations' effects. Experiments then characterize mutations of interest regarding infectivity, antigenicity, and other impacts. The rapid global spread provides opportunities for natural selection, so ongoing monitoring is important to inform vaccine design as mutations could limit vaccine effectiveness over time.
This document provides information on 11 COVID-19 vaccine candidates, including the type of vaccine, number of doses required, status of clinical trials, expected availability, and notes on distribution. Several candidates have preliminary Phase 3 results expected in late 2020 or early 2021, including BNT162b2, AZD1222, mRNA-1273, and NVX-COV2373. Some vaccines like BBIBP-CorV, Coronavac, Ad5-nCoV, and Sputnik V have been approved for emergency use or general populations in some countries despite not having Phase 3 results available yet. Global supply projections range from tens of millions to over a billion doses in 2021 depending on the candidate.
Sanjay Mehta, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
You can't have a better tomorrow if you are thinking about yesterday all the time. - Charles F. Ketterin
To think too long about doing a thing often becomes its undoing. - Eva Young
Time is free, but it's priceless. You can't own it, but you can use it. You can't keep it, but you can spend it. Once you've lost it you can never get it back. - Marvey Mackat
This document summarizes arboviral surveillance activities in Georgia in 2009. It describes mosquito and dead bird surveillance programs, as well as reported cases of arboviral diseases in humans and animals. Surveillance data is used to monitor and predict disease transmission risk and inform public health responses like mosquito control activities. Collaboration between multiple state agencies and organizations helps provide a comprehensive picture of arboviral activity.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in EnglandSociété Tripalio
Rapport officiel du Public Health England concernant l'épidémie de coronavirus en Angleterre. Ce document montre que les vaccinés sont plus souvent malades du COVID (variant indien) que les non-vaccinés.
This is an abbreviated version of the CDC's Sept 16 COCA conference call. I also uploaded a longer abbreviation. See this document for the web address of the original verison.
Over a 6-month period from June to November 2020, the cumulative COVID-19 infection prevalence rate among US dentists was 2.6%, representing 57 dentists who received a COVID-19 diagnosis. The monthly incidence rates of COVID-19 among dentists ranged from 0.2% to 1.1%. Throughout the study, nearly all dentists reported adhering to enhanced infection control procedures like wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the proportion of dentists optimizing PPE use, such as changing masks after each patient, declined over time. The low rates of COVID-19 suggest dentists' strict adherence to guidance is protecting patients, staff, and themselves, though continued emphasis on optimal PPE is important
Sars cov 2 spike mutations paper los alamosJauru Freitas
This summarizes a document describing a pipeline for tracking mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in real-time. It identifies 14 mutations accumulating in spike, including the D614G mutation which began spreading in Europe in February and has become dominant in many countries. The pipeline downloads sequence data daily, analyzes alignments to identify frequently recurring mutations, and uses structural modeling to evaluate mutations' effects. Experiments then characterize mutations of interest regarding infectivity, antigenicity, and other impacts. The rapid global spread provides opportunities for natural selection, so ongoing monitoring is important to inform vaccine design as mutations could limit vaccine effectiveness over time.
This document provides information on 11 COVID-19 vaccine candidates, including the type of vaccine, number of doses required, status of clinical trials, expected availability, and notes on distribution. Several candidates have preliminary Phase 3 results expected in late 2020 or early 2021, including BNT162b2, AZD1222, mRNA-1273, and NVX-COV2373. Some vaccines like BBIBP-CorV, Coronavac, Ad5-nCoV, and Sputnik V have been approved for emergency use or general populations in some countries despite not having Phase 3 results available yet. Global supply projections range from tens of millions to over a billion doses in 2021 depending on the candidate.
Sanjay Mehta, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
This report specifically looks at the impact COVID-19 has had on nursing homes and the nursing home industry. Contributors are students, faculty, and alumni located in a variety of geographic locations from Yale, Tulane, and Sacred Heart Universities. It provides information gathered from situation reports, government and non-governmental organization, media reporting, and a variety of information sources, verifies and synchronizes the information and provide real-time information products to federal, state, local, nongovernmental and international response organizations.
Safety and Success in a Post-Pandemic Society - Daniela Accurso, MD, MPH - 7...Summit Health
The Covid-19 Pandemic has been a health crises that we have been fighting for the last year and a half. Dr. Accurso’s presentation is focused on reviewing how far we have come as a society and to address the questions, health concerns, and important precautions we need to take as we integrate ourselves back into a healthy community.
Elevated level of c reactive protein may predict risk for worsening covid 19 ...JA Larson
This document summarizes a study that found elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) may predict the risk of COVID-19 worsening from a mild to severe case. The study looked at 209 patients in China with mild COVID-19. 16 patients saw their condition worsen, with higher CRP levels and older age as distinguishing factors. CRP levels over 26.9 mg/L had the best accuracy at predicting worsening, which could help identify patients for early treatment.
Highlights
Cases and deaths continue to slowly decline. However there are some signs that cases are picking up again in some geographies
In the next 30 days we may expect Deaths/Day to slowly decline further
Key risk is of a second wave (possible but unlikely) caused either by a the existing variant or possibly a new one. Vaccination is too slow to provide herd immunity in the near future. India will have to rely on social distancing, masking etc for the foreseeable future
Measles Hysteria, 2015 - Part 2 by Mark Blaxillstellablue
The document summarizes and analyzes the 2015 measles outbreak linked to Disneyland in California. It makes three key points:
1) The outbreak originated from a single unidentified individual infected with measles who visited Disneyland in December 2014. It led to over 100 cases, mostly in California, but had largely ended spreading by mid-February 2015.
2) Media coverage of the outbreak peaked in early February even as new cases dropped to near zero. This hysteria coincided with efforts in several states to introduce bills restricting non-medical vaccine exemptions.
3) While concerning, the Disneyland outbreak was relatively small and not as serious as portrayed. Measles generally poses little risk in the US
Dr Dev Kambhampati | FDA- Use of Nanomaterials in Food for Animals (Draft Gui...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides guidance for industry on the use of nanomaterials in animal food. It discusses FDA's regulatory approach and recommendations for submitting food additive petitions for nanomaterial animal food ingredients. Key points include:
- Nanomaterials may have novel properties compared to larger-scale materials due to increased surface area and other factors.
- Safety data specific to the nanomaterial is needed, even if it has the same chemical composition as a larger-scale approved food additive.
- At this time, FDA is not aware of any animal food ingredients engineered at the nanoscale for which generally available safety data would be sufficient to determine GRAS status.
- When submitting a food additive petition for a nanomaterial animal food ingredient
Contributors are students, faculty, and alumni located in a variety of geographic locations from Yale, Tulane, and Sacred Heart Universities. It provides information gathered from situation reports, government and non-governmental organization, media reporting, and a variety of information sources, verifies and synchronizes the information and provide real-time information products to federal, state, local, nongovernmental and international response organizations.
At the end of December 2019, Chinese authorities reported an outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). On January 30, 2020 the WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and on March 11 a pandemic. There are now over 2.9 million confirmed cases globally with over 200,000 deaths across 213 countries/areas. The US has the most cases while Europe is currently the epidemic center. Risk is considered moderate for the general population but very high for elderly and healthcare systems.
There has been a huge change between my last presentation on 14.02.21 and now. The second wave has India (and especially Maharashtra) suddenly and hard.
What are the contours of the second wave? How bad will it be and when will it start abating?
This presentation seeks to explore the above areas.
This document discusses SARS-CoV-2 variants and their impact. It identifies four main variants of concern (VOCs): B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and Cluster 5. These variants show evidence of increased transmissibility and have had impacts on diagnostics and public health measures. Sequencing data has been important for identifying VOCs and monitoring their spread and effects. Ongoing surveillance of new variants is needed to understand future impacts on diagnostics, disease spread, and vaccine effectiveness.
Success means doing the best we can with what we have. Success is the doing, not the getting; in the trying, not the triumph. Success is a personal standard, reaching for the highest that is in us, becoming all that we can be.
~ Zig Ziglar
Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can.
~ Arthur Ashe
Keep your eyes on the stars, and your feet on the ground.
~ Theodore Roosevelt
We aim above the mark to hit the mark.
~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
Never give up, for that is just the place and time that the tide will turn.
~ Harriet Beecher Stow
Dr. Patrick McDermott - One Health Antibiotic Stewardship State of Science - ...John Blue
This document summarizes the 20-year history and strategic plans of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). NARMS monitors antimicrobial resistance in foodborne bacteria to inform human and veterinary medicine. The strategic plan includes improving sampling representativeness, data analysis and reporting, collaborative research, and international partnerships. Advances in whole genome sequencing and metagenomics now allow comprehensive resistance gene detection and correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. Moving forward, NARMS aims to expand surveillance within a One Health framework.
THE ROLE OF STATE-WIDE STAY-AT-HOME POLICIES ON CONFIRMED COVID-19 CASES IN T...hiij
In January 2020, the first confirmed case of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in the United States of America. By March 2020, the USA had eclared a national emergency and implemented stay-at-home policies subject to the individual initiative of health authorities of each state. However, ambiguity in the literature exists about the extent to which temporal variation of stay-at-home implementation contributes to an effective stay-at-home order. To examine the role of the implementation of stay-at-home policy at the county level on outbreak progression, we compiled the case count data and dates of policy commencement for 1720 counties from the US Counties: Socio-Health Data database. Measures of central tendency and rate of change identified correlation between the change of confirmed case counts compared to time, quantified by comparing four successive time points of 5 days to the initial date of each county’s stay-at-home implementation. We then used a deterministic county-level SIR epidemiological model to predict post stay-at-home case counts based on pre-stay-at-home parameters and compared the model to actual post-stay-at-home case counts to identify the degree of error Mean Squared Error (MSE). Our analyses demonstrated the high error between time since stay-at-home implementation and change in actual case counts compared to predicted case counts, which suggests an interaction between policy and COVID-19 transmission. Our findings shine light on the confounding variables of stay-at-home policy at the county level and the promising outlook of stay-at-home policy in the USA.
The European Commission communication outlines four priorities to combat COVID-19: 1) speed up vaccination and vaccine supplies, 2) ramp up testing and sequencing to control infections and new variants, 3) ensure the functioning of the single market, and 4) show international leadership. Specifically, it recommends that by March 2021, member states vaccinate 80% of healthcare workers and those over 80, and by summer 2021, 70% of the adult population. It also calls for increased vaccine production, establishing vaccination documentation standards, and continued monitoring of new virus variants.
This document summarizes an analysis that estimated the age-specific case fatality ratio (CFR) for COVID-19 during the epidemic in Hubei, China from January to February 2020. An age-structured transmission model was fitted to reported case and death data. It estimated that the overall CFR among all infections was 1.6% (1.4-1.8%) and increased considerably for the elderly. The analysis accounted for underreporting of cases and the delay between illness onset and death to provide adjusted CFR estimates.
Is my vaccination program working? Vaccine effectiveness: measuring vaccine p...ILRI
The document discusses methods for evaluating the effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in the field. It describes traditional methods like challenge studies and serological evaluation that have limitations. It then focuses on evaluating vaccine effectiveness by comparing disease incidence in vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations during an FMD outbreak. The method calculates vaccine effectiveness as the percentage reduction in incidence observed in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated. It provides an example calculation and discusses factors that can affect vaccine effectiveness estimates like pathogen exposure levels. Adjusting for confounding factors through study design and analysis is also addressed.
In this section of the coronavirus pandemic series, we discuss the current capacity of local healthcare systems and the need for effective treatment options as well as the pathogenesis of the coronavirus. Current treatment options include RNA, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibodies, convalescent plasma, and others. Critical stage implications such as cytokine storm and the need for immunomodulatory agents would also be discussed. Therapeutic pathways would are also compared.
You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. - Steve Jobs
Control your own destiny or someone else will. - Jack Welch
A house built on a shaky foundation will eventually collapse.
- Toni Payne
The foundation stones for a balanced success are honesty, character, integrity, faith, love and loyalty.
- Zig Ziglar
This report specifically looks at the impact COVID-19 has had on nursing homes and the nursing home industry. Contributors are students, faculty, and alumni located in a variety of geographic locations from Yale, Tulane, and Sacred Heart Universities. It provides information gathered from situation reports, government and non-governmental organization, media reporting, and a variety of information sources, verifies and synchronizes the information and provide real-time information products to federal, state, local, nongovernmental and international response organizations.
Safety and Success in a Post-Pandemic Society - Daniela Accurso, MD, MPH - 7...Summit Health
The Covid-19 Pandemic has been a health crises that we have been fighting for the last year and a half. Dr. Accurso’s presentation is focused on reviewing how far we have come as a society and to address the questions, health concerns, and important precautions we need to take as we integrate ourselves back into a healthy community.
Elevated level of c reactive protein may predict risk for worsening covid 19 ...JA Larson
This document summarizes a study that found elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) may predict the risk of COVID-19 worsening from a mild to severe case. The study looked at 209 patients in China with mild COVID-19. 16 patients saw their condition worsen, with higher CRP levels and older age as distinguishing factors. CRP levels over 26.9 mg/L had the best accuracy at predicting worsening, which could help identify patients for early treatment.
Highlights
Cases and deaths continue to slowly decline. However there are some signs that cases are picking up again in some geographies
In the next 30 days we may expect Deaths/Day to slowly decline further
Key risk is of a second wave (possible but unlikely) caused either by a the existing variant or possibly a new one. Vaccination is too slow to provide herd immunity in the near future. India will have to rely on social distancing, masking etc for the foreseeable future
Measles Hysteria, 2015 - Part 2 by Mark Blaxillstellablue
The document summarizes and analyzes the 2015 measles outbreak linked to Disneyland in California. It makes three key points:
1) The outbreak originated from a single unidentified individual infected with measles who visited Disneyland in December 2014. It led to over 100 cases, mostly in California, but had largely ended spreading by mid-February 2015.
2) Media coverage of the outbreak peaked in early February even as new cases dropped to near zero. This hysteria coincided with efforts in several states to introduce bills restricting non-medical vaccine exemptions.
3) While concerning, the Disneyland outbreak was relatively small and not as serious as portrayed. Measles generally poses little risk in the US
Dr Dev Kambhampati | FDA- Use of Nanomaterials in Food for Animals (Draft Gui...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides guidance for industry on the use of nanomaterials in animal food. It discusses FDA's regulatory approach and recommendations for submitting food additive petitions for nanomaterial animal food ingredients. Key points include:
- Nanomaterials may have novel properties compared to larger-scale materials due to increased surface area and other factors.
- Safety data specific to the nanomaterial is needed, even if it has the same chemical composition as a larger-scale approved food additive.
- At this time, FDA is not aware of any animal food ingredients engineered at the nanoscale for which generally available safety data would be sufficient to determine GRAS status.
- When submitting a food additive petition for a nanomaterial animal food ingredient
Contributors are students, faculty, and alumni located in a variety of geographic locations from Yale, Tulane, and Sacred Heart Universities. It provides information gathered from situation reports, government and non-governmental organization, media reporting, and a variety of information sources, verifies and synchronizes the information and provide real-time information products to federal, state, local, nongovernmental and international response organizations.
At the end of December 2019, Chinese authorities reported an outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). On January 30, 2020 the WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and on March 11 a pandemic. There are now over 2.9 million confirmed cases globally with over 200,000 deaths across 213 countries/areas. The US has the most cases while Europe is currently the epidemic center. Risk is considered moderate for the general population but very high for elderly and healthcare systems.
There has been a huge change between my last presentation on 14.02.21 and now. The second wave has India (and especially Maharashtra) suddenly and hard.
What are the contours of the second wave? How bad will it be and when will it start abating?
This presentation seeks to explore the above areas.
This document discusses SARS-CoV-2 variants and their impact. It identifies four main variants of concern (VOCs): B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and Cluster 5. These variants show evidence of increased transmissibility and have had impacts on diagnostics and public health measures. Sequencing data has been important for identifying VOCs and monitoring their spread and effects. Ongoing surveillance of new variants is needed to understand future impacts on diagnostics, disease spread, and vaccine effectiveness.
Success means doing the best we can with what we have. Success is the doing, not the getting; in the trying, not the triumph. Success is a personal standard, reaching for the highest that is in us, becoming all that we can be.
~ Zig Ziglar
Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can.
~ Arthur Ashe
Keep your eyes on the stars, and your feet on the ground.
~ Theodore Roosevelt
We aim above the mark to hit the mark.
~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
Never give up, for that is just the place and time that the tide will turn.
~ Harriet Beecher Stow
Dr. Patrick McDermott - One Health Antibiotic Stewardship State of Science - ...John Blue
This document summarizes the 20-year history and strategic plans of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). NARMS monitors antimicrobial resistance in foodborne bacteria to inform human and veterinary medicine. The strategic plan includes improving sampling representativeness, data analysis and reporting, collaborative research, and international partnerships. Advances in whole genome sequencing and metagenomics now allow comprehensive resistance gene detection and correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. Moving forward, NARMS aims to expand surveillance within a One Health framework.
THE ROLE OF STATE-WIDE STAY-AT-HOME POLICIES ON CONFIRMED COVID-19 CASES IN T...hiij
In January 2020, the first confirmed case of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in the United States of America. By March 2020, the USA had eclared a national emergency and implemented stay-at-home policies subject to the individual initiative of health authorities of each state. However, ambiguity in the literature exists about the extent to which temporal variation of stay-at-home implementation contributes to an effective stay-at-home order. To examine the role of the implementation of stay-at-home policy at the county level on outbreak progression, we compiled the case count data and dates of policy commencement for 1720 counties from the US Counties: Socio-Health Data database. Measures of central tendency and rate of change identified correlation between the change of confirmed case counts compared to time, quantified by comparing four successive time points of 5 days to the initial date of each county’s stay-at-home implementation. We then used a deterministic county-level SIR epidemiological model to predict post stay-at-home case counts based on pre-stay-at-home parameters and compared the model to actual post-stay-at-home case counts to identify the degree of error Mean Squared Error (MSE). Our analyses demonstrated the high error between time since stay-at-home implementation and change in actual case counts compared to predicted case counts, which suggests an interaction between policy and COVID-19 transmission. Our findings shine light on the confounding variables of stay-at-home policy at the county level and the promising outlook of stay-at-home policy in the USA.
The European Commission communication outlines four priorities to combat COVID-19: 1) speed up vaccination and vaccine supplies, 2) ramp up testing and sequencing to control infections and new variants, 3) ensure the functioning of the single market, and 4) show international leadership. Specifically, it recommends that by March 2021, member states vaccinate 80% of healthcare workers and those over 80, and by summer 2021, 70% of the adult population. It also calls for increased vaccine production, establishing vaccination documentation standards, and continued monitoring of new virus variants.
This document summarizes an analysis that estimated the age-specific case fatality ratio (CFR) for COVID-19 during the epidemic in Hubei, China from January to February 2020. An age-structured transmission model was fitted to reported case and death data. It estimated that the overall CFR among all infections was 1.6% (1.4-1.8%) and increased considerably for the elderly. The analysis accounted for underreporting of cases and the delay between illness onset and death to provide adjusted CFR estimates.
Is my vaccination program working? Vaccine effectiveness: measuring vaccine p...ILRI
The document discusses methods for evaluating the effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in the field. It describes traditional methods like challenge studies and serological evaluation that have limitations. It then focuses on evaluating vaccine effectiveness by comparing disease incidence in vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations during an FMD outbreak. The method calculates vaccine effectiveness as the percentage reduction in incidence observed in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated. It provides an example calculation and discusses factors that can affect vaccine effectiveness estimates like pathogen exposure levels. Adjusting for confounding factors through study design and analysis is also addressed.
In this section of the coronavirus pandemic series, we discuss the current capacity of local healthcare systems and the need for effective treatment options as well as the pathogenesis of the coronavirus. Current treatment options include RNA, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibodies, convalescent plasma, and others. Critical stage implications such as cytokine storm and the need for immunomodulatory agents would also be discussed. Therapeutic pathways would are also compared.
You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. - Steve Jobs
Control your own destiny or someone else will. - Jack Welch
A house built on a shaky foundation will eventually collapse.
- Toni Payne
The foundation stones for a balanced success are honesty, character, integrity, faith, love and loyalty.
- Zig Ziglar
Some people think they are in community, but they are only in proximity. True community requires commitment and openness. It is a willingness to extend yourself to encounter and know the other.
- David Spangler
This document discusses the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified in November 2021 in Botswana and South Africa and designated a variant of concern by the WHO. The variant has many mutations, some of concern regarding transmissibility and vaccine resistance. It's not yet clear if Omicron causes more severe disease or how effective current vaccines are against it. Surveillance efforts are ongoing to understand the impacts and risks of this new variant.
The document summarizes key information about coronaviruses and COVID-19. It discusses the origins of the 2019 outbreak in Wuhan, China. It describes coronaviruses and their structures. It provides histories of past coronavirus outbreaks like SARS and MERS. It also covers transmission methods of COVID-19, symptoms, testing, variants that have emerged, vaccines developed, and prevention methods.
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
PinterestAlthough having two glasses of wine may seem innocuous, experts say some leading brands contain more sugar than recommended. Peter Meade/Getty Images
• Two glasses of some wines contain more than the recommended daily limit of sugar and more calories than a hamburger.
• However, alcohol is exempt from food and drink labeling rules, so consumers are mostly unaware of calorie and sugar loads.
• Health experts are pushing for clear nutritional labeling on alcoholic products to help reduce sugar and alcohol consumption.
The Alcohol Health Alliance UK (AHA), representing over 60 health organizations, recently commissioned an independent laboratory to test 30 bottles of red, rose, white, sparkling, and fruit wines sold in the United Kingdom for sugar content.
The resulting analysis, which appears on the AHA’s website, revealed a “wide variation of sugar and calories between products.”
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
The US is dealing with a worrying recurrence of instances as the fight against COVID-19 continues. The virus has infected about 20% of the departing Metro Council, demonstrating the pandemic’s pervasive effects.
Covid19 peds case summaries pediatrics peds.2020 0702gisa_legal
This study examined the epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China. The key findings were:
1) Children of all ages were susceptible to COVID-19, with no significant gender difference found.
2) Most pediatric cases (over 90%) were asymptomatic, mild, or moderate in severity.
3) The median time from illness onset to diagnosis was 2 days.
4) There was a rapid initial increase then gradual decrease in cases over time, and most cases were concentrated in Hubei Province and surrounding areas, indicating human-to-human transmission.
Covid19 peds case summaries pediatrics peds.2020 0702gisa_legal
This study examined the epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China. The key findings were:
1) Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, with no significant gender difference. Clinical manifestations were generally less severe than adults.
2) Young children, especially infants, were more vulnerable to infection. The severity increased with younger age.
3) Over 90% of pediatric cases were asymptomatic, mild, or moderate. The median time from illness onset to diagnosis was 2 days.
4) Most pediatric cases were in Hubei province and surrounding areas, indicating rapid spread from Hubei. The number of cases peaked in early February and then declined.
Main changes in the COVID-19 in paediatrics clinical practice guideline_AnPed...Javier González de Dios
We present the summary of the main modifications in the clinical practice guideline "COVID-19 in Pediatrics" between its initial version published in 2021 and the published in 2022. The document has been elaborated following the structured steps of evidence-based medicine and incorporating the GRADE system to perform synthesis of the evidence, with assessment of its quality and, when appropriate, setting hierarchical recommendations (based on the quality of the evidence, values and preferences, the balance between benefits, risks and costs, equity and feasibility). This update also includes the amendments suggested by the external reviewers.
The main modifications are synthesized in the following sections: epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and vaccines. In the set of knowledge achieved throughout the first year of the pandemic, the publications during the second year add new data, without substantial modifications in many of the areas. The main changes occur in the field of vaccine research. This update is finalized in December 2021, while the Omicron infection is increasing, so a future update of the document will be necessary
Health Advances Demystifying COVID Testing - 4th Edition.pdfHealth Advances
• As we enter the endemic phase of COVID-19, we wanted to share our final edition of Demystifying COVID-19 Testing. In this edition, we provide an update on testing dynamics and share our assessment of the impact on the industry and our predictions for the future.
Update on SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern OmicronFlavioJimenez3
The document summarizes the latest information from the WHO on the COVID-19 global situation and the Omicron variant of concern. It notes that as of December 10th, over 262 million cases and 5.2 million deaths have been reported globally. It describes how viruses evolve over time and defines WHO classifications of variants of interest and variants of concern. It states that Omicron was designated a variant of concern due to evidence of increased transmissibility and that it has over 30 mutations in the spike protein targeted by vaccines. The document outlines the WHO's global approach to monitoring variants and collecting evidence on Omicron's properties and impact.
A single dose of either the Pfizer or AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine reduces an individual's risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to their household contacts by up to half, according to a study of over 365,000 families in the UK. Transmission from vaccinated individuals who tested positive for the virus was 40-50% lower than from unvaccinated individuals. In Santiago, COVID-19 had the hardest impact on those with low socioeconomic status due to factors like crowded housing, lack of healthcare access, and inability to work remotely. Regular testing of a random sample of the UK population identified resurgences of SARS-CoV-2 infections early, even at low transmission levels, and showed higher prevalence initially
This document discusses the emergence and progression of SARS-CoV-2 variants since late 2019. It notes that the virus has mutated numerous times, sometimes altering its transmissibility, severity of disease, or impact on vaccines and treatments. Key variants discussed include Delta and Omicron. The document provides definitions for related terms like mutation, variant, and strain. It also examines specific Omicron subvariants like BA.4, BA.5, and BF.7, exploring their symptoms and impact. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of continued infection control measures.
The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic, including the origins and spread of SARS-CoV-2. It describes key events like the virus being first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019, the WHO declaring a public health emergency in January 2020, and the virus spreading widely in the United States between late January and February 2020. It also discusses recommendations from the CDC on preventive measures like social distancing and mask-wearing during surges. Finally, it lists common comorbidities and risk factors like older age, obesity, and heart or lung conditions that are associated with more severe COVID-19 outcomes.
diseases_Saliva_Exhibits_High_Sensitivity_and_Spec.pdfDr Faraz Mohammed
This document summarizes a review of 10 studies that evaluated the use of saliva samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The review found that saliva exhibits high diagnostic sensitivity (87%) and specificity (98%) for detecting the virus. Saliva offers advantages over nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples as it is non-invasive, easy to collect, stable, and has a lower risk of cross-infection. Given challenges with invasive sample collection, saliva provides an effective sample type for widespread screening in workplaces, schools, and home testing to help control the pandemic.
This study examined the epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China. The key findings were:
1) Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, with the median age being 7 years and no significant gender difference.
2) Over 90% of pediatric cases were asymptomatic, mild, or moderate in severity. However, young children and infants were more vulnerable to infection.
3) The number of pediatric cases rapidly increased in early January and peaked around February 1st before declining, indicating person-to-person transmission. Most cases were in Hubei province and surrounding areas.
Similar to State of Hawaii - Truth and Veracity - Spinning Wheels - CheckMate (20)
Excuses kill solutions and dilute passion. Kill excuses before it kills you. Focus is key! Obstacles will always exist on your path, but it's important to remember that it is not these challenges that stop us from becoming the amazing people we can be, it is often our own excuses that stop us. - Vijay Eswaran
Audit success comes from service, not from status. The true standards of audit practice are found within the auditor's character: honesty, integrity, self control and high ethical values. The printed standards are merely guidelines for trying to make the art of auditing into a profession. - Michael L. Piazza
Auditors must develop a reputation that proclaims that they know what they are doing... that their reviews are factual and unbiased... that they deserve to be respected... that they are professionals with professional qualifications. A fundamental key to audit success is the reputation for objectivity. That implies independence from activities reviewed. Complete independence is an unattainable goal while practical independence is not only possible but absolutely essential. - Larry Sawyer
The bull rider in the chute apparently couldn't get his grip and kept resetting. - Sara M. Anderson
The rodeo ain't over till the bull riders ride. - Ralph Carpenter
The quality of a person's life is in direct proportion to their commitment to excellence, regardless of their chosen field of endeavor. Individual commitment to a group effort—that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work. - Vince Lombardi
Two roads diverged in a wood and I - I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.
- Robert Frost
Sometimes the right path is not the easiest.
- Grandmother Willow
LEADership is the ability to translate vision into reality.
- Warren Bennis
Realize that if a door closed, it's because what was behind it wasn't meant for you.
- Mandy Hale
Hawaii has emerged as a global leader in clean energy policy by being the first state to adopt a 100% renewable energy requirement and commit to the Paris Climate Agreement after the US withdrew. Other states and countries are now following Hawaii's lead on clean energy and climate solutions. Through making Hawaii a model of clean energy progress, it can inspire climate action worldwide to address the global challenges of climate change and COVID-19.
I believe each of us has a mission in life, and that one cannot truly be living their most fulfilled life until they recognize this mission and dedicate their life to pursuing it. - Blake Mycoskie
A mission statement is not something you write overnight. But fundamentally, your mission statement becomes your constitution, the solid expression of your vision and values. It becomes the criterion by which you measure everything else in your life. - Stephen Covey
There are three kinds of people: Those who make things happen, those who watch things happen, and those who ask, 'What happened?'
- Casey Stengel
Success seems to be connected with action. Successful people keep moving. They make mistakes, but they don't quit.
- Conrad Hilton
The document discusses Hawaii County Mayor Mitch Roth's proposal to publish a list of travelers who are supposed to be quarantining upon arrival to Hawaii Island. The ACLU of Hawaii has concerns about privacy and potential unintended consequences. Roth believes transparency is important for government, but privacy during a health crisis must be balanced. The document provides background on Roth and cites his experience as a former prosecutor.
The Law is a mighty machine. Woe to the unfortunate man who, wholly or in part innocent, becomes entangled in its mighty wheels, unless his innocence is patent or his rescue planned and executed by able counsel. The machine will grind on relentlessly and ruthlessly, and blindfolded justice does not see that the grist is sometimes stained with blood.
- Edward Johnes, Esq.
Inner harmony means knowing yourself, accepting yourself and delighting yourself. Make your body and mind the best friends to give your best, effortlessly, in any area of your life.
- Savitha Hosamane
Michael Jordan:
Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen.
I've always believed that if you put in the work, the results will come. I don't do things half-heartedly. Because I know if I do, then I can expect half-hearted results.
Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championships.
Write your own book instead of reading someone else's book about success. Great moments are born from great opportunities. This is your time. Their time is done. It's over. This is your time. Now go out there and take it!
- Herb Brooks
No work is insignificant. All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence. - Martin Luther King, Jr.
To do what nobody else will do, a way that nobody else can do, in spite of all we go through; that is to be a nurse.
- Rawsi Williams
Nurses dispense comfort, compassion, and caring without even a prescription. - Val Saintsbury
The document discusses the issue of graffiti and whether it should be considered art or vandalism. It describes an event at the University of Hawaii where the campus newspaper encouraged students to draw on newsstands, but this led to other objects being tagged as well. While some see graffiti as a form of artistic expression, under Hawaii law it is considered illegal vandalism to mark public or private property without permission. Reports from 2020-2021 indicate the mobile medical clinic van from the University of Hawaii medical school was vandalized multiple times, showing graffiti continues to be a problem. Understanding the root causes and different types of graffiti may help address the issue more effectively.
The document discusses the need for vaccines and exit strategies to end the COVID-19 crisis. It highlights research at the University of Hawaii that shows promise for a COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine candidate developed by Dr. Axel Lehrer and his team successfully stimulated antibody and immune responses in mice, demonstrating potential to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. If further research is successful, this could provide a path towards resolving the global pandemic.
It's no secret that the healthcare system needs some work. In fact, it's not really a system at all. It's confusing, it's difficult to navigate, and it's too expensive. When you combine that with some of the demographic trends that you see in our country — the population is getting older, we're experiencing more chronic disease — it gets even more complicated and more expensive. And consumer expectations are changing dramatically as well. So, this creates an opportunity for an organization like ours to lead this digital transformation.
Steve Nelson, CEO
UnitedHealthcare
When a man becomes a fireman his greatest act of bravery has been accomplished. What he does after that is all in the line of work.
I have no ambition in this world but one, and that is to be a fireman. The position may, in the eyes of some, appear to be a lowly one; but we who know the work which the fireman has to do believe that his is a noble calling. Our proudest moment is to save lives. Under the impulse of such thoughts, the nobility of the occupation thrills us and stimulates us to deeds of daring, even of supreme sacrifice.
- Edward F. Croker, Chief, New York City Fire Department
(FDNY) (1899-1911)
More from Clifton M. Hasegawa & Associates, LLC (20)
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Slide deck with charts from our Digital News Report 2024, the most comprehensive exploration of news consumption habits around the world, based on survey data from more than 95,000 respondents across 47 countries.
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Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
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ACSA confirms operational readiness ahead the arrival of Heads of State at OR...
State of Hawaii - Truth and Veracity - Spinning Wheels - CheckMate
1. THE ABECEDARIAN TARGETS MAUI COUNTY
Missile Strike & Collateral Damage
Guidance System Failure? Faulty Coordinates?
The Hawaii Department of Health's State Laboratories Division has confirmed a variant of concern,
associated with an increase of COVID-19 cases on Maui.
The B.1.429 variant, previously called L452R, was first detected in Hawaii almost four weeks
ago.
According to the state Department of Health, there have been a total of 50-60 cases of the B.1.429
variant on Maui, 28 of them found in January and February of 2021 and the rest occurring last
year. Maui cases make up about half of all B1249 cases in the state to date, according to health
officials.
Health officials say there have been 10 cases of the variant linked to the cluster at the Maui
Community Correctional Center, but there are also cases that have surfaced out in the
community.
Source: New P.2 Variant Found on O'ahu; B.1.429 Variant Associated with Increased COVID-19
Cases on Maui By Wendy Osher, Maui Now, February 26, 2021 <https://mauinow.com/2021/02/26/new-p-2-
variant-found-on-oahu-b-1-429-variant-associated-with-increased-covid-19-cases-on-maui/>
_________________________________
THE UNSEEN HAND
An Introduction to the Conspiratorial View of History
By A. Ralph Epperson
<https://www.maier-files.com/the-unseen-hand/>
In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, it was planned that way.
If harmful events are planned, it follows that the people who were about to suffer through the
scheduled event would act to prevent the event from occurring if they knew about it in advance. The
people expect government to protect them from harmful events. But if the events still occur after the
government officials had been expected to prevent them, the government officials have failed in their
assigned duties. There are only two explanations as to why they failed:
The events overwhelmed them, and could not have been prevented; or
The events were allowed to occur because the officials wanted them to occur.
_________________________________
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
STATE LAB DETECTS ADDITIONAL COVID-19 VARIANTS
FEBRUARY 2, 2021
<https://health.hawaii.gov/news/newsroom/state-lab-detects-additional-covid-19-variants/>
The Department of Health's State Laboratories Division (SLD) continues to work in partnership
with private sector laboratories to collect and examine specimens of the SARSCoV-2 virus, which
causes COVID-19. To date, nine samples of the L452R variant have been identified and four
specimens that exhibit a molecular clue associated with the UK B1.1.7 have been found. This
indicates the B1.1.7 variant may be present in Hawaii.
2. Expedited whole genome sequencing (WGS) is being performed on the specimens containing the
molecular clue to determine whether they are the B1.1.7 variant. Sequencing is expected to be
completed late this week. The Department of Health will announce results immediately upon
completion. The B1.1.7 variant is highly transmissible. It has not previously been detected in
Hawaii. Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Inc. (DLS) provided two specimens to SLD with the
B1.1.7 molecular clue and SLD found two specimens with this clue among the samples it
proactively collects.
Of the nine L452R variants identified so far, one was from Maui, one from Kauai, and seven
were from Oahu. Four individuals carrying the L452R variant had a history of travel to or from the
U.S. mainland (3 California, 1 Utah), including two returning residents.
Investigation is ongoing into one Maui case and four Oahu cases that had no history of travel.
_________________________________
HAWAII STATE LAB DETECTS COVID-19 VARIANT
Maui Now, January 25, 2021
<https://mauinow.com/2021/01/25/hawaii-state-lab-detects-covid-19-variant/>
“Science HAS NOT SHOWN the L452R variant spreads more quickly or poses a greater
threat than other COVID-19 strains, but there is concern because it has been linked to a
growing number of cases in California including several large outbreaks.”
“It is common to find variants to viruses like COVID-19. Some present greater risks than
others.” said Dr. Sarah Kemble, acting state epidemiologist.”
_________________________________
A GUIDE TO EMERGING SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS
By Katarina Zimmer, TheScientist, January 26, 2021
<https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/a-guide-to-emerging-sars-cov-2-variants-68387>
SARS-CoV-2 is no Ferrari among viruses when it comes to mutations. Scientists reckon that its 30,000-base
RNA genome acquires around two single-letter mutations a month, a rate around half as fast as influenza and
one-quarter the rate of HIV. But allowed to multiply and jump from body to body for more than a year,
SARS-CoV-2 has inevitably flourished into a genetically diverse tree branching into countless different
variants.
L452R, B.1.459 The L452R mutation itself was observed in the US and Europe last year. In January
2021, it rose rapidly in frequency in multiple California counties. Associated with several large outbreaks
in California, but it remains unclear if the surges are driven by the variant itself.
B.1.1.7 First identified in late December in the UK, it has spread to 62 countries in Europe, Asia, the US,
and elsewhere. 17 recent mutations, including N501Y, P681H, HV 69–70 deletion, and four more on the
spike protein; the ORF8 Q27stop mutation outside the spike protein. Thought to have greater than 40
percent increased transmissibility. Increased virulence suggested but remains unresolved.
_________________________________
COVID-19 CASES AT MAUI COUNTY CORRECTIONAL CENTER (MCCC) CONTAINED
3. STATE OF HAWAII – DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH – DISEASE OUTBREAK CONTROL DIVISION
Hawaii COVID-19 Data – Cluster Report
<https://health.hawaii.gov/coronavirusdisease2019/what-you-should-know/current-situation-in-hawaii/>
Maui County COVID-19 Clusters Under Investigation In Last 14 Days By Exposure Setting
JANUARY 28, 2021
CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Clusters (#) Total Cases (#) Cases Associated Linked
with Primary Setting (#) Primary Setting (#)
0 0 0 0
Maui County COVID-19 Clusters Under Investigation In Last 14 Days By Exposure Setting
FEBRUARY 4, 2021
CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Clusters (#) Total Cases (#) Cases Associated Linked
with Primary Setting (#) Primary Setting (#)
1 7 7 0
Maui County COVID-19 Under Investigation In Last 14 Days By Exposure Setting
FEBRUARY 11, 2021
CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Clusters (#) Total Cases (#) Cases Associated Linked
with Primary Setting (#) Primary Setting (#)
1 9 9 0
Maui County COVID-19 Clusters Under Investigation In Last 14 Days By Exposure Setting
FEBRUARY 18, 2021
CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Clusters (#) Total Cases (#) Cases Associated Linked
with Primary Setting (#) Primary Setting (#)
1 22 22 0
Maui County COVID-19 Clusters Under Investigation In Last 14 Days By Exposure Setting
FEBRUARY 25, 2021
CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Clusters (#) Total Cases (#) Cases Associated Linked
with Primary Setting (#) Primary Setting (#)
1 33 33 0
4. Definitions
Cases Associated With The Primary Setting
Refers to cases linked to a COVID-19 cluster that were directly exposed to the primary site or event.
Linked Cases Outside The Primary Setting
Refers to cases linked to a COVID-19 cluster that were NOT directly exposed to the primary site or event
(for example, cases among household contacts of any cases associated with the primary setting).
MCCC – MAUI COUNTY CORRECTIONAL CENTER – FEBURARY 26, 2021
<http://dps.hawaii.gov/blog/2020/03/17/coronavirus-covid-19-information-and-resources/>
_________________________________